Second Battle of Pyramid Lake

Second Battle of Pyramid Lake
Part of Pyramid Lake War

Truckee River Gorge, site of the battle
DateJune 2–4, 1860
Location
Result U.S. victory
Belligerents
 United States Paiute
Commanders and leaders
John C. Hays
Joseph Stewart
Numaga[1][2]
Strength
544 volunteers[3]
"Washoe Regiment"
207 Regulars[3]
6th U.S. Infantry
3rd U.S. Artillery
300 Paiute warriors[4]
Casualties and losses
3 killed[4]
5 wounded[4]
25 killed[4]
about 20 wounded[4]

The Second Battle of Pyramid Lake (also known as the Battle of Truckee River) took place in response to the U.S. defeat at the First Battle of Pyramid Lake. A well-organized force of militia and regulars, under the capable leadership of famed Texas Ranger Col. John C. "Jack" Hays, defeated the Paiute warriors under Chief Numaga. This was the final engagement of the Pyramid Lake War of 1860.

Background

On May 6, 1860, a band of Paiutes raided Williams Station along the Carson River, near present-day Silver Springs, Nevada, killing three white settlers at the station. In response, Major William Ormsby led a group of vigilantes from Carson City and Virginia City against the Paiutes near Pyramid Lake. The vigilante force was ingloriously defeated and Ormsby was killed. This defeat prompted local settlers to send a call for help to nearby California.[4]

Prelude

Colonel John C. Hays responded to the call and traveled to Carson City to organize a regiment of 500 volunteers, whom he dubbed the "Washoe Regiment". Another 165 volunteers came from the nearby California communities of Placerville, Sacramento, Nevada City and Downieville. Hays then marched his regiment to Virginia City.[4]

The U.S. Army also responded to the call. Captain Joseph Stewart left Fort Alcatraz with 144 Regulars from the 3rd U.S. Artillery and 6th U.S. Infantry regiments. Stewart arrived in Carson City to await further developments.[4] In the meantime, Hays had marched out of Virginia City to Williams Station, where he skirmished with 150 Paiutes before the warriors pulled back to Pyramid Lake.

The Paiutes returned to their village at Pyramid Lake near the mouth of the Truckee River. They sent their women and children into the Black Rock Desert as a protective measure.

Battle

Colonel "Jack" Hays led the volunteer forces.

Colonel Hays retraced Ormsby's path along the Truckee River and encamped near present-day Wadsworth. There, Captain Stewart joined the volunteers with Colonel Hays in overall command.

On June 2, the battle began[5] when Hays sent out an advance party of two companies, while the main force moved eight miles downriver from their camp, much more cautiously than Ormsby had before. The advance party, moving toward the Paiute village, encountered the remains of Ormsby's command on the previous battlefield that remained unburied.[3] The Paiutes then made a rapid advance upon the soldiers in the shape of a wedge. The advance party made a hasty withdrawal.

Colonel Hays selected an ideal location to make a stand. It was a narrow canyon, about a mile wide, anchored to the west by steep mountains of the Virginia Range. To the east ran the Truckee River. Both geographical features prevented any flanking maneuver by the natives. A rocky butte lay in the center of the field. To the west of this butte, rain had cut lateral gullies into the sandy ground, providing natural breastworks, which either side could have used to make successive stands in the case he was forced to retreat.[3]

Numaga was the Paiute high chief.

The Paiute charge had taken possession of the butte and now extended their own line from the river well into the rocks of the mountains to the west. The Paiutes had advanced so quickly that all geographical features advantageous to the fight were now in their hands. The soldiers were forced to deploy on level ground to the south. Captain Stewart deployed his regulars in a skirmish line to the west of the butte along the base of the mountains, while the volunteers formed to the east along the river.

Captain Edward Farris Storey and Captain J. B. Van Hagan, commanding two companies of volunteers from Virginia City and California, respectively, decided to make a charge against the butte even before Hays got the entire main force in place. Storey and Van Hagan succeeded in seizing the butte and for a short time were subjected to flanking fire as the natives began to surround them from the river bank and mountain slopes. This forward position was relieved as Hays advanced the main body forward. Stewart drove the warriors from the mountain slopes while Hays and the volunteers steadily advanced along the river. Eventually, the two sides maintained a continuous line of battle opposing each other roughly a mile long.[3]

The battle continued for some time, with neither side gaining a clear advantage. After fighting for nearly three hours, the Paiutes finally retreated up the canyon toward the lake.[4]

On June 4, Captain Stewart took up pursuit of the natives coming upon the abandoned village at the mouth of the Truckee River. Colonel Hays followed Stewart northward in pursuit. On June 5, Hays sent a group of scouts through a canyon northeast of Pyramid Lake. These scouts were ambushed and Private William Allen was killed. He was the last casualty of the war.

Aftermath

Fort Churchill was built in the aftermath of the battle.

Shortly after Allen's death, Colonel Hays returned with the Washoe Regiment to Carson City, where he disbanded the regiment. Major Ormsby's body was temporarily interred where it lay near Pyramid Lake, but was later moved to a cemetery in Carson City. Captain Storey, who was mortally wounded in the battle, was buried in Virginia City. Both Ormsby and Storey had Nevada counties named after them.

Captain Stewart stayed in the Pyramid Lake area for a few more weeks, but the Paiutes never returned.[4] His soldiers eventually built several earthen forts around the lake. Stewart abandoned these forts in favor of a larger fort along the Carson River. Stewart began construction in 1861 and named the post Fort Churchill.

Battlefield

The battle site is located within the Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation. Except for Nevada State Route 447 and a former railroad, the landscape is relatively the same as it was in 1860.[6] Nevada Historical Marker #148 is located near the intersection of S.R. 447 and Chicken Road on what would have been the north end of the battlefield. The marker, titled "The Two Battles of Pyramid Lake", describes both battles.[7]

References

  1. ^ Charles McDermitt Museum, Fort Churchill State Historic Park.
  2. ^ Sand in a Whirlwind: the Paiute Indian War of 1860
  3. ^ a b c d e Myron, Angel (1881). "Indians and Their Wars in Nevada". History of Nevada; with illustrations and biographical sketches of its prominent men and pioneers. pp. 158–165. Archived from the original on February 23, 2012.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Michno, Gregory (2003). Encyclopedia of Indian Wars: Western Battles and Skirmishes, 1850–1890. Missoula: Mountain Press Publishing Company. p. 74-75. ISBN 0-87842-468-7.
  5. ^ "Pyramid Lake War". Online Nevada Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved February 6, 2021.
  6. ^ "NPS: Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings". National Park Service. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012.
  7. ^ "The Two Battles of Pyramid Lake". Nevada State Historic Preservation Office. Retrieved August 3, 2022.

Read other articles:

Gereja Suffragiobahasa Italia: Chiesa del SuffragioGereja Suffragio43°50′34.8″N 10°30′22.5″E / 43.843000°N 10.506250°E / 43.843000; 10.506250Koordinat: 43°50′34.8″N 10°30′22.5″E / 43.843000°N 10.506250°E / 43.843000; 10.506250LokasiLucca, ToskanaNegara ItaliaDenominasiGereja Katolik RomaSejarahTanggal konsekrasi1646ArsitekturStatusgerejaArsitekFrancesco BuonamiciDibangunAbad ke-17AdministrasiKeuskupan AgungKeusku...

 

 

Chronologies Données clés 1986 1987 1988  1989  1990 1991 1992Décennies :1950 1960 1970  1980  1990 2000 2010Siècles :XVIIIe XIXe  XXe  XXIe XXIIeMillénaires :-Ier Ier  IIe  IIIe Chronologies géographiques Afrique Afrique du Sud, Algérie, Angola, Bénin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroun, Cap-Vert, République centrafricaine, Comores, République du Congo, République démocratique du Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Égyp...

 

 

Union United States Army general Major GeneralJohn WoolDaguerreotype of General John E. Wool by Southworth & HawesBornFebruary 20,[1] 1784Newburgh, New YorkDiedNovember 10, 1869(1869-11-10) (aged 85)Troy, New YorkPlace of burialOakwood Cemetery, Troy, New YorkAllegianceUnited States of AmericaUnionService/branchUnited States Army Union ArmyYears of service1812–1863Rank Major GeneralCommands heldDepartment of the EastDepartment of the PacificDepartment of VirginiaVIII C...

Autonomous entity in the Republic of Iraq This article is about the autonomous Kurdish political entity within the Republic of Iraq. For the wider geographical area of Iraq inhabited primarily by Kurdish people, see Iraqi Kurdistan. For the entire Middle Eastern region inhabited primarily by Kurdish people, see Kurdistan. For the autonomous Kurdish political entity within the Syrian Arab Republic, see Rojava. Autonomous region in IraqKurdistan Regionهەرێمی کوردستان (Sorani ...

 

 

First logo of MobileStar Network, Inc. MobileStar Network was a wireless Internet service provider which first gained notability in deploying Wi-Fi Internet access points in Starbucks coffee shops, American Airlines Admiral Club locations across the United States and at Hilton Hotels. Founded by Mark Goode and Greg Jackson in 1998, MobileStar was the first wireless ISP to place a WiFi hotspot in an airport, a hotel, or a coffee shop. MobileStar's core value proposition was to provide wireless...

 

 

This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: 1996 NCAA Division I Women's Tennis Championships – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2022) Tennis tournament1996 NCAA Division I Women's Tennis ChampionshipsDateMay 1996Edition15thLocationTallahassee, FloridaVenueScott Speicher Tenni...

إميل موريس (بالألمانية: Emil Maurice)‏    معلومات شخصية الميلاد 19 يناير 1897   الوفاة 6 فبراير 1972 (75 سنة)   ميونخ  مواطنة ألمانيا  عضو في كتيبة العاصفة،  وقوات الصدمة،  وقوات الأمن الخاصة النازية[1]،  والفيالق الحرة للمرتفعات  العشير جيلي روبال (–1927)  ال...

 

 

此條目需要补充更多来源。 (2021年7月4日)请协助補充多方面可靠来源以改善这篇条目,无法查证的内容可能會因為异议提出而被移除。致使用者:请搜索一下条目的标题(来源搜索:美国众议院 — 网页、新闻、书籍、学术、图像),以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源(判定指引)。 美國眾議院 United States House of Representatives第118届美国国会众议院徽章 众议院旗...

 

 

Diocese of the Catholic Church Diocese of Sioux FallsDioecesis SiouxormensisSt. Joseph CathedralLocationCountry United StatesTerritory East of the Missouri River in South DakotaEcclesiastical provinceSaint Paul and MinneapolisStatisticsArea90,885 km2 (35,091 sq mi)Population- Total- Catholics(as of 2010)550,000135,600 (24.7%)Parishes150InformationDenominationCatholicSui iuris churchLatin ChurchRiteRoman RiteEstablishedNovember 12, 1889 (134 years ago)Cathedr...

  关于与「內閣總理大臣」標題相近或相同的条目页,請見「內閣總理大臣 (消歧義)」。 日本國內閣總理大臣內閣總理大臣紋章現任岸田文雄自2021年10月4日在任尊称總理、總理大臣、首相、阁下官邸總理大臣官邸提名者國會全體議員選出任命者天皇任期四年,無連任限制[註 1]設立法源日本國憲法先前职位太政大臣(太政官)首任伊藤博文设立1885年12月22日,...

 

 

此条目序言章节没有充分总结全文内容要点。 (2019年3月21日)请考虑扩充序言,清晰概述条目所有重點。请在条目的讨论页讨论此问题。 哈萨克斯坦總統哈薩克總統旗現任Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев卡瑟姆若马尔特·托卡耶夫自2019年3月20日在任任期7年首任努尔苏丹·纳扎尔巴耶夫设立1990年4月24日(哈薩克蘇維埃社會主義共和國總統) 哈萨克斯坦 哈萨克斯坦政府...

 

 

Para otros personajes de nombre similar, véase Pedro Álvarez de Toledo. Pedro de Alcántara Álvarez de ToledoMarqués de Villafranca Retrato del marqués de Villafranca en acuarela, por Moritz Daffinger. Viena, 1842.Información personalNombre de nacimiento Pedro de Alcántara Álvarez de Toledo y Palafox Nacimiento 11 de mayo de 1803Madrid, EspañaFallecimiento 10 de enero de 1867Madrid, EspañaNacionalidad EspañolaFamiliaFamilia Casa de Toledo y Casa de Medina Sidonia Padres Francisco ...

 本表是動態列表,或許永遠不會完結。歡迎您參考可靠來源來查漏補缺。 潛伏於中華民國國軍中的中共間諜列表收錄根據公開資料來源,曾潛伏於中華民國國軍、被中國共產黨聲稱或承認,或者遭中華民國政府調查審判,為中華人民共和國和中國人民解放軍進行間諜行為的人物。以下列表以現今可查知時間為準,正確的間諜活動或洩漏機密時間可能早於或晚於以下所歸�...

 

 

Maine gubernatorial election 1865 Maine gubernatorial election ← 1864 11 September 1865 1866 →   Nominee Samuel Cony Joseph Howard Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 54,430 31,609 Percentage 63.24% 36.72% Governor before election Samuel Cony Republican Elected Governor Samuel Cony Republican Elections in Maine Federal offices U.S. President 1820 1824 1828 1832 1836 1840 1844 1848 1852 1856 1860 1864 1868 1872 1876 1880 1884 1888 1892 1896 1900 1904 1908 1...

 

 

Medical doctor working in primary care setting as a generalist In the medical profession, a general practitioner (GP) or family physician is a doctor who is a consultant in general practice. GPs have distinct expertise and experience in providing whole person medical care whilst managing the complexity, uncertainty and risk associated with the continuous care they provide. GPs work at the heart of their communities, striving to provide comprehensive and equitable care for everyone, taking int...

Zou RongBorn1885Chongqing, Qing ChinaDiedApril 3, 1905 (aged 20)Shanghai International SettlementKnown forWriting The Revolutionary Army In this Chinese name, the family name is Zou. Zou Rong (Chinese: 鄒容; pinyin: Zōu Róng; Wade–Giles: Tsou Jung; 1885 – 1905) was a Han Chinese nationalist and revolutionary martyr of the anti-Manchu movement. He was born in Chongqing, Sichuan Province, his ancestors having moved there from Meizhou, Guangdong area.[1]...

 

 

قانون هابلمعلومات عامةسُمِّي باسم إدوين هابلجورج لومتر المكتشف أو المخترع جورج لومترإدوين هابل زمن الاكتشاف أو الاختراع 1927 تعريف الصيغة v = H 0 D {\displaystyle v=H_{0}D} الرموز في الصيغة H 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}} v {\displaystyle v} D {\displaystyle D} تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات جزء من سلسلة عنعلم الكو�...

 

 

Polish pole vaulter Władysław KozakiewiczKozakiewicz in 2016Personal informationNicknameWollyNationalityPolish/GermanBorn (1953-12-08) 8 December 1953 (age 70)Šalčininkai, Lithuanian SSR, Soviet UnionEducationPoznań University of Physical EducationHeight1.87 m (6 ft 1+1⁄2 in)Weight82 kg (181 lb)SportCountry PolandSportAthleticsEventPole vaultClubKS Bałtyk Gdynia (1966–1985)Turn-Klub zu Hannover (1985–1989)Coached byWalenty Wejman (1966–1974...

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (نوفمبر 2016) راي دومينج معلومات شخصية الميلاد 5 يونيو 1965 (العمر 59 سنة)أوماها الجنسية أمريكي الوزن الوزن المتوسط الحياة العملية المهنة ملاكم[1]  نوع الرياضة الملاكم...

 

 

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Februari 2023. Kepala Rabi Pinchas HirschprungPosisiKepala Rabi MontrealOrganisasiVaad Ha‘Ir MontrealMulai1969 (1969)Berakhir25 Januari 1998 (1998-01-25)PendahuluSheea HerschornPenggantiAvraham David NiznikPenjelasan pribadiLahir(1912-07-13)13 Juli ...