Shanghai Metro rolling stock
The 01A01 and the 01A02 train (formerly known as DC01) are current rolling stocks used on the Line 1 of Shanghai Metro.[3] They are built by Adtranz and Siemens Mobility, with first delivery in 1992. These cars are numbered 92011–92241, 93011-93481, 94011-94241, 014352-014643, 14652 and 14663 (set 101–116).
Before the delivery of AC02 and AC03, DC01 trains were also assigned to the services of Line 2 and Line 3.[4]
Features
DC01 trains have livery in red and white. 01A01s' door indicators are LEDs instead of halogen lamps. The five-color indicators and grid lampshades are retained after expansion. All carriages have installed red LED scrolling displays to show the next station.[5]
01A02's carriage lampshades are white plastic boards instead of grids. The original destination blinds are changed into LED displays. All pneumatic doors converted into electric doors. Five-color indicators are removed and all carriages have installed yellow LED scrolling displays to show the next station.[6]
In the summer of 2006, after poor cooling affected 16 DC01s, high temperatures inside the carriages had long been a problem, 96 ice cubes have been put into a one-meter-high container to alleviate the high temperature of the 96 carriages. In order to make up for the defects in the refrigeration power and design of carriage, emergency measures must be taken whenever the temperature reaches 33 °C (91 °F) or more. With the transformation between 2006 and 2008 from 6 cars to 8 cars, the air conditioners were improved and modernized, making ice containers a thing of the past.[7][8]
DC01 has three types of carriages: Tc (Trailer car with driving cab), Mp (car with motors and pantograph) and M (car with motors only). All trains are formed as 8 carriages: Tc-Mp-M-Mp+M-Mp-M-Tc.[9]
Original sets
The initial contract included 96 carriages (16 sets), as the expected ridership of Line 1 in 1990s and 2000s only required 6-cars sets.This requirement also applied to two subsequent contracts, AC01 and AC04. Trains were formed as Tc-Mp-M+Mp-M-Tc.[10]
Expansion
CSR Zhuzhou Locomotive expanded 11 DC01 trains between 2007 and 2008. 10 trains (set 101, 103-110 and 114) each added 2 additional cars. They are from another 5 trains (set 111-113, 115 and 116). During the expansion, all cars' traction systems were changed from GTO chopper to IGBT-VVVF. Motors have also changed from DC to AC. Afterwards, these trains renamed DC01B.[10]
Set 102 was taken out of service due to the 2004 Tonghe Xincun station crash. After replacing car 92113 and changing of the traction systems and motors, set 102 renamed separately as DC01A and backed to service in September 2007.[11][12] It also needed to be expanded. Unlike DC01B, the expansion program for 102 is to order a batch of 2 new cars (14652 and 14663).[13] This set was backed to service in May 2011.
Between 2008 and 2009, a contract for DC01 from Shentong Metro includes a third batch of 30 cars to expand the remaining sets, 111-113, 115 and 116. During the expansion, 10 original cars (93371, 93421, 93431, 93481, 94011, 94061, 94131, 94181, 94191 and 94241) underwent an extensive renovation. Later, they were renamed as DC01C.[10]
Post-expansion
In 2014, all three types of DC01 trains renamed again. DC01A and DC01B renamed 01A01, DC01C renamed 01A02.[14]
Incident
Car 92113 wrecked on March 24, 2004, at the Tonghe Xincun station. 92113 was hit by car 99251. In 2007, it was stripped for removing parts, stored in the maintenance shop of Meilong Depot and replaced by the new carriage built by CSR Zhuzhou Locomotive.[12]
Withdrawal
After the second general overhaul for 01A01 trains, numerous structural failures and cracks found in these carriages in 2016. 80 carriages needed to be re-paired to repair and maintain service. After the repairing, 8 cars (93131, 93162, 93293, 93301, 93322, 93333, 93402 and 93413) were too faulty and used as spare parts sources.[15][14]
The 01A01s' expected lifespan was 26 years old for the structural issues. After received several minor structure repairings by 2019, the expected lifespan was extended to 35 years.[16][17][18][19] However, since the delivery of the 01A07 trains, demand for the 01A01s drastically lowered. By middle 2020, 01A01s' usages were gradually minimized, becoming a reserve fleet – rarely run regular service outside of peak hours.[20] 40 cars withdrew from service between 2020 and 2023.
The newer 92113, 93191–93222, 93361, 94142 and 94153 (set 108) are the first cars to be retired in July 2023.[21] 93191's odometer shows 3,000,456 km, reached the end of its life. Therefore, Shentong Metro decommissioned 93191. It was donated to Shanghai University of Engineering Science in October 2023. 92113, 93202–93222, 93361, 94142 and 94153 are also written off and stored in Fujin Road Yard.[22]
The shortest-lasting 01A01s were in service for just 9 years, car 14652 and 14663.[23] The newer car 92113 made its final run in April 2023, having been in service for just 16 years. Despite these cars are still able to operate and relatively newness, they never returned to service and remain in storage since ever the removal from service.
The remainder of the 32 01A01 cars are expected to be phased out by 2028 and replaced by 01A08s.[24][16] Since 2024 and 2025, they have received two rounds of structure repairing.[25][26]
Post-withdrawal modification
From 24 May 2024, the Shentong Metro launched a program to renovate 8 cars' (92131-92181, 94022 and 94033) electrical equipments.[27]
Refurbishment
By 2021, 01A02s were reassigned as a reserve fleet, as their original cars were aging and considered unreliable. They have to be taken out of service intermittently to receive maintenance.[28]
Several proposals for the disposal of 01A02s were put forward in 2023:[29]
- Rebuild and convert into track inspection trains.
- Decommission the entire fleet. Only keep one original car and preserve in Shanghai Metro Museum.
- Order the fourth batch of 10 new cars to replace 10 original ones.
- Refurbish all original cars and make expansion cars able to serve for at least 29 to 30 years.
Shentong Metro chose to refurbish all 01A02s for financial consideration. Renovation includes structural repairs, extend their lifespans for an additional 14 years. Refurbishment is expected to be completed by November 2025. Cars will be removed and transported to CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive for renovation and rebuild.[24][29] After the signalling upgrade, 01A02s will also be able to be assigned to Line 2 service again.[30]
Preservation and other uses
See also
References
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