Selborne Society

The Selborne Society or Selborne League is Britain's oldest national conservation organization and a registered charity.[1] It was formed in November 1885 to "perpetuate the name and interests of Gilbert White, the Naturalist of Selborne", and followed the philosophy of observation rather than collection. Its object was the preservation of birds, plants and pleasant places.[2]

The society was founded by George Arthur Musgrave (1843 – 29 August 1912) and his wife Theresa of Torquay in Devon and it was inspired by Gilbert White's well-known book, The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne.[3] It amalgamated with the Plumage League which had been founded by the Reverend Francis Orpen Morris and Lady Mount Temple in January 1886[3] with the full title of the Selborne Society for the Preservation of Birds, Plants and Pleasant Places while the campaigners against the use of birds for fashion formed the Plumage Section with royal patronage from Princess Christian, daughter of Queen Victoria.[3] From 1887 it started producing the Selborne Letters as well as the Selborne Magazine. The organization became more organized after a meeting held on 26 January 1888, when Alfred, Lord Tennyson was appointed as president. The aim of "education" was added at this meeting. The Selborne Magazine was retitled as Nature Notes from 1890 under the editorship of Percy Myles and James Britten. After Britten's death in 1897 the editor was G. S. Boulger.[3][4] The Parkinson Society founded in 1884 by Juliana Horatia Ewing to encourage wild gardening and the survival of endangered species also merged into the Selborne Society.[5]

Cover of Nature Notes (1890)

Robert Hunter and Hardwicke Rawnsley, members of the Society, joined Octavia Hill to form the National Trust in 1895 to preserve "pleasant places". The Plumage League spawned similar groups like the Society for the Protection of Birds in Didsbury, Manchester, and the "Fur, Fin and Feather Folk" in Croydon. These two merged in May 1891 to become the Society for Protection of Birds, which became the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds in 1904. From 1919 to 1939 the role of education became a primary one and the society went beyond natural history to become a lecture bureau that covered science, history and exploration.[6]

Activities

Historically, the Selborne Society worked with the local legislature to encourage policies on conservation and environmentalism. It was one of the first organizations to raise public awareness in England concerning environmental issues, and acted as a leading example to international movements such as the American Ornithological Society. Although the Society originated from Selborne, it gained national popularity and soon established branches across the United Kingdom.[7]

Today, the Selborne Society owns and operates Perivale Wood Local Nature Reserve in London.

Reserves

The Selborne Society purchased local land enclosures for posterity in cultivating rare animal and plant wildlife. Volunteers were enlisted to maintain the enclosures and to report on the progress of reclaiming endangered species from extinction. In 1923, land in the Perivale Wood was purchased and memorialized to Gilbert White by an anonymous donor for approximately £5000. This reserve now houses more than 600 species of fungi, nearly 300 species of plant life, and has been visited by over 100 species of birds, including rare species like the northern gannet. Preservation also spanned into buildings of cultural importance, such as Tintern Abbey.[8][9]

Preservation of the natural landscape was also advocated by the Selborne Society, such as lauding the actions of the Hills Conservators who purchased a quarry in Malvern Hills to prevent the mountain range's disfigurement. Afforestation of East Anglia was also encouraged, as shown by the Society's approval of the region's progressive woodland farmers who cultivated quick-growing willow trees.[9]

Protests

The Society actively utilized legal pressure to further their goals in protecting the environment. Rampant advertising, the draining of marshes, and the hunting of rare birds were often the target of criticism for the League. In 1893, the Society drafted an advertisement regulation bill to the local parliament and suggested boycotting commodities advertised offensively. In 1903, The Society hired paid inspectors to investigate 1,298 cases of smoke pollution and report these to the local authorities. Protests also surfaced through public outcry in the Society's published magazine, usually in the form of letters to the editor.[7][10]

Trophy hunters were also another target for the Society's protest. In 1901, articles produced by the Nature Notes pushed for the protection of badgers and polecats which were hunted to endangered levels in the English countryside. Plume hunters also faced heavy criticism for over hunting of the wood-warbler and goldcrest species of birds.[11]

Lectures

The Selborne Society sponsored free public lectures to further awareness of environmental preservation. Led by doctorate intellectuals in England, the lecture topics spanned botany, ornithology, zoology, and geological history.[9]

Magazines

The Selborne Society published a members-only magazine for nearly three decades.[12]

Nature Notes

Nature Notes was first published in January 1890.

The magazine acted as a record of progress in the knowledge of natural objects and environmental awareness. Its editors combined scientific accuracy with digestible topics to further the Society's goal of informing the public of environmental issues of international policies, laws, or other concerns that could threaten natural species. Abstracts of scientific reports, correspondence between noted authorities, and sketch competitions were utilized to encourage public interest in environmental pursuits. Poems, letters, and observations of the environment were published from the Society's members and local hobbyists. Editors also provided reviews of local and international conservation movements, critiquing their contributions to the global environmentalist efforts.[8][9]

International response

The Selborne Society acted as a model for international environmental movements. The American Audubon Society and American Ornithologists' Union Committee on Bird-Protection cited the Selborne Society as the main model for addressing environmental awareness in the United States. The Society also published international correspondence in its magazine from botanist and zoologist enthusiasts across Europe and as distant as Ceylon, India.[9]

Finances

The Selborne Society was funded almost exclusively by its members; in 1900, over 90% of the society's annual income of £41 came from subscriptions and donations, worth a total of $30,486 when adjusted for inflation. By 1924, over 60% of the society's income came from the sales of Nesting Boxes and Bird Baths. The World Wars had a drastic impact on the Society's income due to the necessity of the war effort, forcing many of its branches to cease function by the 1950s.[9]

References

  1. ^ "THE SELBORNE SOCIETY LIMITED, registered charity no. 267635". Charity Commission for England and Wales.
  2. ^ Musgrave, George A. (1893). "The Selborne Society". The Irish Naturalist. 2: 123–126.
  3. ^ a b c d Michael Blackmore (1985), The Selborne Society. Its Origin and History (PDF), The Selborne Society
  4. ^ Clarke, Richard (2004). Pioneers of conservation; The Selborne Society and the (Royal) Society for Preservation of Birds. The Selborne Society and Birkbeck College CEPAR, London, UK.
  5. ^ Greenway, Betty, ed. (2013). Twice-Told Children's Tales: The Influence of Childhood Reading on Writers for Adults. Routledge. p. 198.; Horatia K.F. Eden, "Preface" in J. H. Ewing, Mary's Meadow (1895) pp. ix-x
  6. ^ Clarke, Richard (2005). Informal adult education between the wars: the curious case of the Selbourne Lecture Bureau. FCE Occasional Paper No.6 (PDF). Birkbeck, University of London. ISBN 0907904246.
  7. ^ a b "The American Ornithologists' Union Committee on Bird-Protection". Science. 7: 205. 1886 – via JSTOR.
  8. ^ a b Webb, Wilfred (1913). "The Nature Reserve Movement in Britain". Journal of Ecology. 1 (1): 46. doi:10.2307/2255459. JSTOR 2255459.
  9. ^ a b c d e f "Nature Notes". The Selborne Society. 1900. hdl:2027/mdp.39015048715703. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  10. ^ Ranlett, John (1983). "Checking Nature's Desecration: Late-Victorian Environmental Organization". Victorian Studies. 26: 197–222 – via JSTOR.
  11. ^ Musgrave, George (1901). "Nature Notes". Selborne Magazine. 12: 122–123 – via HathiTrust.
  12. ^ Boulger, Simonds (1890). The Selborne maganzine and "Nature notes,": the organ of the Selborne society. London: Sotheran & Co.: Selborne Society.

Read other articles:

Changdeokgung Huwon

Kolam Buyong di Huwon. Changdeokgung Huwon adalah taman belakang (huwon) Istana Changdeok dan merupakan taman utama bergaya Joseon.[1][2] Taman ini memiliki luas 74 are dan terdiri atas bentang alam berbentuk dataran bergelombang dengan 35 buah bangunan besar dan kecil, 7 buah kolam buatan serta hutan lebat dan aliran-aliran mata air.[1] Dari kesemua rancangan ini, hanya 1% saja yang dibuat oleh manusia. Saat tim UNESCO memasukkan Istana Changdeok sebagai Situs Warisan...

 

James Beal (cricketer)

Australian cricketer James BealPersonal informationBorn(1830-05-26)26 May 1830Sydney, AustraliaDied24 August 1904(1904-08-24) (aged 74)Milton, Queensland, AustraliaSource: ESPNcricinfo, 22 December 2016 James Charles Beal (26 May 1830 – 24 August 1904) was an Australian cricketer.[1] He played one first-class match for New South Wales in 1856,[2] which was the first Intercolonial cricket match between Victoria and New South Wales.[3] Beal was educated at St....

 

Battle of Hoogstraten

Battle of HoogstratenPart of the War of the Sixth CoalitionMedal made for the Congress of Vienna in October 1813, including the Battle of HoogstratenDate11 January 1814[1]LocationHoogstraten, then part of the French Empire (now Belgium)51°24′N 4°46′E / 51.400°N 4.767°E / 51.400; 4.767Result Coalition victory[1]Belligerents French Empire Prussia United Kingdom RussiaCommanders and leaders François Roguet Friedrich von Bülow Thomas Graham Ferdi...

Daeng Muhammad

Daeng Muhammad BiografiKelahiran4 Juni 1972 (51 tahun)Bekasi Anggota DPR-RI 1r Oktober 2019 – 30 September 2024 Masa parlemen: Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia periode 2019-2024 Daerah pemilihan: Jawa Barat VII Terpilih dalam: Pemilihan umum legislatif Indonesia 2019 Anggota DPR-RI 1r Oktober 2014 – 30 September 2019 Masa parlemen: Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia periode 2014-2019 Daerah pemilihan: Jawa Barat VII Terpilih dalam: Pemilihan umum legislatif Ind...

 

المحكمة العليا (السعودية)

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع المحكمة العليا (توضيح). المحكمة العليا تفاصيل الوكالة الحكومية البلد السعودية  المركز الرياض،  السعودية الإدارة الوزراء المسؤولون خالد اللحيدان تعديل مصدري - تعديل   صورة للمحكمة العامة (جنوب الرياض) التقطت ليلا مبنى المحكمة العامة بجانب ال...

 

Kenorland

Kenorland sekitar 2.5 miliar tahun yang lalu. Kenorland sekitar 2,3 miliar tahun yang lalu. Kenorland adalah salah satu superbenua paling awal yang diketahui di bumi. Superbenua ini terbentuk sekitar 2,72 miliar tahun lalu selama periode Neoarkean dan pada pertengahan era Prakambrium, dan berakhir pada sekitar 2,11 miliar tahun lalu pada periode Paleoproterozoikum. Kenorland sendiri merupakan salah satu Superbenua tertua di dunia setelah Vaalbara (3600 juta tahun lalu). Hingga pembentukan Ken...

V/STOL

RAF Harrier GR9 tiba di RIAT 2008 Sebuah V-22 Osprey dari Korps Marinir bersiap mendarat di sebuah kapal Peswat Vertical and/or Short Take-Off and Landing (V/STOL) adalah pesawat yang mampu lepas landas dan mendarat secara vertikal atau di landasan pacu pendek. Pesawat lepas landas dan mendarat vertikal (VTOL) adalah bagian dari pesawat V / STOL yang tidak memerlukan landasan pacu sama sekali. Umumnya, pesawat V / STOL harus bisa melayang. Helikopter tidak termasuk dalam klasifikasi V / STOL ...

 

Isidore the Laborer

11th and 12th-century Spanish farmer and saint SaintIsidore the LaborerSaint Isidore the FarmerConfessorBornc. 1070 or 1082[1]Madrid, Taifa of ToledoDied15 May 1130 (aged 59) or 1172Madrid, Kingdom of CastileVenerated inRoman Catholic ChurchAnglican CommunionAglipayan ChurchBeatified2 May 1619, Rome by Pope Paul VCanonized12 March 1622, Rome by Gregory XVFeast15 May;[2] 25 October; 22 MarchAttributesPortrayed as a peasant holding a sickle and a sheaf of corn, a sick...

 

Renewable energy in the United States

Map of major renewable energy resources in the contiguous United States. Renewable energy sources in 2022. Renewables were 8.4% of total energy, or 8.3 quads.[1]   Biomass (61.1%)  Wind (17.8%)  Hydro (10.5%)  Solar (9.2%)  Geothermal (1.4%) Renewable electricity sources in 2022. Renewables were 21% of total electricity, or 907 TWh.[2]   Wind (45.1%)  Hydro (26.5%)  Solar (21.3%)  Biomas...

Lietukis-massakern

Massakern vid Lietukis garageanläggning i Kaunas. En av bödlarna. Lietukis-massakern syftar på en massaker på sextioåtta litauiska judar, vilken förövades den 27 juni 1941 vid Lietukis garageanläggning i östra Kaunas i Litauen. Bakgrund Den 22 juni 1941 inledde Nazityskland Operation Barbarossa, anfallet på den tidigare bundsförvanten Sovjetunionen. I kölvattnet på de tyska arméerna följde särskilda mobila insatsstyrkor, Einsatzgruppen, vilka hade till uppgift att mörda judar...

 

Podaa Podi

2012 film directed by Vignesh Shivan Podaa PodiTheatrical release posterDirected byVignesh ShivanWritten byVignesh ShivanProduced by V. Hitesh Jhabak (presenter) Padam Kumar Meenu Kumar Starring Silambarasan Varalaxmi Sarathkumar Cinematography Duncan Telford J. Laxman R. Rathnavelu Edited byAnthonyMusic byDharan KumarProductioncompanyGemini Film CircuitDistributed byNemichand JhabakRelease date 13 November 2012 (2012-11-13) Running time125 minutesCountryIndiaLanguageTamil Poda...

 

Mario Botta

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento architetti è priva o carente di note e riferimenti bibliografici puntuali. Commento: niente note Sebbene vi siano una bibliografia e/o dei collegamenti esterni, manca la contestualizzazione delle fonti con note a piè di pagina o altri riferimenti precisi che indichino puntualmente la provenienza delle informazioni. Puoi migliorare questa voce citando le fonti più precisamente. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Mario Botta al Festiv...

KBUL (AM)

Radio station in Billings, Montana KBULBillings, MontanaBroadcast areaBillings Metropolitan AreaFrequency970 kHzBrandingNews Talk 103.3FM 970AMProgrammingFormatNews/talkAffiliationsFox News RadioCompass Media NetworksPremiere NetworksWestwood OneOwnershipOwnerTownsquare Media(Townsquare License, LLC)Sister stationsKCHH, KCTR-FM, KKBR, KMHKHistoryFirst air dateMarch 20, 1951 (1951-03-20) (as KOOK)Former call signsKOOK (1951–1985)KBIT (1985–1988)KCTR (1988–1994)KDWG (1994�...

 

Manor, Texas

City in Texas, United StatesManor, TexasCityManor City HallLocation of Manor, TexasCoordinates: 30°20′35″N 97°33′24″W / 30.34306°N 97.55667°W / 30.34306; -97.55667CountryUnited StatesStateTexasCountyTravisFounded1872Incorporated1913Government • MayorChristopher Harvey • City ManagerScott MooreArea[1] • Total9.83 sq mi (25.45 km2) • Land9.80 sq mi (25.39 km2) • ...

 

Parallel World (Cadence Weapon album)

2021 studio album by Cadence WeaponParallel WorldStudio album by Cadence WeaponReleasedApril 30, 2021StudioDream House StudiosGenreCanadian hip hopLength26:24ProducerJacques Greene, Jimmy Edgar, Martyn Bootyspoon, Casey MQ, Korea Town Acid, Strict Face, Little Snake, DNNY PHNTM, AudioOperaCadence Weapon chronology Cadence Weapon(2018) Parallel World(2021) Parallel World is the fifth studio album by Cadence Weapon, nee Roland Pemberton, released April 30, 2021.[1] The album was...

Tengyō

Period of Japanese history (938–947 CE) Part of a series on theHistory of Japan ListPaleolithicbefore 14,000 BCJōmon14,000 – 1000 BCYayoi 1000 BC – 300 ADKofun 300 AD – 538 ADAsuka 538 – 710Nara 710 – 794HeianFormer Nine Years' WarLater Three-Year WarGenpei War 794–1185KamakuraJōkyū WarMongol invasionsGenkō WarKenmu Restoration 1185–1333MuromachiNanboku-chō periodSengoku period 1336–1573Azuchi–Momoyama Nanban tradeImjin WarBattle of Sek...

 

Ernst Krenek

Austrian/American composer (1900–1991) Ernst KrenekErnst Krenek in 1937BornErnst Heinrich Křenek(1900-08-23)23 August 1900Vienna, Austria-HungaryDied22 December 1991(1991-12-22) (aged 91)Palm Springs, California, U.S. Ernst Heinrich Krenek (Czech: [ˈkr̝ɛnɛk], 23 August 1900 – 22 December 1991) was an Austrian, later American, composer. He explored atonality and other modern styles and wrote a number of books, including Music Here and Now (1939), a study of Johannes Ockeg...

 

Clara Parker (sternwheeler)

American steamboat Advertisement for Clara Parker, published in the Daily Morning Astorian, April 14, 1888. History NameClara Parker, later, Astorian OwnerHiram Bliss Parker; Jacob Kamm; others RouteYoungs River, lower Columbia and lower Willamette rivers LaunchedMay 14, 1881, at Astoria, Oregon CompletedJune 2, 1881 In service1881 Out of service1903 IdentificationClara Parker: US #125915; Astorian: US #106798 FateSank at mooring while out of service, April 1908; hull raised, machinery remove...

Quora

この記事は更新が必要とされています。この記事には古い情報が掲載されています。編集の際に新しい情報を記事に反映させてください。反映後、このタグは除去してください。（2016年1月） Quora, Inc. 企業形態 プライベート本社 アメリカ合衆国 カリフォルニア州マウンテンビュー事業地域 世界創業者 アダム・ディアンジェロチャーリー・シーヴァー（英語版）主要人...

 

Markus Schiegl

Markus SchieglNazionalità Austria Altezza178 cm Peso73 kg Slittino SpecialitàDoppio SquadraSV Langkampfen Termine carriera2010 Palmarès Competizione Ori Argenti Bronzi Mondiali 5 5 4 Europei 0 2 6 Mondiali juniores 0 2 1 Trofeo Vittorie Coppa del Mondo juniores - Doppio 1 trofeo Vedi maggiori dettagliStatistiche aggiornate al 6 luglio 2013 Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale Markus Schiegl (Kufstein, 7 giugno 1975) è un ex slittinista austriaco specializzato nel doppio. Gar...