Scotland national under-21 football team

Scotland under-21
AssociationScottish Football Association
Head coachScot Gemmill[1]
Most capsChristian Dailly (35)[2]
Top scorerFraser Hornby (10)[3]
First colours
Second colours
First international
Czech Republic Czechoslovakia 0 – 0 Scotland Scotland
12 October 1976
Biggest win
San Marino San Marino 0 – 7 Scotland Scotland
13 October 2020[3]
Biggest defeat
England England 6 – 0 Scotland Scotland
13 August 2013
UEFA U-21 Championship
Appearances6 (first in 1980)
Best resultSemi-finalists (1982, 1992, 1996)

The Scotland national under-21 football team, controlled by the Scottish Football Association, is Scotland's national under 21 football team and is considered to be a feeder team for the Scotland national football team.

As a European under-21 team, Scotland compete in the UEFA European Under-21 Championship, which is usually held every other year. The team has qualified for the final stages of these Championships on six occasions, although not since 1996. There is no global tournament for under-21 national teams. Performance in the European Championship determines qualification for football at the Summer Olympics, which Scotland is unable to compete in.

History

Scotland played under-23 international matches, mainly friendlies against England and Wales, from 1955 until 1975.[4] Scotland first entered the UEFA competition for under-23 national teams in 1975–76. Scotland reached the quarter-finals, but were eliminated on a penalty shootout by the Netherlands. An under-21 team then came into existence, replacing the under-23 team, when UEFA reduced the age limit.[5]

Scotland under-21s have reached the last four of the European tournament three times (1982, 1992 and 1996), while appearing in the quarter-finals on three other occasions (1980, 1984 and 1988). The team qualified for the 1992 Summer Olympics and 1996 Summer Olympics, but were unable to compete due to Scotland not being independently represented in the International Olympic Committee.[6] The under-21 team has not qualified for a finals tournament since the late 1990s. They reached the playoff round for the 2004 and 2011 tournaments, but lost to Croatia[7] and Iceland[8] respectively.

In 2018, an under-21 squad returned to the Toulon Tournament.[9] Despite the loss to Turkey in a penalty-out for third-place.[10] Scotland did receive the tournament Fair Play Award.[11]

Competitive record

  Champions    Runners-up    Third place    Fourth place  0000 Tournament held on home soil  

UEFA European U-21 Championship Record

Year Result GP W D* L GS GA
Europe 1976[a] Quarter-finals 6 5 0 1 13 4
Europe 1978 did not qualify 4 2 1 1 5 4
Europe 1980 Quarter-finals 7 3 3 1 14 7
Europe 1982 Semi-finals 8 3 3 2 9 6
Europe 1984 Quarter-finals 8 5 2 1 14 10
Europe 1986 did not qualify 4 1 1 2 1 4
Europe 1988 Quarter-finals 6 3 1 2 7 4
Europe 1990 did not qualify 6 1 1 4 7 13
Europe 1992 Semi-finals 10 6 2 2 18 10
France 1994 did not qualify 8 2 2 4 8 11
Spain 1996 Fourth-place 12 8 0 4 21 10
Romania 1998 did not qualify 10 2 1 7 10 20
Slovenia 2000 10 4 2 4 18 12
Switzerland 2002 6 2 2 2 6 6
Germany 2004 8 5 1 2 11 8
Portugal 2006 10 1 3 6 6 17
Netherlands 2007 2 0 0 2 1 4
Sweden 2009 8 5 1 2 17 6
Denmark 2011 10 5 2 3 18 11
Israel 2013 8 3 4 1 16 9
Czech Republic 2015 8 3 2 3 12 15
Poland 2017 10 2 2 6 8 17
ItalySan Marino 2019 10 4 2 4 13 13
HungarySlovenia 2021 10 5 3 2 16 5
RomaniaGeorgia (country) 2023 8 1 4 3 6 10

*Denotes draws include knockout matches decided by a penalty shootout.

Other tournaments

Year Competition Result GP W D* L GS GA Ref
France 1977 Toulon Tournament 6th place 4 1 1 2 6 7 [12]
France 1991 Toulon Tournament Group Stage 3 2 1 0 5 3 [13]
France 1992 Toulon Tournament Group Stage 3 0 0 3 0 7 [14]
France 1993 Toulon Tournament Semi-finals 4 2 0 2 3 2 [15]
France 1994 Toulon Tournament Group Stage 3 1 1 1 3 3 [16]
France 1995 Toulon Tournament Semi-finals 4 2 0 2 4 7 [17]
France 1997 Toulon Tournament Group Stage 4 0 3 1 2 4 [18]
Scotland 1999 Three Nations Tournament 1st place 2 1 1 0 2 1 [19]
Northern Ireland 2000 Three Nations Tournament 1st place 2 1 1 0 2 1 [20][21]
France 2018 Toulon Tournament 4th place 5 2 2 1 5 5 [22]

*Denotes draws include knockout matches decided by a penalty shootout.

Head coaches

Billy Stark, head coach of the team from 2008 to 2014.

Archie Knox left his post as Scotland's National Youth Teams Coach on 30 August 2007 to take up a full-time with Bolton Wanderers as coaching co-ordinator, Maurice Malpas took temporary charge. In January 2008 the SFA appointed a new full-time coach in Billy Stark, who left his job as manager of Second Division side Queen's Park to take the position.[23] Stark resigned from the position in November 2014.[24]

Tenure Head Coach/Manager
1975–1982 Andy Roxburgh
1982–1986 Walter Smith
1986–1993 Craig Brown
1993–1998 Tommy Craig[25]
1998–2002 Alex Smith[25][26]
2002–2005 Rainer Bonhof[26][27]
2005–2006 Maurice Malpas (caretaker)[28]
2006–2007 Archie Knox[29]
2007–2008 Maurice Malpas (caretaker)[30]
2008–2014 Billy Stark[23][24]
2014–2015 Ricky Sbragia (caretaker)[24]
2015 Danny Lennon (caretaker)[31]
2015–2016 Ricky Sbragia[32]
2016–present Scot Gemmill[1]

Players

Leading appearances

As of match played 5 June 2022[33]
Rank Name Years Clubs Appearances Goals GPG Ratio.
1 Christian Dailly 1990–1996 Dundee United 35 5 0.14
2 Steven Pressley 1993–1996 Rangers, Coventry City, Dundee United 27 1 0.04
3 Allan Campbell 2017–2020 Motherwell 24 1 0.04
4 Paul Hanlon 2009–2012 Hibernian 23 3 0.13
5 Craig Easton 1997–2001 Dundee United 22 2 0.09
5 Gary Naysmith 1996–1999 Heart of Midlothian 22 0 0
5 Glenn Middleton 2018–2022 Rangers 22 5 0.23
8 Shaun Maloney 2001–2005 Celtic 21 5 0.24
9 Stuart Armstrong 2010–2014 Dundee United 20 4 0.2
9 Jamie McCunnie 2001–2005 Dundee United, Ross County, Dunfermline Athletic 20 1 0.05
9 Jordan McGhee 2013–2017 Heart of Midlothian 20 0 0
9 Ross McCrorie 2016–2020 Rangers, Portsmouth, Aberdeen 20 1 0.05

Note: Club(s) represents the clubs the player was with while he played for the Scotland under-21 team. Those players in bold are eligible to play for the team now.

Leading goalscorers

As of match played 5 June 2022[33]
Rank Name Years Clubs Appearances Goals GPG Ratio.
1 Fraser Hornby 2018–2020 Everton, Kortrijk, Reims 18 10 0.56
2 Jordan Rhodes 2011–2012 Huddersfield Town 8 8 1
2 Scott Booth 1990–1993 Aberdeen 15 8 0.53
4 Chris Maguire 2008–2010 Aberdeen 12 6 0.5
4 Jamie Murphy 2008–2010 Motherwell 13 6 0.46
4 Jim Hamilton 1995–1997 Dundee, Heart of Midlothian 14 6 0.43
4 Mark Burchill 1998–2001 Celtic 15 6 0.4
8 Steven Fletcher 2006–2008 Hibernian 7 5 0.71
8 Tony Watt 2012–2013 Celtic 9 5 0.56
8 Gerry Creaney 1990–1992 Celtic 12 5 0.42
8 Steven Thompson 1997–1999 Dundee United 12 5 0.42
8 Simon Lynch 2002–2003 Celtic 13 5 0.38
8 Steven Naismith 2005–2008 Kilmarnock, Rangers 16 5 0.31
8 Shaun Maloney 2001–2005 Celtic 21 5 0.24
8 Christian Dailly 1990–1996 Dundee United 35 5 0.14
8 Glenn Middleton 2018–2022 Rangers 22 5 0.23

Note: Club(s) represents the clubs the player was with while he played for the Scotland under-21 team. Those players in bold are eligible to play for the team now.

Eligibility

The team is for players born in the year 21 years before the starting year of each tournament. As each tournament normally takes two years to complete, players can continue to play for the under-21 team after their 22nd birthday. As long as they are eligible, players can play at any level, making it possible to play for the under-21s, senior side and then return to the under-21 side.[citation needed] It is now also possible to play for one country at youth level and another country at senior level (providing the player is eligible).[5] For instance, Nigel Quashie played for England under-21s and Scotland.[5] Until the late 1980s, teams were allowed to select some over-age players in the under-21 team,[34][35][36] similar to the present arrangement in football at the Summer Olympics.[37]

Current squad

Players born on or after 1 January 2002 are eligible for the 2025 UEFA European Under-21 Championship.

The following players were selected for the 2025 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification matches against Belgium and Kazakhstan in October 2024.[38][39][40][41]

Caps and goals updated as of 11 October 2024, after the match against Kazakhstan. Clubs correct as of 15 October 2024.

No. Pos. Player Date of birth (age) Caps Goals Club
1 1GK Lewis Budinauckas (2002-06-19) 19 June 2002 (age 22) 2 0 Scotland Rangers
12 1GK Jack Newman (2002-02-12) 12 February 2002 (age 22) 1 0 Scotland Inverness Caledonian Thistle
21 1GK Murray Johnson (2004-11-13) 13 November 2004 (age 20) 1 0 Scotland Airdrieonians
2 2DF Max Johnston (2003-12-26) 26 December 2003 (age 20) 10 1 Austria Sturm Graz
3 2DF Josh Doig (2002-05-18) 18 May 2002 (age 22) 12 1 Italy Sassuolo
4 2DF Jack Milne (2003-02-10) 10 February 2003 (age 21) 3 0 Scotland Aberdeen
5 2DF Dane Murray (2003-06-26) 26 June 2003 (age 21) 4 1 Scotland Queen's Park
6 2DF Lewis Neilson (2003-05-15) 15 May 2003 (age 21) 12 1 Scotland St Johnstone
15 2DF Robbie Fraser (2003-04-02) 2 April 2003 (age 21) 2 0 Scotland Rangers
20 2DF Jeremiah Mullen (2004-06-17) 17 June 2004 (age 20) 13 2 England Leeds United
22 2DF Calvin Ramsay (2003-07-31) 31 July 2003 (age 21) 6 0 England Wigan Athletic
23 2DF Ewan Wilson (2004-11-19) 19 November 2004 (age 20) 3 0 Scotland Motherwell
7 3MF Lennon Miller (2006-08-25) 25 August 2006 (age 18) 5 2 Scotland Motherwell
8 3MF Josh Mulligan (2002-11-12) 12 November 2002 (age 22) 16 2 Scotland Dundee
14 3MF Rob Apter (2003-04-23) 23 April 2003 (age 21) 4 0 England Blackpool
16 3MF Daniel Kelly (2005-10-03) 3 October 2005 (age 19) 4 0 England Millwall
17 3MF Lyall Cameron (2002-10-10) 10 October 2002 (age 22) 12 2 Scotland Dundee
18 3MF Miller Thomson (2004-07-20) 20 July 2004 (age 20) 1 0 Scotland Dundee United
9 4FW Ryan Oné (2006-06-26) 26 June 2006 (age 18) 2 0 England Sheffield United
11 4FW Dire Mebude (2004-05-28) 28 May 2004 (age 20) 13 2 Belgium Westerlo

Recent call-ups

The following players have also been called up to the Scotland under-21 squad and remain eligible (current clubs shown).

Pos. Player Date of birth (age) Caps Goals Club Latest call-up
GK Cieran Slicker (2002-09-15) 15 September 2002 (age 22) 18 0 England Ipswich Town v.  Malta, September 2024
GK Vincent Angelini (2003-09-12) 12 September 2003 (age 21) 0 0 Saudi Arabia Al-Riyadh v.  Austria, June 2024
GK Jude Smith (2003-05-29) 29 May 2003 (age 21) 1 0 England Carlisle United v.  Belgium, November 2023
GK Jay Hogarth (2003-07-18) 18 July 2003 (age 21) 2 0 Scotland Queen of the South v.  Norway, June 2023
GK Sam Long (2002-11-12) 12 November 2002 (age 22) 0 0 England Bromley v.  Iceland, November 2022
GK Harry Stone (2002-04-20) 20 April 2002 (age 22) 0 0 Scotland Ayr United v.  Turkey, September 2021
DF Leon King (2004-01-14) 14 January 2004 (age 20) 12 0 Scotland Rangers v.  Belgium, October 2024WTH
DF Matthew Anderson (2004-01-25) 25 January 2004 (age 20) 5 0 Austria Admira Wacker v.  Belgium, October 2024
DF Liam Morrison (2003-04-07) 7 April 2003 (age 21) 11 0 England Queens Park Rangers v.  Spain, September 2024INJ
DF Adam Devine (2003-03-25) 25 March 2003 (age 21) 9 0 Scotland Rangers v.  Austria, June 2024
DF Connor McAvoy (2002-02-16) 16 February 2002 (age 22) 5 0 Scotland Ayr United v.  Austria, June 2024
DF Ibane Bowat (2002-09-15) 15 September 2002 (age 22) 7 0 England Portsmouth v.  Kazakhstan, March 2024
DF Ben McPherson (2004-03-19) 19 March 2004 (age 20) 5 0 Scotland Celtic v.  Kazakhstan, March 2024
DF Kerr Smith (2004-12-12) 12 December 2004 (age 19) 0 0 England Aston Villa v.  Malta, October 2023
DF Josh Reid (2002-05-03) 3 May 2002 (age 22) 3 0 Scotland Ross County v.  Norway, June 2023
DF Adam Montgomery (2002-02-18) 18 February 2002 (age 22) 4 0 Scotland Celtic v.  Northern Ireland, September 2022
DF Aaron Hickey (2002-06-10) 10 June 2002 (age 22) 0 0 England Brentford v.  Kazakhstan, November 2021
DF Jamie Hamilton (2002-03-01) 1 March 2002 (age 22) 0 0 Scotland East Kilbride v.  Turkey, September 2021
MF Connor Barron (2002-08-29) 29 August 2002 (age 22) 14 0 Scotland Rangers v.  Belgium, October 2024SNR
MF Lewis Fiorini (2002-05-17) 17 May 2002 (age 22) 13 3 England Stockport County v.  Belgium, October 2024WTH
MF David Watson (2005-02-12) 12 February 2005 (age 19) 4 0 Scotland Kilmarnock v.  Belgium, October 2024WTH
MF Azeem Abdulai (2002-12-09) 9 December 2002 (age 21) 6 0 Wales Swansea City v.  Austria, June 2024
MF Kai Fotheringham (2003-04-18) 18 April 2003 (age 21) 3 0 Scotland Dundee United v.  Austria, June 2024
MF Aidan Denholm (2003-11-09) 9 November 2003 (age 21) 1 0 Scotland Ross County v.  Kazakhstan, March 2024
MF Cole McKinnon (2003-01-29) 29 January 2003 (age 21) 3 0 Scotland Rangers v.  Kazakhstan, March 2024
MF Alex Lowry (2003-06-23) 23 June 2003 (age 21) 2 1 Scotland Rangers v.  Hungary, November 2023
MF Finlay Robertson (2002-11-12) 12 November 2002 (age 22) 1 0 Scotland Dundee v.  Hungary, November 2023
MF Ryan Duncan (2004-01-18) 18 January 2004 (age 20) 5 0 Scotland Queen's Park v.  Hungary, November 2023
MF Steven Bradley (2002-03-17) 17 March 2002 (age 22) 0 0 Scotland Hamilton Academical v.  Malta, October 2023
MF Ben Summers (2004-06-16) 16 June 2004 (age 20) 5 0 Austria Admira Wacker v.  Spain, September 2023
MF Archie Meekison (2002-05-04) 4 May 2002 (age 22) 2 0 Republic of Ireland Bohemian v.  Spain, September 2023
MF Connor Smith (2002-02-01) 1 February 2002 (age 22) 8 0 Scotland Hamilton Academical v.  Norway, June 2023
MF Liam Smith (2003-10-28) 28 October 2003 (age 21) 2 0 Scotland Partick Thistle v.  Norway, June 2023
MF Josh Adam (2004-02-03) 3 February 2004 (age 20) 1 0 Wales Wrexham v.  Wales, March 2023
MF Elliot Anderson (2002-11-06) 6 November 2002 (age 22) 1 0 England Nottingham Forest v.  Iceland, November 2022
MF Matthew Craig (2003-04-16) 16 April 2003 (age 21) 1 0 England Barnsley v.  Northern Ireland, September 2022
MF Michael Craig (2003-04-16) 16 April 2003 (age 21) 1 0 England Reading v.  Northern Ireland, September 2022
MF Lucas De Bolle (2002-10-22) 22 October 2002 (age 22) 2 0 Unattached v.  Northern Ireland, September 2022
MF Jay Henderson (2002-03-07) 7 March 2002 (age 22) 1 0 Scotland Ayr United v.  Northern Ireland, September 2022
MF Chris Mochrie (2003-04-07) 7 April 2003 (age 21) 2 0 Scotland Airdrieonians v.  Northern Ireland, September 2022
MF Flynn Clarke (2002-12-19) 19 December 2002 (age 21) 1 1 England Lowestoft Town v.  Northern Ireland, September 2022
FW Bobby Wales (2005-06-23) 23 June 2005 (age 19) 1 0 Scotland Kilmarnock v.  Belgium, October 2024WTH
FW Kieron Bowie (2002-09-21) 21 September 2002 (age 22) 12 4 Scotland Hibernian v.  Malta, September 2024
FW Michael Mellon (2003-12-05) 5 December 2003 (age 20) 4 0 England Stockport County v.  Austria, June 2024
FW Tommy Conway (2002-08-06) 6 August 2002 (age 22) 7 3 England Middlesbrough v.  Austria, June 2024
FW Ben Doak (2005-11-11) 11 November 2005 (age 19) 7 2 England Liverpool v.  Hungary, November 2023
FW Robbie Ure (2004-02-24) 24 February 2004 (age 20) 0 0 Belgium RSCA Futures v.  Hungary, November 2023
FW Emilio Lawrence (2005-09-20) 20 September 2005 (age 19) 0 0 England Manchester City v.  Belgium, November 2023
FW Rory Wilson (2006-01-05) 5 January 2006 (age 18) 3 0 England Aston Villa v.  Malta, October 2023
FW Tom Dickson-Peters (2002-09-16) 16 September 2002 (age 22) 3 0 Unattached v.  Wales, March 2023
FW Stuart McKinstry (2002-09-18) 18 September 2002 (age 22) 0 0 Unattached v.  Iceland, November 2022
FW Kai Kennedy (2002-03-28) 28 March 2002 (age 22) 1 0 Scotland Queen of the South v.  Belgium, November 2021
  • INJ Player withdrew from the squad for that game due to injury
  • SNR Player withdrew from the squad for that game after being promoted to the senior squad
  • WTH Player withdrew from the squad for that game for an unspecified reason

Past squads

Notes

  1. ^ Under-23 competition.

References

  1. ^ a b "Scotland U21: Coach Ricky Sbragia makes way for Scot Gemmill". BBC Sport. BBC. 7 September 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
  2. ^ "Alltime Club Records". www.fitbastats.com. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
  3. ^ a b "San Marino U21s 0-7 Scotland U21s: Hornby sets scoring record in Euro qualifying thrashing". BBC Sport. BBC. 13 October 2020. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
  4. ^ "Results List". www.fitbastats.com. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
  5. ^ a b c Abrahall, Csaba (January 2007). "Age of ascent". When Saturday Comes. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
  6. ^ Gibbons, Glenn (5 February 2009). "Craig Brown battles to preserve Scottish football rights by opposing Team GB". The Scotsman. Retrieved 31 July 2010.
  7. ^ "Bonhof hails defeated Scots". BBC Sport. 18 November 2003. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
  8. ^ "Coach Billy Stark proud of Scotland U21s development". BBC Sport. 17 November 2010. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
  9. ^ "Scotland Under-21 squad announced for Toulon tournament". Scottish FA. 3 May 2018. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  10. ^ "Scotland finish fourth at the Toulon tournament after shoot-out defeat to Turkey". Scottish Football Association. 10 June 2018. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  11. ^ "Individual and team awards seal successful Toulon trip". Scottish FA. 10 June 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  12. ^ "Tournoi Espoirs de Toulon 1977". RSSSF. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  13. ^ "Tournoi Espoirs de Toulon 1991". RSSSF. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  14. ^ "Tournoi Espoirs de Toulon 1992". RSSSF. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  15. ^ "Tournoi Espoirs de Toulon 1993". RSSSF. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  16. ^ "Tournoi Espoirs de Toulon 1994". RSSSF. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  17. ^ "Tournoi Espoirs de Toulon 1995". RSSSF. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  18. ^ "Tournoi Espoirs de Toulon 1997". RSSSF. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  19. ^ "STRONG FEELINGS". Aberdeen Evening Express. 5 June 1999. Retrieved 1 June 2023 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  20. ^ "U-21 Three Nations Tournament (Northern Ireland) 2000". RSSSF. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  21. ^ "Goalscorer Notman will demand transfer to find greater glory". Herald Scotland. 30 May 2000. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
    "All eyes are on Miller who proves different class against the Welsh". Herald Scotland. 1 June 2000. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  22. ^ "Tournoi Espoirs de Toulon 2018". RSSSF. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  23. ^ a b "Billy Stark". www.scottishfa.co.uk. Scottish Football Association. Retrieved 26 May 2012.
  24. ^ a b c "Scotland: Billy Stark 'steps down' as under-21 coach". BBC Sport. 4 November 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  25. ^ a b "Football: Smith protects his youngsters". The Independent. 14 October 1998. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
  26. ^ a b "Bonhof for Scotland job". BBC Sport. 10 July 2002. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
  27. ^ "Bonhof chose to leave Scots U-21s". BBC Sport. 26 November 2005. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
  28. ^ "Malpas is the new Motherwell boss". BBC Sport. 17 May 2006. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
  29. ^ "Knox lands Scotland under-21 role". BBC Sport. 3 July 2006. Retrieved 26 May 2012.
  30. ^ "Malpas considering career change". BBC Sport. 3 January 2008. Retrieved 26 May 2012.
  31. ^ "Danny Lennon in temporary charge of Scotland under-21s". BBC Sport. 18 February 2015. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
  32. ^ "Ricky Sbragia is new Scotland Under-21 head coach". BBC Sport. 12 August 2015. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
  33. ^ a b "Alltime Player Records". www.fitbastats.com. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  34. ^ Paul, Ian (20 January 1984). "Scotland to warm up against France". The Herald. Herald & Times Group. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
  35. ^ Reynolds, Jim (6 February 1980). "Archibald is only over-age player in Stein's squad". The Herald. Herald & Times Group. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
  36. ^ Traynor, Jim (7 March 1989). "Young ones take on French mantle". The Herald. Herald & Times Group. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
  37. ^ "UEFA defends decision to keep over-age stars out of Olympics". The Argus Press. 3 February 1996. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
  38. ^ "Scotland Men's Under-21 squad named for pivotal Belgium and Kazakhstan games". scottishfa.co.uk. Scottish Football Association. 2 October 2024. Retrieved 7 October 2024.
  39. ^ Scotland National Team [@ScotlandNT] (9 October 2024). "Squad update. IN: Robbie Fraser. OUT: Matthew Anderson" (Tweet). Retrieved 14 October 2024 – via Twitter.
  40. ^ Scotland National Team [@ScotlandNT] (14 October 2024). "Squad update. IN: Connor Barron. OUT: James Forrest" (Tweet). Retrieved 14 October 2024 – via Twitter.
  41. ^ "Scotland Under-21s prepare to face Kazakhstan in final Group B Euro qualifier". scottishfa.co.uk. Scottish Football Association. 14 October 2024. Retrieved 15 October 2024.

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Pour les articles homonymes, voir Pré (homonymie). Cet article concerne la commune. Pour la station de métro, voir Pré-Saint-Gervais (métro de Paris). Le Pré-Saint-Gervais La mairie. Blason Logo Administration Pays France Région Île-de-France Département Seine-Saint-Denis Arrondissement Bobigny Intercommunalité Métropole du Grand ParisEPT Est Ensemble Maire Mandat Laurent Baron (PS) 2021-2026 Code postal 93310 Code commune 93061 Démographie Gentilé Gervaisiens Populationmunic...

 

Provinsi Benevento

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Australian long and triple jumper Basil DickinsonPersonal informationBorn25 April 1915Queanbeyan, New South Wales, AustraliaDied7 October 2013 (aged 98)Queanbeyan, New South Wales, AustraliaSportSportAthleticsEvent(s)Triple jump, long jumpAchievements and titlesPersonal bestTJ – 15.64 m (1935)[1] Medal record Representing  Australia British Empire Games 1938 Sydney Long jump 1938 Sydney Triple jump John Basil Charles Dickinson (25 April 1915 – 7 October 2013)[2] was a...

 

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この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。（このテンプレートの使い方）出典検索?: ジャックス 遊び道具 – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · TWL（2018年8月） ジャックスのセット ジャックス ...

 

Non-Deliverable Forward

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Epigenetics

Study of DNA modifications that do not change its sequence For other uses, see Epigenetic (disambiguation). Epigenetic mechanisms In biology, epigenetics is the study of heritable traits, or a stable change of cell function, that happen without changes to the DNA sequence.[1] The Greek prefix epi- (ἐπι- over, outside of, around) in epigenetics implies features that are on top of or in addition to the traditional (DNA sequence based) genetic mechanism of inheritance.[2] Epi...

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Part of a series onGenocide Issues List of genocides Genocides in history Effects on youth Denial Massacre Rape Incitement In relation to Colonialism / War Perpetrators, victims, and bystanders Prevention Psychology Recognition politics Risk factors Stages Types Anti-Indigenous Cultural Utilitarian Studies Outline Bibliography Related topics Compulsory sterilization Democide Ethnic cleansing Ethnocide Forced assimilation Categoryvte The effects of genocide on youth include psychologi...

 

Ямайка на летних Олимпийских играх 1952

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