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Sakina Aliyeva
Sakina Aliyeva
Səkinə Əliyeva
Born	Sakina Abbas qızı Aliyeva; 15 April 1925; Nakhchivan, Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic
Died	6 October 2010 (aged 85); Baku, Azerbaijan
Other names	Sakina Alieva, Sakina Abbas kyzy Alieva, Sakina Abbas kyzy Aliyeva
Occupation(s)	stateswoman and politician
Known for	1st declaration of secession from the USSR: break-away independence attempt for the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

Sakina Aliyeva (Azerbaijani: Səkinə Abbas qızı Əliyeva, Russian: Алиева, Сакина Аббас кызы 15 April 1925 – 6 October 2010) was an Azerbaijani-Soviet politician. From 1951, she served in various capacities in the Nakhchivan Regional Committee of the Communist Party. In 1963, she was elected Chair of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and served in that capacity until 1990. In January of that year, with the dissolution of the Soviet Union Aliyeva presented the declaration for Nakhchivan to secede from the USSR in protest of the Soviet actions during "Black January". During her career, she was awarded the Order of the October Revolution, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, and an Honorary Decree of Merit from the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

Early life

Sakina Aliyeva, officially Sakina Abbas qızı Aliyeva meaning Sakina daughter of Abbas Aliyeva, was born on 15 April 1925 in Nakhchivan, located in the Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which was officially part of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic^[1] to Almaz and Abbas Aliyev. Her father was a laborer and her mother raised the couple's three children — two daughters and a son.^[2] She studied at the Nakhchivan Teachers Institute and went on to further her education at the Azerbaijan State University, and Higher Party School, completing her schooling in 1945.^[1]

Career

As soon as she graduated, Aliyeva joined the Statistical Institute, where she taught in the Soviet system until 1951. Promoted to the Agitprop in that year, she first worked as an instructor in the propaganda department of the Nakhchivan Regional Committee of the Communist Party. She was later promoted to head the department, before being promoted to lead the lecturer's group. In 1958, Aliyeva became the Minister of Education for the Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic as a member of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, serving in that capacity until 1961, when she became the secretary of the Party's Nakhchivan Regional Committee.^[2]

In 1963, Aliyeva was elected as the deputy of the Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan SSR representing the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.^[1] That same year, she was elected as Chair of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Nakhchivan Autonomous SSR^[3] In 1964, Aliyeva was simultaneously selected as Deputy Chair of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR.^[4] She was well-known for her focus on improving the status of women and involving more women in Azerbaijani politics, but she also devoted attention to the socio-economic problems of Nakhchivan. She instituted programs to raise the standard of living and address civil protections for the populace of the autonomous republic. In the 1970s and 1980s, she was recognized with multiple awards, including the Order of the October Revolution, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, and an Honorary Decree of Merit from the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.^[1]

In 1986, with the assertion of Glasnost policies by Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev, ethnic tensions, which had been smoldering between Azerbaijani and Armenian populations for decades, resurfaced when Karabakh separatists saw an opportunity to reorganize the region. Organizing a series of ethnically motivated attacks^[5] and demonstrations, the separatists goal was to reclaim Armenian jurisdiction of the Nagorno-Karabakh region, which was within the borders of Azerbaijan.^[6] In Azerbaijan, a similar organization emerged to agitate for Azerbaijani sovereignty, the Popular Front.^[7] The initial Soviet response was to support the Azerbaijan jurisdiction, as they appeared more loyal to the state. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, authorities came to believe that backing Armenia in the conflict would promote longer-term fields of influence.^[8] Declaring a state of emergency, Soviet troops moved into Baku on 20 January 1990, with the intent of stopping the independence movement from overthrowing the Soviet Azerbaijani government.^[9]

In protest to the Soviet actions during "Black January" and their backing of Armenia, as head of the Presidium for the Nakhchivan Autonomous SSR, Aliyeva called a special session of the Supreme Soviet of the Nakhchivan ASSR.^[2] After debating the legalities of whether Nakhchivan could secede from the USSR under Article 81 of the Soviet Constitution, the deputies prepared a declaration of independence. Aliyeva signed^[2]^[10] the first secession proclamation by any territory of the former USSR^[11] and presented the declaration of independence on television.^[2]^[10]^[11] The declaration was quickly denounced by Afiyaddin Jalilov [az], who claimed Aliyeva had only signed the agreement under duress, forced by gunmen.^[11] She was forced to resign from her post in March, 1990 and was replaced by Jalilov.^[2] In 2003, Farida Laman [az] a well-known Azerbaijani writer, wrote Azadlıq carçısı (Herald of Freedom), the biography of Aliyeva's life.^[12]

Death and legacy

Aliyeva died on 6 October 2010.^[12] A few months after her death, a film of her life Очень любим вас (We love you very much) was released by producer Beyugaga Mamedov of the film studio "Salname".^[13]^[14] In 2015, an event held at the held at Tabriz Hotel in Nakhchivan paid homage to Aliyeva on what would have been her 90th birthday.^[1]

References

Citations

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Əzimova 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Əkbərov 2013.
^ The Daily News 1963, p. 8.
^ Crowley, Lebed & Schulz 1968, p. 18.
^ Kaufman 2001, p. 52.
^ Keller 1990, p. 1.
^ Keller 1990, p. 2.
^ Lobell & Mauceri 2004, p. 61.
^ Keller 1990, p. 3.
^ ^a ^b Bolukbasi 2013, p. 138.
^ ^a ^b ^c Ростовский 2004.
^ ^a ^b Ləman 2013.
^ Гусейнзаде 2010.
^ Davam 2017.

Bibliography

Əkbərov, Nazim Fərrux oğlu (30 December 2013). "Nazim Əkbərov Səkinə xanım Əliyeva haqqında" [Nazim Akbarov: About the woman Sakina Aliyeva]. aqra.az (in Azerbaijani). Baku, Azerbaijan: "Aqra" Elmin İnkişafına Dəstək İctimai Birliyi. Archived from the original on 17 November 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
Əzimova, Sara (16 April 2015). "Tanınmış ictimai xadim Səkinə Əliyevanın 90 illik yubileyi qeyd olunub" [The 90th birthday of well-known public figure Sukina Aliyeva was celebrated]. Şərq Qapısı (in Azerbaijani). Nakhichevan. Archived from the original on 17 November 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
Bolukbasi, Suha (2013). Azerbaijan: A Political History. London, England: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85771-932-4.
Crowley, Edward L.; Lebed, Andrew I.; Schulz, Heinrich E., eds. (1968). "Alieva, Sakina Abbas kyzy". Prominent Personalities in the USSR. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press. p. 18. OCLC 82054760.
Гусейнзаде, Эльдар (20 April 2010). "В Азербайджане снят фильм о событиях выхода первой республики из состава СССР" [Azerbaijan made a film about the events of the first republic leaving the USSR] (in Russian). Baku, Azerbaijan. Trend News Agency. Archived from the original on 19 November 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
Kaufman, Stuart J. (2001). Modern Hatreds: The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-8736-6.
Keller, Bill (29 January 1990). "Upheaval in the East: Soviet Union; Force as a Last Resort: Armed Power Salvages Moscow's Facing Authority". The New York Times. New York City, New York. Archived from the original on 25 May 2015. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
Ləman, Fəridə (30 December 2013). "Səkinə Əliyeva – "Azadlıq carçısı", İşığın dostu, zülmətin düşməni olmuşdur" [Sakina Aliyeva - "Freedom herald", friend of light, became the enemy of darkness]. aqra.az (in Azerbaijani). Baku, Azerbaijan: "Aqra" Elmin İnkişafına Dəstək İctimai Birliyi. Archived from the original on 19 November 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
Lobell, Steven E.; Mauceri, Phjilip (2004). Ethnic Conflict and International Politics: Explaining Diffusion and Escalation. New York, New York: Palgrave Macmillan US. ISBN 978-1-4039-8141-7.
Ростовский, Михаил (6 February 2004). "Анатомия распада" [Anatomy of Decay]. Moskovskij Komsomolets (in Russian). Moscow, Russia. Archived from the original on 19 November 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
"SSRİ-ni dağıdan Rəhbər - Səkinə Əliyeva". Davam (in Azerbaijani). Baku, Azerbaijan. 28 January 2017. Archived from the original on 17 November 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2018. Leader in the destruction the USSR - Sakina Aliyeva
"Woman Red in Top Post". The Daily News. New York City, New York. Reuters. 13 April 1963. p. 8. Retrieved 18 November 2018 – via Newspapers.com.