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The Ship Security Alert System (SSAS) is provided to a ship for the purpose of transmitting a security alert to the shore to indicate to a competent authority (typically the ship's flag State) that the security of the ship is under threat or has been compromised.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] In case of a security incident, that may include attempted or actual piracy, terrorism,^[5] armed robbery and similar attacks, the ship's SSAS can be activated by the Master and responsible members of the crew to continuously send silent alerts to the flag State, as well as predefined recipients that include the ship's owner (company).^[6] The SSAS therefore forms an integral part of the security system for almost all merchant ships.^[1]

Requirement

The SOLAS Convention (Chapter XI-2, Regulation 6) which enforces the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code on maritime security requires all ships over 500 GT to be equipped with an SSAS.^[1]^[3]^[7] Only exception are non-passenger vessels of less than 500 GT constructed before 1 July 2004.^[8]

Operation

Technically, the SSAS consists of a GPS receiver linked to a transmitter, a power supply, software and activation buttons.^[9]

There must be at least two independent activation points on the ship, one on the navigation bridge and the other(s) in places immediately accessible by the crew.^[10] This may include the engine room, master's cabin or the crew lounge. The locations of the SSAS activation points and relevant procedure for use must be detailed in the ship's security plan (also required by the ISPS Code).^[11] The activation points must be so designed that they cannot be inadvertently activated.^[3]

When the ship is under attack, the crew can activate the SSAS beacon by pressing a button which automatically sends a message, usually SMS or email, over satellite connection to predefined recipients such as the ship owner, fleet manager and flag state. An SSAS report contains the ship name, unique identification numbers like MMSI, IMO number and call sign, the date and time, the ship's current position, speed and course. No audible or visible alarm is generated while the SSAS report is being transmitted to prevent discovery of the report by the intruders. Equally an overt radio/phone acknowledgment of the alert is also not made incase it poses a threat to crew if they have been captured.^[10] Once the SSAS button is pressed, the alert will be continuously transmitted to the recipients unless it is reset or deactivated. An SSAS beacon operates with similar principles to the aircraft transponder emergency code 7500.^[12]

The alert receivers (the ship's flag State) are obliged to inform the national authorities of the coastal states where the ship is sailing, so that help from nearby coastal State security forces can be dispatched to the location of the ship.^[10]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Herbert-Burns, Rupert; Bateman, Sam; Lehr, Peter (2008-09-24). Lloyd's MIU Handbook of Maritime Security. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-04-008124-2.
^ McNicholas, Michael (2016-03-19). Maritime Security. Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 431. ISBN 978-0-12-803673-0.
^ ^a ^b ^c Dickie, John W (2014-05-08). Reeds 21st Century Ship Management. London: A&C Black. p. 111. ISBN 978-1-4729-0068-5.
^ "Resolution MSC.136(76) Performance Standards For A Ship Security Alert System" (PDF). International Maritime Organization. 11 December 2002. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
^ Bowley, Robin (2022-12-23). Preventing Terrorist Attacks at Sea. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-000-81140-7.
^ Cartner, John A. C.; Fiske, Richard; Leiter, Tara (2013-03-01). The International Law of the Shipmaster. Routledge. p. 107. ISBN 978-1-136-65397-1.
^ Corbett, Peter; Hill, Peter (2009). A Modern Plague of Pirates. East Mersea: Captain Peter Corbett. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-9562107-0-8.
^ "CHAPTER XI-2 Special Measures To Enhance Maritime Security" (PDF). Retrieved 10 December 2023.
^ "Do you know what a Ship Security Alert System is?". SAFETY4SEA. 22 January 2020. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c Kraska, James; Pedrozo, Raul (2013-04-15). International Maritime Security Law. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 489. ISBN 978-90-04-23357-7.
^ McNicholas, Michael (2016-03-19). Maritime Security. Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-12-803673-0.
^ "What is Ship Security Alert System (SSAS)?". Marine Insight. 28 June 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2023.

External links

Media related to Ship Security Alert System at Wikimedia Commons

[n419-1] Herbert-Burns, Rupert; Bateman, Sam; Lehr, Peter (2008-09-24). Lloyd's MIU Handbook of Maritime Security. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-04-008124-2.

[g667a-2] McNicholas, Michael (2016-03-19). Maritime Security. Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 431. ISBN 978-0-12-803673-0.

[e785-3] Dickie, John W (2014-05-08). Reeds 21st Century Ship Management. London: A&C Black. p. 111. ISBN 978-1-4729-0068-5.

[4] "Resolution MSC.136(76) Performance Standards For A Ship Security Alert System" (PDF). International Maritime Organization. 11 December 2002. Retrieved 10 December 2023.

[u819-5] Bowley, Robin (2022-12-23). Preventing Terrorist Attacks at Sea. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-000-81140-7.

[b495-6] Cartner, John A. C.; Fiske, Richard; Leiter, Tara (2013-03-01). The International Law of the Shipmaster. Routledge. p. 107. ISBN 978-1-136-65397-1.

[d642-7] Corbett, Peter; Hill, Peter (2009). A Modern Plague of Pirates. East Mersea: Captain Peter Corbett. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-9562107-0-8.

[xi2-8] "CHAPTER XI-2 Special Measures To Enhance Maritime Security" (PDF). Retrieved 10 December 2023.

[9] "Do you know what a Ship Security Alert System is?". SAFETY4SEA. 22 January 2020. Retrieved 10 December 2023.

[k925-10] Kraska, James; Pedrozo, Raul (2013-04-15). International Maritime Security Law. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 489. ISBN 978-90-04-23357-7.

[g667-11] McNicholas, Michael (2016-03-19). Maritime Security. Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-12-803673-0.

[12] "What is Ship Security Alert System (SSAS)?". Marine Insight. 28 June 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2023.

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PROFILPELAJAR.COM

Ship Security Alert System

Requirement

Operation

See also

References

External links

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