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Sapphire
Sapphire
	UK release poster
Directed by	Basil Dearden
Written by	Janet Green
Produced by	Michael Relph; Earl St. John (executive producer)
Starring	Nigel Patrick; Yvonne Mitchell; Michael Craig; Paul Massie
Cinematography	Harry Waxman
Edited by	John D. Guthridge
Music by	Philip Green
Production; company	Artna Films
Distributed by	Rank Film Distributors
Release date	21 April 1959 (United Kingdom);
Running time	92 minutes
Country	United Kingdom
Language	English
Budget	£140,000 or $400,000
Box office	over $1 million (US)

Sapphire is a 1959 British crime drama film directed by Basil Dearden and starring Nigel Patrick, Yvonne Mitchell, Michael Craig, and Paul Massie.^[3] A progressive film for its time,^[4] it focuses on racism in London toward immigrants from the West Indies, and explores the "underlying insecurities and fears of ordinary people" about those of another race.^[5]

Plot

Children playing on Hampstead Heath in London come across the body of a young light-skinned woman who has been stabbed to death. Police Superintendent Robert Hazard and his assistant, Inspector Phil Learoyd, follow the lead of the woman's handkerchief, monogrammed with an "S," and discover that her name was Sapphire Robbins, a music student. Her brother, a doctor working in Birmingham, is notified. Her fiance, an architecture student named David Harris, claims to have been in Cambridge at the time of the murder.

An autopsy reveals that Sapphire had been three months pregnant. The police are surprised when Dr. Robbins arrives and they see that he is black. He and his sister were mixed race, but Sapphire was able to "pass" as white. Robbins is professional in his bearing and proud, sceptical that the police will actually try to solve his sister's murder.

Investigating Sapphire's life and acquaintances, the officers find that she frequented nightclubs with black clienteles, leading them to look for another possible boyfriend. Learoyd is quick to jump to racist assumptions about the victim's behaviour, but Hazard is nonjudgemental and sometimes counters his assistant's biased views. Interviews with other possible witnesses or connections to the case reveal a range of racist attitudes in the white population.

When the officers question members of David's family, they learn that Sapphire had revealed her family background to David, and had informed his parents and adult sister Mildred about the pregnancy. David's father had reluctantly agreed to David and Sapphire marrying despite his own racist views and the family's concern about their social standing, as well as the knowledge that David would probably have to forfeit an upcoming scholarship to study in Rome.

Visiting Tulip's Club, a nightclub favoured by affluent young blacks, Hazard and Learoyd learn that Sapphire was resented by some of her contemporaries, but that she often went there with a young man called "Johnnie Fiddle". After a chase, Johnnie is caught and brought in by the police. A knife and a bloody shirt are discovered in his room, but Johnnie claims these were from a fight he had with a certain "Horace Big Cigar". In the meantime, however, David is seen acting suspiciously near the murder scene on Hampstead Heath, and it is discovered that he had returned from Cambridge earlier than he claimed on the day of the murder.

Hoping to prod further revelations from those closest to the murder, Hazard brings Dr. Robbins to the Harris home, prompting angry reactions from the family. The most violent comes from Mildred, who responds with disgust when Robbins picks up one of her daughter's toys. Mildred finally confesses to her hatred of Sapphire and to the murder. With the case wrapped up, Hazard acknowledges the larger social evils underlying the case, telling Learoyd that they "didn't solve anything... We just picked up the pieces."

Cast

Nigel Patrick as Superintendent Robert Hazard
Yvonne Mitchell as Mildred Farr (née Harris)
Michael Craig as Inspector Phil Learoyd
Paul Massie as David Harris
Bernard Miles as Mr. Ted Harris
Olga Lindo as Mrs. Harris
Earl Cameron as Dr. Robbins
Gordon Heath as Paul Slade
Jocelyn Britton as Patsy
Harry Baird as "Johnnie Fiddle"
Orlando Martins as the barman at Tulip's Club
Rupert Davies as Constable Jack Ferris
Freda Bamford as Sergeant Cook
Robert Adams as "Horace Big Cigar"
Yvonne Buckingham as Sapphire Robbins

Uncredited

Desmond Llewelyn as a police constable
Richard Vernon as the medical official at the crime scene
Victor Brooks as Sergeant Ted Newton
Edith Sharpe as Mrs. Thompson, Sapphire and Patsy's landlady
Fenella Fielding as the manager of Babette's lingerie shop
Basil Dignam as Dr. M.J. Burgess
Marie Burke as Sapphire's previous landlady
Peter Vaughan as Detective Whitehead
Lloyd Reckord as the pianist at the International Club
Dolores Mantez as a previous girlfriend of Paul Slade
Philip Ray as Mr. Young, manager of the International Club
Vanda Hudson as the blonde girl at Tulip's Club
Boscoe Holder as "Johnnie Hot Feet", a dancer at Tulip's Club
Dan Jackson as "Mr. Tulip"
Bartlett Mullins as the newsagent
Nora Gordon as the newsagent's wife
Barbara Steele as a student

Cast notes

Earl Cameron later appeared in Flame in the Streets (1961), another British film dealing with racial issues.^[6]

Reception

Box office

According to Kinematograph Weekly, the film performed "better than average" at the British box office in 1959.^[7] Reportedly, it had made a profit of over £100,000 by 1961.^[8]

Critical reception

At the time of the film's original UK release, Nina Hibbin of the Daily Worker commented: "You can't fight the colour bar merely by telling people it exists. You have to attack it, with passion and conviction. Commit yourself up to the hilt. Otherwise you're in danger of fanning the flames."^[9]

In the US, A.H. Weiler of The New York Times wrote that, while the film is "not entirely in a class by itself, the combination of murder mystery and racial issues puts it several interesting cuts above standard movie melodrama".^[10]

Variety called the film a "Sound murder drama which compromises uneasily on question of color discrimination. Though obviously inspired by last year's outbreak of color-bar riots in London and Nottingham, it ducks the issue, refusing to face boldly up to the problem. Thus the pic does not get its message over as effectively as it might. There is constant haggling over the problem and some snide remarks, but it eventually adds up merely to another whodunit."^[11]

The reviewer for the British Film Institute's Screenonline website wrote: "Dearden is not immune to prevailing prejudices, equating a young woman living alone in London with promiscuity, and seeing an enthusiasm for jazz as evidence of dubious character. The film is littered with casual, unchallenged racism".^[9]

Accolades

At the 13th British Academy Film Awards, Sapphire won the award for Best British Film.^[12] For her work on the film, the Mystery Writers of America awarded screenwriter Janet Green the Edgar Award for Best Foreign Film.^[13]

Paperback novelisation

In April 1959, Panther Books published a novelisation of the film written by E.G. Cousins.^[14]

References

^ Edward Goring, "Sapphire, ' Made on a Shoestring Budget, Gets British Award", Daily Mail (London, England), Wednesday, 23 March 1960, p. 3.
^ ^a ^b "Move Towards Bigger Budget Films". Variety. 27 November 1963. p. 19.
^ "Sapphire". British Film Institute Collections Search. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
^ "Britmovie.co.uk".
^ Screenonline Sapphire (1959)
^ Britmovie.co.uk Flame in the Streets Archived 21 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine
^ Billings, Josh (17 December 1959). "Other better-than-average offerings". Kinematograph Weekly. p. 7.
^ Hill, William John (1985). CLASS, SEXUALITY AND THE*BRITISH CINEMA 1956-63 (PDF) (Thesis). University of York. p. 375.
^ ^a ^b Ogidi, Ann (2003–14). "Sapphire (1959)". BFI Screenonline. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
^ Weiler, A.H. (3 November 1959). "Sapphire; British Crime Story Opens at Sutton". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
^ "Sapphire". Variety. 214 (9): 6. 29 April 1959.
^ "Pinewood's "Sapphire" Homoured". Kine Weekly. 514 (2739): 31. 31 March 1960.
^ "Edgar Awards". Mystery Writers of America. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
^ Cousins, Edmund (21 February 2024). "Sapphire". Google Books. Retrieved 21 October 2023.