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Silveirinha Formation
Silveirinha Formation
Stratigraphic range: Ypresian; (MP7 or Neustrian); ~55.8–48.6 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Type	Geological formation
Sub-units	Rio Mondego Member
Underlies	Bom Sucesso Formation
Overlies	Taveiro Formation
Lithology
Primary	Sandstone, siltstone
Other	Conglomerate
Location
Coordinates	40°00′N 8°48′W / 40.0°N 8.8°W
Approximate paleocoordinates	35°36′N 10°00′W / 35.6°N 10.0°W
Region	Região Centro
Country	Portugal
Extent	Mondego Basin
Type section
Named for	Silveirinha clay pit
Named by	Autunes et al.
Location	Silveirinha clay pit
Year defined	1981
Coordinates	40°00′29.0″N 8°49′16.7″W / 40.008056°N 8.821306°W
Region	Coimbra District
	Silveirinha Formation (Portugal)

The Silveirinha Formation is an Early Eocene (Ypresian, or MP7 or Neustrian in the ELMA classification) geologic formation of the Mondego Basin in the Região Centro of central-western Portugal. The sandstones, siltstones and conglomerates were deposited in an alluvial environment.^[1]

The formation has provided fossils of many mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles, as well as mollusks and ostracods, and is considered one of the richest Early Eocene faunal assemblages of Europe. The taeniodont, typically known as a North American order; Eurodon silveirinhensis and the ostracod Cypris silveirinhaensis have been named after the formation.

Description

The Silveirinha Formation, named after the Silveirinha clay pit, crops out in the western part of the Mondego Basin in the Região Centro of central-western Portugal.^[2] The formation comprises fossiliferous lenticular calcitic conglomerates as well as laminated and cross bedded sands and brownish-red silts.^[1]

The conglomerates are interpreted as crevasse-splay deposit in a alluvial plain environment, which eventually flooded and where bogs and possibly oxbows developed, crossed by channels depending on a river system that drained higher areas more north or eastwards.^[3]

Climate

The climate in the Early Eocene was substantially warmer than today.

Paleontological significance

The Silveirinha clay pit after which the formation is named was first discovered in 1977 by Rui Pena dos Reis of Coimbra University.^[4] The unit is one of few earliest Eocene fossiliferous formations that provided a rich amphibian and reptile fauna.^[5] Most fossils were deposited in the channels after short transportation. Vegetation should have been rich in nearby areas, supporting a rich fauna. Ostracods, gastropods, amphibians and pelomedusid chelonians indicate fresh waters, although rare bivalves show that salt or at least brackish waters were not very far away.^[3]

It is hypothesized that the species D. antunesi in the genus Diacodexis was more primitive than the earliest Wasatchian D. ilicis of North America, strongly supporting a Europe to America dispersal of this genus.^[6]

Fossil content

The formation has provided the following fossils:^[1]

Mammals

Primates

Acreodi

Mondegodon eutrigonus^[8]

Artiodactyls

Diacodexis antunesi^[9]^[10]

Carnivora

Cimolesta

Ilerdoryctes cf. sigei^[11]

"Condylartha"

Microhyus reisi^[12]^[13]

Ferae

Dormaalocyon latouri^[7]
cf. Viverravus sp.^[7]

Glires

Hyaenodonta

Didelphodus sp.^[7]

Insectivora

Perissodactyls

Taeniodonta

Eurodon silveirinhensis^[7]^[19]

Theriiformes

Birds

Reptiles

Crocodiles

Diplocynodon sp.^[24]

Lizards

Snakes

Turtles

Neochelys sp.^[30]

Amphibians

Invertebrates

Mollusks

Ostracods

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Silveirinha Formation at Fossilworks.org
^ De la Peña, 1995, p.30
^ ^a ^b Antunes, 2003, p.20
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Estravís, 2000, p.282
^ Rage & Augé, 2003, p.103
^ Godinot & De Lapparent, 2003, p.262
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Estravís, 2000, p.283
^ Tabuce et al., 2011, p.146
^ Estravís & Russell, 1989
^ ^a ^b ^c Badiola et al., 2009, p.248
^ ^a ^b Estravís, 2000, p.284
^ Tabuce et al., 2006, p.41
^ Antunes et al., 1987
^ Escarguel, 1999, p.142
^ Escarguel, 1999, p.251
^ Estravís, 1994
^ Estravís, 1990
^ Estravís & Russell, 1992b
^ Estravís & Russell, 1992a, p.195
^ Tabuce et al., 2009
^ Estravís, 1996
^ Harrison, 1983
^ ^a ^b Antunes, 2003, p.7
^ Antunes, 2003, p.10
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Rage & Augé, 2003, p.105
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Rage & Augé, 2003, p.107
^ ^a ^b ^c Rage & Augé, 2003, p.108
^ ^a ^b ^c Rage & Augé, 2003, p.106
^ Rage & Augé, 2003, p.109
^ Lapparent de Broin, 2003, p.118
^ Rage & Augé, 2003, p.104
^ Callapez, 2003, p.84
^ ^a ^b ^c Callapez, 2003, p.85
^ ^a ^b ^c Colin & Antunes, 2003, p.92

Bibliography

Tabuce, Rodolphe; Clavel, Julien; Antunes, Miguel Telles (2011), "A structural intermediate between triisodontids and mesonychians (Mammalia, Acreodi) from the earliest Eocene of Portugal", The Science of Nature, 98 (2): 145–155, Bibcode:2011NW.....98..145T, doi:10.1007/s00114-010-0747-y, PMID 21181109, retrieved 2020-09-06
Tabuce, R.; Antunes, M. T.; Sige, B. (2009), "A new primitive bat from the earliest Eocene of Europe", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 29 (2): 627–630, Bibcode:2009JVPal..29..627T, doi:10.1671/039.029.0204
Tabuce, Rodolphe; Antunes, Miguel Telles; Smith, Richard; Smith, Thierry (2006), "Dental and tarsal morphology of the European Paleocene/Eocene 'condylarth' mammal Microhyus", Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 51: 37–52, retrieved 2020-09-06
Antunes, M. T (2003), "Lower Paleogene crocodilians from Silveirinha, Portugal", Palaeovertebrata, 32: 1–26, S2CID 132993434
Callapez, Pedro (2003), "Upper Paleocene-Early Eocene mollusks of Silveirinha (Figueira da Foz, West Central Portugal)", Ciências da Terra, 15: 83–90
Colin, Jean-Paul; Autunes, Miguel Telles (2003), "Limnic ostracoda from Silveirinha, Portugal (? Late Paleocene - Lowermost Eocene)", Ciências da Terra, 15: 91–100
Rage, J. C.; Augé, M. (2003), "Amphibians and squamate reptiles from the lower Eocene of Silveirinha (Portugal)", Ciências da Terra, 15: 103–116, retrieved 2020-09-06
de Lapparent de Broin, F (2003), "Neochelys sp. (Chelonii, Erymnochelyinae), from Silveirinha, early Eocene, Portugal", Ciências da Terra, 15: 117–132, retrieved 2020-09-06
Godinot, Marc; de Lapparent de Broin, France (2003), "Arguments for a mammalian and reptilian dispersal from Asia to Europe during the Paleocene-Eocene boundary interval", Deinsea, 10: 255–275, ISSN 0923-9308, retrieved 2020-09-06
Estravís, C (2000), "Nuevos mamíferos del Eoceno Inferior de Silveirinha (Baixo Mondego, Portugal)", Coloquios de Paleontología, 51: 281–311, S2CID 161766178
Escarguel, Gilles (1999), "Les rongeurs de l'Eocène inférieur et moyen d'Europe occidentale - Systématique, phylogénie, bio-chronologie et paléobiogéographie des niveaux-repères MP7 a MP14", Palaeovertebrata, 28: 89–351, retrieved 2020-09-06
Estravís, C (1996), "Leptacodon nascimentoi n. sp., un nouveau Nyctitheriidae (Mammalia, Lipotyphla) de l'Eocène inférieur de Silveirinha (Baixo Mondego, Portugal)", Palaeovertebrata, 25: 279–286
De la Peña Zarzuelo, Antonio (1995), "Los Peces terciarios de las cuencas continentales ibéricas: Marco histórico y registro fosil conocido - Tertiary fishes from the Iberia continental basins: History and fossil record", Coloquios de Paleontología, 47: 25–46, ISSN 1132-1660, retrieved 2020-09-06
Estravís, C (1994), "Microparamys paisi, un nouvel Ischyromyidae (Rodentia) de l'Éocène inférieur de Silveirinha (Baixo Mondego, Portugal)", Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris, 318: 417–420
Estravís, Carmen; Russell, Donald E. (1992a), "The presence of Taeniodonta (Mammalia) in the Early Eocene of Europe", Ciências da Terra, 11: 191–201, S2CID 59471522
Estravís, Carmen; Russell, Donald E. (1992b), "Paschatherium marianae, un nouveau Condylarthra de Silveirinha, Éocène inferérieur du Portugal", Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Section C, 14: 185–203
Estravís, C (1990), "Russellmys denisae, un nouvel Apatémyidé (Mammalia) de Silveirinha, eocène inférieur du Portugal", Geobios, 23 (6): 761–765, Bibcode:1990Geobi..23..761E, doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(06)80342-6
Estravís, C.; Russell, D. E. (1989), "Decouverte d'un nouveau Diacodexis (Artiocactyla, Mammalia) dans l'Eocène inférieur de Silveirinha, Portugal", Palaeovertebrata, 19: 29–44
Antunes, M.T.; Estravís, C.; Russell, D.E. (1987), "A new condylarth (Mammalia) from the Early Eocene of Silveirinha, Portugal", Münchner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen A, 10: 219–224
Harrison, C. J. O (1983), "A new wader, Recurvirostridae (Charadriiformes), from the Early Eocene of Portugal", Ciencias da Terra, 7: 9–16

[FW-1] Silveirinha Formation at Fossilworks.org

[DeLaPena1995-p30-2] De la Peña, 1995, p.30

[Antunes2003-p20-3] Antunes, 2003, p.20

[Estravis2000-p282-4] Estravís, 2000, p.282

[Rage2003-p103-5] Rage & Augé, 2003, p.103

[Godinot2003-p262-6] Godinot & De Lapparent, 2003, p.262

[Estravis2000-p283-7] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Estravís, 2000, p.283

[Tabuce2011-p146-8] Tabuce et al., 2011, p.146

[Estravis1989-9] Estravís & Russell, 1989

[Badiola2009-p248-10] Badiola et al., 2009, p.248

[Estravis2000-p284-11] Estravís, 2000, p.284

[Tabuce2006-p41-12] Tabuce et al., 2006, p.41

[Antunes1987-13] Antunes et al., 1987

[Escarguel1999-p142-14] Escarguel, 1999, p.142

[Escarguel1999-p251-15] Escarguel, 1999, p.251

[Estravis1994-16] Estravís, 1994

[Estravis1990-17] Estravís, 1990

[Estravis1992b-18] Estravís & Russell, 1992b

[Estravis1992a-p195-19] Estravís & Russell, 1992a, p.195

[Tabuce2009-20] Tabuce et al., 2009

[Estravis1996-21] Estravís, 1996

[Harrison1983-22] Harrison, 1983

[Antunes2003-p7-23] Antunes, 2003, p.7

[Antunes2003-p10-24] Antunes, 2003, p.10

[Rage2003-p105-25] Rage & Augé, 2003, p.105

[Rage2003-p107-26] Rage & Augé, 2003, p.107

[Rage2003-p108-27] Rage & Augé, 2003, p.108

[Rage2003-p106-28] Rage & Augé, 2003, p.106

[Rage2003-p109-29] Rage & Augé, 2003, p.109

[Lapparent2003-p118-30] Lapparent de Broin, 2003, p.118

[Rage2003-p104-31] Rage & Augé, 2003, p.104

[Callapez2003-p84-32] Callapez, 2003, p.84

[Callapez2003-p85-33] Callapez, 2003, p.85

[Colin2003-p92-34] Colin & Antunes, 2003, p.92

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PROFILPELAJAR.COM

Silveirinha Formation

Description

Climate

Paleontological significance

Fossil content

Mammals

Birds

Reptiles

Amphibians

Invertebrates

See also

References

Bibliography

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