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Siege of Qatif 1551
	Part of Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1538–1559)
Date	July 1551
Location	Qatif
Result	Portuguese victory
Belligerents
Portuguese Empire; Kingdom of Hormuz;	Ottoman Empire
Commanders and leaders
Dom António de Noronha; Rax Xarafo; Mirmaxet;	Unknown
Strength
1,200 Portuguese soldiers ; 3,000 Hormuzi auxiliaries; 7 galleons; 12 oar ships	400 men
Casualties and losses
Light	Light

The siege of Qatif was a military confrontation between the Portuguese Empire and the Ottoman Empire at Qatif in 1551. The Portuguese, together with their Hormuzi vassals successfully sieged, captured and demolished the fort captured from the Ottomans.

Background

In 1550, the Ottoman governor of Basra captured Qatif after having bribed part of the garrison of its fort, and upon arriving with a fleet, the fort surrendered while its Hormuzi governor retreated to Hormuz, which was controlled by the Portuguese. When the Portuguese governor of India Afonso de Noronha received news at Goa that the Ottomans had captured Qatif and were encroaching on the Persian Gulf, he dispatched Dom António de Noronha to the Persian Gulf with 1,200 men and a fleet of 7 galleons and 12 oarships, tasked with expelling the Turks.^[2]^[3]

Upon arriving at Hormuz, its king provided Dom António with a force of 3,000 Persian and Hormuzi auxiliaries, under the command of his vizier, Rax Xarafo, and Mirmaxet, vizier of Mogostan.^[4]

The siege

From Hormuz Dom António sent Manuel de Vasconcelos ahead with the oarships to scout Qatif and sever its communications with Ottoman Basra. He arrived in late July with the remainder of his fleet. The Portuguese staged a landing, and although Turkish horsemen attacked the Portuguese, they were driven back to the fortress.^[5] Before long the Portuguese had dug trenches, set artillery batteries and began battering the forts walls. Seeing no way to resist, at the end of eight days the garrison fled under the darkness of the night, the last being detected by the Portuguese and killed.^[6] The fort was then demolished.^[7]

References

^ Frederick Charles Denvers: The Portuguese in India p. 492.
^ Frederick Charles Denvers: The Portuguese in India p. 492.
^ Diogo do Couto: Da Ásia Década Sexta part II, book IX, chapter IV, p.246.
^ Diogo do Couto: [1] part II, book IX, chapter IV, p.326.
^ Diogo do Couto: Da Ásia Década Sexta part II, book IX, chapter IV, p.327.
^ Manuel de Faria e Sousa: Ásia Portuguesa part II, tome II, chapter IX, p. 253.
^ Denvers, 1894, p.492.