She (1965 film)

She
She
	American Theatrical release poster by Tom Chantrell
Directed by	Robert Day
Screenplay by	David T. Chantler
Based on	She: A History of Adventure; by H. Rider Haggard
Produced by	Michael Carreras
Starring	Ursula Andress; Peter Cushing; Bernard Cribbins; John Richardson; Rosenda Monteros; Christopher Lee
Cinematography	Harry Waxman
Edited by	James Needs; Eric Boyd-Perkins
Music by	James Bernard
Production; companies	Hammer Film Productions; Seven Arts Productions
Distributed by	Warner-Pathé Distributors (UK); Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (US)
Release dates	18 April 1965 (UK); 9 June 1965 (US)
Running time	106 minutes
Country	United Kingdom
Language	English
Budget	£323,778
Box office	$1,700,000 (US/ Canada rentals); 284,961 admissions (France); 1,346,650 admissions (Spain)

She is a 1965 British adventure film made by Hammer Film Productions in CinemaScope, based on the 1887 novel by H. Rider Haggard.^[4] It was directed by Robert Day and stars Ursula Andress, Peter Cushing, Bernard Cribbins, John Richardson, Rosenda Monteros, and Christopher Lee. The film was an international success and led to a 1968 sequel, The Vengeance of She, with Olinka Berova in the title role.

Plot

After receiving honourable discharges from the British Army in Palestine in 1918, Professor Holly, young Leo Vincey and their orderly Job embark on an expedition into a previously unexplored region of central-east Africa. They discover the lost city of Kuma after Leo receives a mysterious map revealing the city's whereabouts.

This lost realm is ruled by Ayesha, who is also known as "She-Who-Waits" and "She-Who-Must-Be-Obeyed." Ayesha is a beautiful, immortal queen, who believes Leo is the reincarnation of her former lover, the priest Kallikratees, whom she had killed two thousand years before when she found him in the intimate embrace of another woman. It was she who met with Leo in Palestine, giving him the map to Kuma, and urging him to travel there. Leo is filled with a dogged determination to do so, as he sees visions of Ayesha beckoning to him with outstretched arms.

After Leo has recovered from the journey to Kuma, Ayesha persuades him to bathe in the ceremonial fire that she had bathed in 2,000 years before by which she gained her immortality. One can bathe in the flame only when it has turned blue, which it does rarely for short periods of time when astronomical events coincide. Leo would then himself become immortal.

Meanwhile, Ayesha's army is attacked by her enslaved tribesmen, the Amahagger, who live outside Kuma. Ready to rebel against the queen's cruel tyranny they are incited to revolt by their leader, Haumeid, a citizen of Kuma, whose daughter Ustane dared to fall in love with Leo while nursing him back to health after his perilous journey to the city. The queen in jealousy has her cremated alive in the open molten lava pit before her throne. Her ashes are poured out in front of her outraged father, who cries out to the Amahagger for revenge. Although poorly equipped the Amahagger overcome Ayesha's army.

Leo himself is about to enter the blue ceremonial fire when Billali, Ayesha's high priest, demands to be allowed to enter it to gain immortality as well since he has served the queen unselfishly for many years. He is refused, so he pushes Leo aside in a scuffle that leaves Leo knocked out, opening his way to enter the blue flames. Ayesha kills him with a javelin to prevent this.

To overcome Leo's reluctance Ayesha takes him by the hand and leads him into the blue fire. Upon entering, Leo becomes immortal, but Ayesha's immortality is taken away, and she ages 2,000 years in minutes, dies, and crumbles into dust. Holly and Job have managed to get to Leo through the uprising, and Holly urges him to go once again into the fire to remove his immortality since a second time into the flames would do this as it had done to Ayesha. Unfortunately, the flame turns yellow again barring entry. The film ends with a despondent Leo vowing to wait for the fire to turn blue again that he might end the prospect of spending an eternity alone.

Cast

Ursula Andress as Ayesha
Peter Cushing as Holly
Bernard Cribbins as Job
John Richardson as Leo Vincey
Rosenda Monteros as Ustane
Christopher Lee as Billali
André Morell as Haumeid
Princess Soraya as Soraya

As of 2024, Ursula Andress is the last surviving leading cast member.

Production

The re-filming of the H. Rider Haggard novel – which had been filmed previously in 1908, 1911, 1916, 1917, 1925 and 1935^[5] – was the idea of Kenneth Hyman of Seven Arts Productions, who had a long-running relationship with Hammer Film Productions. Anthony Hinds commissioned a script from John Temple-Smith, and the lead role was assigned to Ursula Andress, known at that time for her role in the James Bond film Dr. No.^[6] She would thus become the first Hammer film to be built around a female star.^[6]

Hammer pitched the project to Disney, who turned it down. Hinds then arranged for Berkely Mather to write a script, but the project was turned down again by Universal, and then by Joseph E. Levine and American International Pictures. Hinds passed it over to Michael Carreras who got David T. Chantler to rewrite the script. Carreras succeeded in getting the film financed through MGM,^[1] with triple the usual budget for a Hammer film.^[6]

The film was announced in May 1964. Although Seven Arts had helped finance several Hammer films, this was the first one they had produced together.^[7]

John Richardson was cast after being spotted by Ray Stark of Seven Arts.^[8]

Principal photography commenced in southern Israel's Negev Desert on 24 August 1964, with scenes also shot at MGM's Elstree Studios near London when Hammer's Bray Studios proved to be too small for the project.^[6] It was the most expensive film Hammer had made up until that time,^[1] but on release, it was a hit both in North America and in Europe.^[6]

Although the studio was pleased with the look of Ursula Andress in the film – as lit by Harry Waxman and costumed by Carl Toms and Roy Ashton – they found her Swiss-German accent to be offputting, and had her entire part re-dubbed by actress Nikki van der Zyl, who had dubbed her in Dr. No.^[6]

Critical reception

The New York Times critic Bosley Crowther wrote of the film: "It lacks style, sophistication, humour, sense, and above all, a reason for being, since it isn't even as good (excepting that it is in colour) as the last remake of She done with Helen Gahagan in 1935".^[9] The British listings magazine, the Radio Times, gave the film three out of a possible five stars, observing that Ursula Andress "acquits herself better than you might expect", and concluding that "The African backdrops are easily matched by Swiss-born Andress's own brand of exotic beauty and, while there's plenty to criticise, there's also much to enjoy."^[10]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Bruce G. Hallenbeck, British Cult Cinema: Hammer Fantasy and Sci-Fi, Hemlock Books 2011 pp. 146–157
^ Anticipated rentals accruing distributors in North America. See "Top Grossers of 1965", Variety, 5 January 1966 p 36
^ Box office performance of Peter Cushing films in Europe at Box Office Story
^ "She". British Film Institute Collections Search. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
^ "H. Rider Haggard". IMDb.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Doll, Susan. "She (1965)" on TCM.com
^ A.H. WEILER (31 May 1964). "BY WAY OF REPORT". New York Times. ProQuest 115794781.
^ Watts, Stephen (1 November 1964). "ON BRITAIN'S BUSTLING FILM SCENE: 'Maggie May' Heads Toward Screen -- Blue Chip Bonds -- 'She' Returns". New York Times. p. X13.
^ Crowther, Bosley (2 September 1965). "Actress Plays Siren 2,000 Years Old". NY Times. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
^ Freedman, Peter. "She review". Radio Times. Retrieved 30 December 2018.