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Sh-2
Sh-2
General information
Type	Amphibious aircraft
Manufacturer	Zavod 23,; Zavod 31,; Aeroflot, and others
Designer	Vadim Borisovich Shavrov
Primary user	Soviet Air Forces (VVS)
Number built	700+
History
Manufactured	1934-1952
Introduction date	1933
First flight	11 November 1930
Retired	1964
Developed from	Sh-1

The Shavrov Sh-2 (later ASh-2)^[3] was a 1930s Soviet amphibious sesquiplane flying boat developed from the Sh-1, with a more powerful engine, slightly increased size and amphibious undercarriage. The Sh-2 could carry three people including the crew.

Design and development

The Shavrov Sh-2 was developed from the Sh-1 flying boat prototype, which had been built in Shavrov's apartment and which first flew on 21 June, 1929. The Sh-2 was a slight enlargement of the Sh-1, with some detail improvements.^[4]

The hull was primarily constructed of pine with the keel and longerons being ash, with a 3mm plywood skinning covering 25 frames, of which 4 were watertight bulkheads.^[3] The planing bottom was covered with 6mm plywood, and the entire structure was covered in doped fabric.^[3] The cockpit seated three, with a pilot and passenger in the front, both with controls, and an additional passenger behind them while cargo or additional fuel could be carried in the nose and under the seats.^[3] The wings formed a staggered sesquiplane, and the outer wing panels, which were given 3 degree of dihedral could be folded back along the fuselage.^[3] The centre section used the Kol'chugaliminum aluminium alloy and had a dead eye for hoisting onto ships.^[3] The small cantilevered lower wing served as attachment for the stabilizing floats. The cruciform tail had horn balanced elevators, while the rudder was slightly enlarged over that of the Sh-1.^[3] The undercarriage retracted by rotating forwards and up in an arc until the axle was level with the cockpit coaming, pulled into position with cables and springs.^[3] It could also be fitted with skis for winter operations from ice and snow, while some examples had the undercarriage removed, or weren't built with them.^[3] During 1950s, more powerful versions of M-11 were fitted, and some examples were modified with enclosed cabins.^[2]

Operational history

The prototype Sh-2, which had been built at Zavod No.23 in Leningrad made its first flight on November 11, 1930.^[2] State Acceptance trials were carried out through 1931, and were passed on 9 May, 1932, without problems, having previously passed its trials for Aeroflot, and series production began in 1933, with the first production batch of 270 being built at Zavod No.31 in Taganrog.^[2] Production eventually exceeded 700 aircraft, with the last examples being built in small workshops, in 1952.^[2] The Sh-2 remained in service until 1964^[2] and set a number of unofficial flying boat and seaplanes records.^{[citation needed]} The Sh-2 replaced the obsolete MU-1 floatplane, whose design dated from before World War One, with the Soviet Air Forces.^[2] Examples were operated from the SS Chelyuskin, Fyodor Litke and Krasin icebreakers as well as other vessels.^[2] One example was used as a glider tug for the Gribovsky G-16 hydrofoil flying boat glider prototype.^[2] Aeroflot was not only a major operator of the Sh-2, they also built them in their own workshops, including 30 to 35 in 1941.^[2]

On 28 August 1942, the Finns captured two Sh-2s and impressed them into service in the liaison role.^[1]

Variants

Sh-1: small flying boat home-built prototype
Sh-2: main production variant, used as a utility transport, for liaison, as mailplane, trainer, and flying ambulance, and for agriculture, fishery and forestry protection, ice reconnaissance and frontier patrol, as well as by many executive committees all over Russia.^[2]
Sh-2S: ambulance version, 16 built
Sh-2bis: version with glazed crew cabin and M-11L-engines

Operators

Finland

Finnish Air Force operated two captured examples^[1]

Soviet Union

Aeroflot operated large numbers from 1934 onwards^[2]
Glavryba directorate operated 9 for fisheries patrols from 1934 while the People's commissariat for fisheries operated 14 from 1941
Sanaviatsiya
Soviet Air Forces
- Maxim Gorky Agiteskadril (En: Maxim Gorky Propaganda Squadron) operated one example in 1934-1935^[2]

Specifications (Sh-2 amphibian)

Data from Soviet aircraft and aviation, 1917-1941 ^[5]

General characteristics

Crew: One
Capacity: 2 passengers
Length: 8.2 m (26 ft 11 in)
Upper wingspan: 13 m (42 ft 8 in)
Lower wingspan: 5.42 m (17 ft 9 in)
Height: 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in)
Wing area: 24.7 m² (266 sq ft)
Empty weight: 660 kg (1,455 lb)
Gross weight: 1,160 kg (2,557 lb)
Maximum load: 500 kg (1,100 lb)
Fuel capacity: 332 L (73 imp gal; 88 US gal) in three main 105 L (23 imp gal; 28 US gal) tanks and a 17 L (3.7 imp gal; 4.5 US gal) gravity tank
Powerplant: 1 × Shvetsov M-11 5-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 75 kW (100 hp)
Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller

Performance

Maximum speed: 139 km/h (86 mph, 75 kn)
Cruise speed: 120 km/h (75 mph, 65 kn)
Minimum control speed: 65 km/h (40 mph, 35 kn)
Range: 1,300 km (810 mi, 700 nmi)
Service ceiling: 3,350 m (10,990 ft)
Time to altitude: 8.9 minutes to 1,000 m (3,300 ft)

References

Citations

^ ^a ^b ^c Andersson, 1995, p.224
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Andersson, 1995, p.223
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Andersson, 1995, p.222
^ Andersson, 1995, p.221
^ Andersson, 1995, pp.222-224

Bibliography

Gunston, Bill (1995). The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft from 1875-1995. Osprey Aerospace. ISBN 1855324059.
Andersson, Lennart (1995). Soviet aircraft and aviation, 1917-1941. London, UK: Putnam. pp. 221–224. ISBN 978-0851778594.
Gunston, Bill (1983). Aircraft of the Soviet Union: The Encyclopaedia of Soviet aircraft since 1917. London, UK: Osprey. pp. 256–258. ISBN 978-0850454451.
Nemecek, Vaclav (1986). History of Soviet Aircraft 1918. London, UK: Willow Books. pp. 362–364. ISBN 978-0002180337.