Sima (geology)

Sima often takes the form of basalt when on the surface

In geology, sima (/ˈsaɪmə/) is an antiquated[1] blended term for the lower layer of Earth's crust. This layer is made of rocks rich in magnesium silicate minerals. Typically, when the sima comes to the surface, it is basalt, so sometimes this layer is called the 'ocean layer' of the crust. The sima layer is also called the 'basal crust' or 'basal layer' because it is the lowest layer of the crust. Because the ocean floors are mainly sima, it is also sometimes called the 'oceanic crust'.

The name 'sima' was taken from the first two letters of silica and of magnesia.

Comparable is the term sial (another antiquated blended term),[2] which is the name for the upper layer of Earth's crust (continental crust) , namely rocks rich in aluminium silicate minerals.

Petrology

The sima has a higher density (2800 to 3300 kg/m3) than the sial, which is due to larger amounts of iron and magnesium, and smaller amounts of aluminium. When the denser sima comes to the surface it forms mafic rocks, or rocks with mafic minerals. The most dense sima has less silica and forms ultramafic rocks.

See also

Look up sima in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

References

  1. ^ Cawood, Peter A.; Chowdhury, Priyadarshi; Mulder, Jacob A.; Hawkesworth, Chris J.; Capitanio, Fabio A.; Gunawardana, Prasanna M.; Nebel, Oliver (2022). "Secular Evolution of Continents and the Earth System". Reviews of Geophysics. 60 (4). Bibcode:2022RvGeo..6000789C. doi:10.1029/2022RG000789. hdl:2440/137671. ISSN 8755-1209.
  2. ^ Cawood, Peter A.; Chowdhury, Priyadarshi; Mulder, Jacob A.; Hawkesworth, Chris J.; Capitanio, Fabio A.; Gunawardana, Prasanna M.; Nebel, Oliver (2022). "Secular Evolution of Continents and the Earth System". Reviews of Geophysics. 60 (4). Bibcode:2022RvGeo..6000789C. doi:10.1029/2022RG000789. hdl:2440/137671. ISSN 8755-1209.
  • Bates, R.L., and Jackson, J.A., (1987) Glossary of geology American Geological Institute, Alexandria, Virginia.
  • Cottingham, Kenneth. “The Geologist's Vocabulary.” The Scientific Monthly, vol. 72, no. 3, 1951, pp. 154–163. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/20222. Accessed 19 June 2020.
  • Dilek, Y. and Newcomb, S. (eds.) (2003) Ophiolite Concept and the Evolution of Geological Thought Geological Society of America Special Paper 373, Boulder, Colorado.

Read other articles:

Subcritical reactor

Device that achieves nuclear fission without triggering a chain reaction A subcritical reactor is a nuclear fission reactor concept that produces fission without achieving criticality. Instead of sustaining a chain reaction, a subcritical reactor uses additional neutrons from an outside source. There are two general classes of such devices. One uses neutrons provided by a nuclear fusion machine, a concept known as a fusion–fission hybrid. The other uses neutrons created through spallation o...

 

Phoebe Tonkin

Phoebe TonkinTonkin pada tahun 2012LahirPhoebe Jane Elizabeth Tonkin12 Juli 1989 (umur 34)Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaKebangsaanAustraliaPekerjaan Akteis model Tahun aktif2006–sekarangDikenal atas H2O: Just Add Water The Secret Circle The Originals Phoebe Jane Elizabeth Tonkin[1] (lahir 12 Juli 1989)[1] adalah seorang aktris, dan model asal Australia. Ia dikenal dalam peran-perannya di berbagai acara televisi sebagai Cleo Sertori pada H2O: Just Add Water, Fi...

 

Stasiun Shikiji

Stasiun Shikiji敷地駅Stasiun Shikiji pada April 2018Lokasi404-2 Shikiji, Iwata-shi, Shizuoka-ken 438-0106JepangKoordinat34°49′34.47″N 137°51′51.54″E / 34.8262417°N 137.8643167°E / 34.8262417; 137.8643167Koordinat: 34°49′34.47″N 137°51′51.54″E / 34.8262417°N 137.8643167°E / 34.8262417; 137.8643167OperatorTenryū Hamanako RailroadJalur■ Jalur Tenryū HamanakoLetak18.9 kilometer dari KakegawaJumlah peron1 peron sampingI...

Abram Comingo

American politician Abram ComingoMember of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom MissouriIn officeMarch 4, 1871 – March 3, 1875Preceded byRobert T. Van HornSucceeded byBenjamin Joseph FranklinConstituency6th district (1871–1873)8th district (1873–1875) Personal detailsBorn(1820-01-09)January 9, 1820Mercer County, Kentucky, U.S.DiedNovember 10, 1889(1889-11-10) (aged 69)Resting placeElmwood Cemetery, Kansas City, MissouriPolitical partyDemocratic Abram Comingo (...

 

Tell (poker)

Change in a poker players behaviour or demeanour when assessing their hand Some of this article's listed sources may not be reliable. Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed. (June 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Professional poker player Annie Duke. Eye contact may be a sign that a player is trying to disguise a weak hand. A tell in poker is a change in a player's behavior or ...

 

Final Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2018

Final Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2018Zayed Sports City Stadium di Abu Dhabi menjadi tempat penyelenggaraan pertandingan finalTurnamenPiala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2018 Real Madrid Al-Ain 4 1 Tanggal22 Desember 2018 (2018-12-22)StadionZayed Sports City Stadium, Abu DhabiPemain Terbaik Marcos Llorente (Real Madrid)[1]WasitJair Marrufo (Amerika Serikat)[2]Penonton40.696[1]CuacaMalam cerah22 °C (72 °F)Kelembapan 65%[2]← 2017 2019 → Fi...

Kelly McCreary

Kelly McCrearyKelly McCreary pada 2015LahirKelly McCreary29 September 1981 (umur 42)Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Amerika SerikatAlmamaterBarnard CollegePekerjaanAktrisTahun aktif2004–sekarangSuami/istriPete Chatmon ​(m. 2019)​ Kelly J. McCreary (lahir 10 Juli 1981) adalah seorang aktris Amerika Serikat. Ia dikenal karena perannya dalam serial drama ABC Grey's Anatomy sebagai Dr. Maggie Pierce, saudara tiri protagonis Meredith Grey. Kehidupan pribadi McCreary...

 

Carrosio

Carrosio commune di Italia Carrosio (it) Tempat Negara berdaulatItaliaRegion di ItaliaPiedmontProvinsi di ItaliaProvinsi Alessandria NegaraItalia Ibu kotaCarrosio PendudukTotal487  (2023 )GeografiLuas wilayah6,92 km² [convert: unit tak dikenal]Ketinggian254 m Berbatasan denganGavi Voltaggio Bosio SejarahHari liburpatronal festival Santo pelindungSalib Sejati Informasi tambahanKode pos15060 Zona waktuUTC+1 UTC+2 Kode telepon0143 ID ISTAT006035 Kode kadaster ItaliaB840 Lain-lainSitus...

 

Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014

2014 Indian Parliament act creating the state of Telangana from part of Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014Parliament of India Long title Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 Territorial extentIndiaPassed byLok SabhaPassed18 February 2014Passed byRajya SabhaPassed20 February 2014Assented to byPranab MukherjeeAssented to1 March 2014Signed byPranab MukherjeeSigned1 March 2014Commenced2 June 2014Effective2 June 2014Legislative historyFirst cham...

Transvaal Memorial Hospital for Children

Hospital in Gauteng, South AfricaTransvaal Memorial Hospital for ChildrenTransvaal Provincial AdministrationGeographyLocationBraamfontein, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South AfricaOrganisationCare systemPublicTypeSpecialistServicesSpecialityTeachingHistoryOpened1923Closed1978LinksListsHospitals in South Africa The Transvaal Memorial Hospital for Children, based in Johannesburg, was the first dedicated children's hospital in South Africa when it opened in 1923. The hospital would remain open until ...

 

Jibril

Bagian dari seriIslam Rukun Iman Keesaan Allah Malaikat Kitab-kitab Allah Nabi dan Rasul Allah Hari Kiamat Qada dan Qadar Rukun Islam Syahadat Salat Zakat Puasa Haji Sumber hukum Islam al-Qur'an Sunnah (Hadis, Sirah) Tafsir Akidah Fikih Syariat Sejarah Garis waktu Muhammad Ahlulbait Sahabat Nabi Khulafaur Rasyidin Khalifah Imamah Ilmu pengetahuan Islam abad pertengahan Penyebaran Islam Penerus Muhammad Budaya dan masyarakat Akademik Akhlak Anak-anak Dakwah Demografi Ekonomi Feminisme Filsafat...

 

Baz, Albania

Municipal unit in Dibër, AlbaniaBazMunicipal unitBazCoordinates: 41°38′N 19°56′E / 41.633°N 19.933°E / 41.633; 19.933Country AlbaniaCountyDibërMunicipalityMatPopulation (2011) • Municipal unit2,228Time zoneUTC+1 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST) Baz is a village and a former municipality in the Dibër County, northern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Mat.[1] The p...

Yubraj Nayaghare

Yubraj Nayaghareयुवराज नयाँघरेBorn (1969-10-05) 5 October 1969 (age 54)Ilam DistrictOccupationWriterNotable workEk Haatko TaaliAwardsMadan Puraskar Yubraj Nayaghare (Nepali: युवराज नयाँघरे) is writer, litterateur and winner of Madan Puraskar of Nepal.[1][2][3] Books Anaam Pahadma PhanPhani Ghamko Chumban (2012) Ek Haatko Taali (2009) - won the Madan Puraskar award Aunla Aunlama Australia Yakji Harabara Tanakkha S...

 

Rally Dakar 2003

Rally Dakar 2003Edizione n. 25 del Rally Dakar Dati generaliInizio1º gennaio Termine19 gennaio Prove17 (17 speciali) Titoli in palioMoto Richard Sainctsu KTM Auto Hiroshi Masuokasu Mitsubishi Camion Vladimir Čaginsu Kamaz Altre edizioniPrecedente - Successiva Edizione in corso Il Rally Dakar 2003 è stata la 25ª edizione del Rally Dakar (partenza da Marsiglia, arrivo a Sharm el-Sheikh). Indice 1 Tappe 2 Classifiche 2.1 Moto 2.2 Auto 2.3 Camion 3 Note 4 Altri progetti 5 Collegamenti est...

 

Philadelphia Mint

Continental national mint of the United States 39°57′13″N 75°08′51″W / 39.9536°N 75.1474°W / 39.9536; -75.1474 This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Philadelphia Mint – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this m...

Jacob Kiplimo

Ugandan long-distance runner (born 2000) Jacob KiplimoKiplimo at the 2022 World Athletics Championships in EugenePersonal informationBorn (2000-11-14) 14 November 2000 (age 23)Bukwo District, UgandaHeight1.75 m (5 ft 9 in)Weight56 kg (123 lb)SportCountryUgandaSportAthleticsEventLong-distance runningTeamNikeCoached byIacopo BrasiAchievements and titlesPersonal bests3000 m: 7:26.64 NR (Rome 2020)5000 m: 12:41.73 (Oslo 2023)10,000 m: 26:33.93 (Ostrava...

 

孔塔任

孔塔任 孔塔任是巴西的城市，位於該國東南部，距離首府貝洛奧里藏特21公里，由米納斯吉拉斯州負責管轄，始建於1716年，面積194平方公里，海拔高度858米，受熱帶氣候影響，2008年人口617,749。 外部連結 Ceasa Greater BH City government official site （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） 这是一篇與巴西相關的地理小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。查论编 查论编 米納斯吉�...

 

Lauren Hemp

Lauren Hemp Lauren Hemp melakukan pemanasan sebelum bertanding pada 11 Mei 2019Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Lauren May HempTanggal lahir 07 Agustus 2000 (umur 23)Tempat lahir North Walsham, InggrisTinggi 163 m (534 ft 9 in)Posisi bermain PenyerangInformasi klubKlub saat ini Manchester CityNomor 15Karier junior North Walsham Youth FC2008–2015 Norwich CityKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2016–2018 Bristol City 24 (9)2018– Manchester City 20 (5)Tim nasional‡2016�...

Алексий (Орлов, Алексей Степанович)

В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с именем Алексий.В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с похожими именами, см. Орлов и Орлов, Алексей. Архиепископ Алексий Архиепископ Омский до 11 августа 1933 года — епископ 11 (24) августа 1931 — август 1935 Предшественн�...

 

2022 Arizona elections

2022 Arizona elections← 20202024 → Elections in Arizona Federal government Presidential elections 1912 1916 1920 1924 1928 1932 1936 1940 1944 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 Presidential primaries Democratic 2004 2008 2016 2020 2024 Republican 2008 2012 2016 2024 U.S. Senate elections 1912 1914 1916 1920 1922 1926 1928 1932 1934 1938 1940 1944 1946 1950 1952 1956 1958 1962 1964 1968 1970 1974 1976 1980...