Shams Pahlavi

Shams Pahlavi
Princess Shams in the 1940s
BornKhadijeh Pahlavi[1]
(1917-10-28)28 October 1917
Tehran, Sublime State of Iran
Died29 February 1996(1996-02-29) (aged 78)
Santa Barbara, California, United States
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1937; div. 1944)​
​
(m. 1945)​
IssueShahbaz Pahlbod
Shahyar Pahlbod
Shahrazad Pahlbod
HousePahlavi
FatherReza Shah
MotherTadj ol-Molouk

Shams Pahlavi (Persian: شمس پهلوی; (1917-10-28)28 October 1917 – (1996-02-29)29 February 1996) was an Iranian royal of the Pahlavi dynasty, who was the elder sister of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran. During her brother's reign she was the president of the Red Lion and Sun Society.[2]

Biography

Princess Shams was born in Tehran on 28 October 1917.[3] She was the elder daughter of Reza Shah and his consort Tadj ol-Molouk.[3]

Princess Shams and her husband Mehrdad Pahlbod in 1978

When the Second Eastern Women's Congress was arranged in Tehran in 1932, Shams Pahlavi served as its president and Sediqeh Dowlatabadi as its secretary.

On 8 January 1936, she and her mother and sister, Ashraf, played a major symbolic role in the Kashf-e hijab (the abolition of the veil) which was a part of the shah's effort to include women in public society, by participating in the graduation ceremony of the Tehran Teacher's College unveiled.[4]

Shams Pahlavi married Fereydoun Djam, son of then-prime minister of Iran Mahmoud Djam, under strict orders from her father in 1937, but the marriage was unhappy, and the couple divorced immediately after the death of Reza Shah.[3]

Following the deposition of Reza Shah after the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran in 1941, Shams and her husband accompanied her father during his exile to Port Louis, Mauritius, and later Johannesburg, South Africa.[5] She published her memoir of this trip in monthly installments in the Ettela'at newspaper in 1948.

She was deprived of her ranks and titles for a brief period of time after her second marriage to Mehrdad Pahlbod, and lived in the United States from 1945 to 1947. Later, a reconciliation with the court was achieved and the couple returned to Tehran only to leave again during the upheavals of the Abadan Crisis. She converted to Catholicism in the 1940s.[6] Princess Shams was persuaded to convert by Ernest Perron, the best friend of the Shah.[7] Her husband and children adopted Catholicism after her.

She dedicated most of her time developing the Red Lion and Sun Society (Iran's Red Cross), making it the country’s largest charitable organization.[8]

Santa Barbara Estate, 1981, California.

After returning to Iran following the 1953 coup which re-established the rule of her brother, she maintained a low public profile, contrary to that of her sister Princess Ashraf Pahlavi, and confined her activities to the management of the vast fortune she inherited from her father.

Pearl Palace, 2014, Iran.

In the late 1960s, she commissioned the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation architects to build her the Pearl Palace in Mehrshahr near Karaj, and Villa Mehrafarin in Chalous, Mazandaran, which was built during the 1970s.[9]

She left Iran for the United States after the Islamic Revolution. She and her family settled in Santa Barbara in 1984.[8] She died of cancer in her Santa Barbara estate in 1996.

Other roles

Honours

References

  1. ^ "Exemption from court fees in lawsuits against the heirs and relatives of the deceased king". Islamic Parliament Research Center of The Islamic Republic of IRAN (in Persian). Archived from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  2. ^ Mehdi Sharif (24 June 2002). "I cannot blame them". The Iranian. Retrieved 5 November 2012.
  3. ^ a b c "Shams Pahlavi". Fouman. Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
  4. ^ Guity Nashat (2004). "Introduction". In Lois Beck; Guity Nashat (eds.). Women in Iran from 1800 to the Islamic Republic. Urbana and Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-252-07189-8.
  5. ^ Shaul Bakhash (2019). "'This is a Prison…A Death in Life': Reza Shah's troubled exile on the Island of Mauritius". Middle Eastern Studies. 55 (1): 128. doi:10.1080/00263206.2018.1501681. S2CID 150341032.
  6. ^ Fakhreddin Azimi (2009). Quest for Democracy in Iran: A century of struggle against authoritarian rule. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 237. ISBN 978-0-674-02036-8.
  7. ^ Abbas Milani. (2011). The Shah , London: Macmillan, p. 49.
  8. ^ a b c d Archives, L. A. Times (3 March 1996). "Princess Shams Pahlavi; Red Cross Leader, Shah's Sister". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  9. ^ Mehrazan. "The Pearl Palace (Morvarid palace) - Contemporary Architecture of Iran". www.caoi.ir. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
Non-profit organization positions
Preceded by Chairwoman of the Iranian Red Lion and Sun Society
1949–1979 		Succeeded by