^Stanley J. Edmonds (2000). "Phylum Echiura". In Pamela L. Beesley; Graham J. B. Ross; Christopher J. Glasby (eds.). Polychaetes & Allies: the Southern Synthesis. Fauna of Australia: Polychaeta, Myzostomida, Pogonophora, Echiura, Sipuncula. Vol. 4, pt. 1. CSIRO Publishing. pp. 353–374. ISBN978-0-643-06571-0.