Side Impact Protection System

This article is about the Volvo safety system. For the body part (Spina Iliaca Posterior Superior), see posterior superior iliac spine. For the prison service formerly known as Solomon Islands Prison Service, see Correctional Services of Solomon Islands. For the construction material made of rigid foam insulation and oriented strand board, see Structural insulated panel.

Side Impact Protection System (SIPS) is a passive safety system in an automobile to protect against injury in a side collision, developed by Volvo Cars.

History

SIPS was first introduced in 1991[1] for the Volvo 700, 900[2] and 850 series cars of model year 1992.[3][4][5][6] It has been standard on every new Volvo since.

SIPS consists of a reinforced lower sill panel, "B pillar" and reinforcements with energy absorbing honeycomb materials[7][8] inside the doors.[9] The idea is to more widely distribute the energy in a side collision across the whole side of the car rather than having the b-pillar absorb it all.[6] Driver and passenger seat are mounted on transverse steel rails,[10] not bolted to the floor as per the standard configuration.[11] In a side impact these transverse rails allow the seats to crush a reinforced center console designed to absorb additional energy.[12]

In 1994,[13] for the 1995 model year,[14] the SIPS-Bag[15] was introduced. Initially an option[16] on 850 models,[17][18] it became standard equipment[13] of all new Volvo automobiles beginning in 1995[19] for the 1996 model year.[15] The system consists of a mechanically[20] activated[21] side airbag that protects the front seat occupants torsos from hitting the cars interior.[22]

In 1998, for the 1999 model year, the system was extensively redesigned. With the launch of the Volvo S80 the IC airbag,[23] a curtain style airbag[24] deploying from the headlining to protect the head, was added. It has since been standard equipment on all newly released Volvos.
Because of technical reasons the existing Volvo S70, V70 and C70 models were instead equipped with the SIPS-BAG II.[13][25]

In 2006,[26] for the 2007 model year, the fourth generation SIPS was introduced incorporating more high strength steel, structural changes, more bracing and dual chamber sips-bags.[27][28]

Notably, under Volvo's 1999-2006 tenure with Ford's Premier Automotive Group, Ford adapted the SIPS system to numerous of its vehicles, including the Ford Five Hundred/Mercury Montego, Freestyle, Taurus X, Flex and fifth generation Explorer as well as the Lincoln MKS, MKT. Ford marketed its system as SPACE (Side Protection and Cabin Enhancement) Architecture, incorporating at floor level a bolt-in hydroformed cross-car steel beam between the B-pillars directly below an identical reinforced cross-roof beam above the B-pillars[29][30] to channel impact forces around rather than through the passenger cabin.[31]

  • Cutaway of second generation S80 showing structural reinforcements of the SIPS-system
    Volvo S80 cutaway showing part of the SIPS system components
  • Volvo S80 cutaway showing part of the SIPS system components
    Volvo S80 cutaway showing part of the SIPS system components
  • Volvo S80 cutaway showing part of the SIPS system components
    Volvo S80 cutaway showing part of the SIPS system components
  • SIPS airbag
    SIPS airbag

See also

  • WHIPS (Whiplash Protection System)

References

  1. ^ "R&D milestones of the Volvo Group". www.volvogroup.com. Volvo Group. 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-06-16. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  2. ^ "Volvo '92: New model, new engine and a unique safety innovation". new.volvocars.com (Press release). Rockleigh, New Jersey: Volvo Cars of North America. 1992. Archived from the original on 2017-02-06. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  3. ^ "Produktinformation - tidigare Volvomodeller". www.volvocars.com (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  4. ^ "Volvo 1992 Tech & Spec". www.oocities.org. Volvo Cars of North America. 1992. Archived from the original on 2015-07-12. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  5. ^ "History of Volvo". www.swedecar.com. Archived from the original on 2011-08-29. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  6. ^ a b "SIPS: A unique safety solution from Volvo" (PDF). www.volvoclub.org.uk. Volvo Car Corporation. October 1991. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-08-04. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  7. ^ "Status Report Vol.31 No.8" (PDF). www.iihs.org. IIHS. 28 September 1996. p. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-05-14. Retrieved 2018-04-13.
  8. ^ "The new 960 from Volvo - an unexpected experience". new.volvocars.com (Press release). Rockleigh, New Jersey: Volvo Cars of North America. 1995. Archived from the original on 2017-02-06. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  9. ^ "It is an agile, exciting sports sedan. And by the way, it's also a Volvo!". new.volvocars.com (Press release). Rockleigh, New Jersey: Volvo Cars of North America. 1993. Archived from the original on 2017-02-06. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  10. ^ Paul Dean (9 October 1992). "1993 Volvo 850". www.cars.com. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 2017-10-09. Retrieved 2017-10-09.
  11. ^ "The 850 GLT: A new Volvo and more". new.volvocars.com (Press release). Rockleigh, New Jersey: Volvo Cars of North America. 1992. Archived from the original on 2017-02-06. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  12. ^ "Volvo's innovative 850 features- four new patents". new.volvocars.com (Press release). Rockleigh, New Jersey: Volvo Cars of North America. 1992. Archived from the original on 2017-02-06. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  13. ^ a b c "Second-Generation Sips-Bag protects both chest and head". www.volvogroup.com. Volvo Group. 17 July 1998. Archived from the original on 2015-02-21. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  14. ^ "Safety". www.volvocars.com. Volvo Cars of North America. 1997. Archived from the original on 1998-02-02. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  15. ^ a b USDOT (7 June 1999). "PE99-040" (PDF). static.nhtsa.gov (ODI investigation). NHTSA. pp. 2, 24. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-01-29. Retrieved 2018-01-29.
  16. ^ Peter C. T. Elsworth (2 October 1994). "The First Side-Impact Air Bags: How Volvo's System Works". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2017-02-24. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  17. ^ "Volvo announces side-impact airbags - a world safety first". new.volvocars.com (Press release). Rockleigh, New Jersey: Volvo Cars of North America. 1993. Archived from the original on 2017-02-06. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  18. ^ "Eine Beilage der Berner Zeitung BZ (Nr. 106)" [A supplement of the Berner Newspaper BZ (Nr. 106)] (PDF). www.gpbern.ch (in Swiss High German). BZ. 8 May 1995. p. 13. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-08-26. Retrieved 2017-10-09.
  19. ^ "Volvo lights the way to safety - 100% of Volvos have DRL's". new.volvocars.com (Press release). Rockleigh, New Jersey: Volvo Cars of North America. 1994. Archived from the original on 2017-02-06. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  20. ^ Jim Mateja (22 August 1994). "And Now, From Volvo, The Side-impact Air Bag". Chicago Tribune. Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 2017-10-09. Retrieved 2017-10-09.
  21. ^ "Gefährdungspotential durch mechanischen SIPS-Seiten-Airbag" [Dangers of mechanical SIPS side airbag]. www.technische-hilfeleistung.info (in German). 20 May 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-06-20. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  22. ^ "Status Report Vol.31 No.4" (PDF). www.iihs.org. IIHS. 4 May 1996. pp. 2–3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-04-13. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
  23. ^ "Engineering and technological innovation are hallmarks of the 1999 Volvo line-up". new.volvocars.com (Press release). Rockleigh, New Jersey: Volvo Cars of North America. October 1998. Archived from the original on 2007-11-02. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
  24. ^ "Airbags". new.volvocars.com (Owner's manual). Volvo Car Corporation. 2005. pp. 12–14. Archived from the original on 2011-06-29. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  25. ^ "Status Report Vol.32 No.10" (PDF). www.iihs.org. IIHS. 27 December 1997. pp. 1–3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-09-22. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
  26. ^ "All New Volvo S80: Style, Sophistication, Safety and Scandinavian". www.media.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 28 February 2006. Archived from the original on 2017-03-02. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
  27. ^ Jakobsson, Lotta; Lindman, Magdalena; Svanberg, Bo; Carlsson, Henrik (2010). "Real World Data Driven Evolution of Volvo Cars' Side Impact Protection Systems and their Effectiveness". Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine / Annual Scientific Conference. 54: 127–136. ISSN 1943-2461. PMC 3242537. PMID 21050597.
  28. ^ "ALL-NEW VOLVO V70: Takes Safety to New Heights". www.media.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 1 February 2007. Archived from the original on 2018-07-30. Retrieved 2018-05-24.
  29. ^ Cite error: The named reference montegointro was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  30. ^ Cite error: The named reference Volvostruc2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  31. ^ Richard Truett (January 4, 2004). "2004 Detroit: Three new Fords have touches of Volvo: Influence shows in platform, safety". Autoweek.

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