Ruthzee Louijeune

Ruthzee Louijeune
Louijeune in 2022
President of the Boston City Council
Assumed office
January 1, 2024
Preceded byEd Flynn
Member of the Boston City Council at-large
Assumed office
January 1, 2022
Preceded byAnnissa Essaibi George
Personal details
Born1987 (age 36–37)
Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
EducationColumbia University (BA)
Harvard University (JD, MPA)

Ruthzee Louijeune (born 1987) is an American politician and lawyer serving as president of the Boston City Council. She has been an at-large member of the Boston City Council since January 2022, and has served as the council's president since January 2024. She is the first Haitian-American to serve on the council.

Early life and education

Louijeune is the daughter of immigrants to the United States from Haiti.[1]

She was raised in the Hyde Park and Mattapan neighborhoods of Boston.[2] She attended Charles H. Taylor Elementary School, and graduated from Boston Latin School in 2004. During high school, she interned in the office of State Representative Marie St. Fleur as part of the Ward Fellowship Program.[1]

Louijeune moved to New York City in order to attended Columbia University, where she graduated with a bachelor's degree in 2008.[2][3] After earning her undergraduate degree, she moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts, where she attended Harvard Kennedy School and Harvard Law School, earning a master's degree in public policy and a Juris Doctor in 2014.[2][1][3][4] At Harvard Law School, she was a student attorney at the Harvard Legal Aid Bureau.[5][6][7][8]

Louijeune worked as an attorney for Perkins Coie.[9] Louijeune also served as senior counsel for Elizabeth Warren's 2020 presidential campaign.[1] In 2021, Sean Philip Cotter of the Boston Herald described Louijeune as being a protégé of Warren.[10]

Loujuene founded Opening PLLC, a legal and advocacy firm.[11][12] The firm conducts consulting and works on affordable homeownership agreements in Boston.[1]

Louijeune has been involved as a volunteer with the Massachusetts Affordable Housing Alliance, representing low-income individuals in the housing court.[13][1][14][15] In her work with them, she has fought against eviction and to promote homeownership.[1] She has worked with them in their efforts to increase homeownership opprountities in Boston for first-generation home buyers.[15] She is considered to be a housing advocate.[15]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Loujeune volunteered with Guild Works to deliver food to food insecure and financially struggling residents of the Dorchester neighborhood.[12]

Boston City Council

First term

L–R: Congresswoman Ayanna Pressley, Senator Elizabeth Warren, and Louijeune at a 2022 Juneteenth event
Louijeune (left) with Governor Maura Healey during the 2023 South Boston St. Patrick's Day Parade
Louijeune with Senator Ed Markey

Louijeune was elected to Boston City Council in November 2021. As a first-time candidate Louijeune had a strong showing in the 2021 election, finishing third in the at-large race behind incumbent council members Michael F. Flaherty and Julia Mejia.[16][17] She is the first Haitian-American to serve on the council.[16] Her election the city council was regarded as demonstrating their growing clout in the area's politics. According to U.S. Census Bureau data, Greater Boston is home to the third-largest Haitian diaspora population in the United States.[18] She took office in January 2022.

In her first term, Louijeuene served as chair of the Civil Rights Committee[19] and vice-chair of the Housing and Community Development Committee[20]

In June 2022, the Boston City Council unanimously adopted a resolution introduced by Louijeune and Councilors Tania Fernandes Anderson and Kendra Lara which apologized for the city's historical role in the Atlantic slave trade.[21]

In late 2022, Louijeune proposed an amendment to have the city regulate beekeeping.[22] In late 2022, Louijeune played a key role in the passage of a 20% pay increase for members of the Boston Council, which was vetoed by Mayor Michelle Wu. Wu supported an 11% increase, which had been the recommendation of Boston’s compensation advisory board, but opposed a 20% increase.[23]

Louijeune and her City Council colleague Kendra Lara authored a resolution that was passed by the Boston City Council in late 2022 which urged Mayor Michelle Wu to raise the affordable housing unit requirements for new residential developments from 13% to 20% and to lower the threshold for which the requirements apply from buildings with nine or more units to buildings with five or more. The resolution also urged Wu to transition from utilizing HUD-designated area median income and to instead determine base affordability based upon the average income of a neighborhood.[24]

In late 2022, Louijeune gave her support to the idea of permitting immigrants who have legal immigration status to cast votes in elections for city offices.[25] More than 28% of Boston's city population are immigrants with legal immigration status. Fifteen other cities in the United States had already adopted similar measures. In December 2023, Louijeune voted to give City Council approval to a home rule petition that, if signed by the mayor, approved by the state legislature, and signed by the governor, would have granted such voting rights in local elections.[26]

In April 2023, the council unanimously adopted a resolution introduced by Louijeuene and Liz Breadon expressing support for an effort by residents and fellows at Mass General Brigham to form a trade union.[27]

After a judicial ruling required the city to adopt a new City Council district map to be used in the 2023 Boston City Council election, Ed Flynn, as president of the Boston City Council, tasked Louijeune with heading the process of drawing such a map in her capacity as the chair of the Civil Rights Committee. Flynn had assigned this task to Louijeune in order to avoid having Liz Breadon (as head of the Redistricting Committee) oversee it.[19] The adoption of a new map needed to be completed on an accelerated timeline in order to avoid a delay to the municipal elections. Over the course of two weeks weeks in which five lengthy hearings were held, a map was agreed upon by the Civil Rights Committee.[28] In late-May, the resulting map was adopted by the full council in a 10–2 vote[19] and signed into law by Mayor Wu.[29] Louijeune's leadership in resolving the contentious redistricting matter raised her profile in the city's politics and won her praise.[30] Emma Platoff of The Boston Globe called the passage of a new map, "a feat many feared would come too late if it happened at all," managing to adopt a new map in quick enough time to hold municipal elections on schedule.[28]

In August 2023, Boston Herald political columnist Joe Battenfeld characterized Louijeune as having quickly become a "rising star" on the city council. He wrote that she had become, "a fast-moving leader of the body in less than two years."[31] Other Boston political commentators had similarly called her a "rising star" on the council.[32]

Second term and council presidency

Louijeune (right) walks alongside Mayor Wu and State Auditor Diana DiZoglio during the 2024 South Boston St. Patrick's Day Parade
While attending the 2024 South Boston St. Patrick's Day Breakfast, Louijeune poses for a photograph with Governor Maura Healey and Lieutenant Governor Kim Driscoll (both dressed in costumes for a Dunkin'-related skit) and Mayor Michelle Wu

Louijeune received the most votes in the at-large race of the 2023 Boston City Council election, being re-elected to a second term.[33] Two days after the election, Louijeune claimed that she believed she had secured enough support from fellow individuals elected to the incoming city council to be elected the council's next president.[34] On January 1, 2024, after the new council was sworn-in, it voted unanimously to elect her as its president.[35]

Bill Forry of the Dorchester Reporter observed of Louijeune’s path to being elected council president,

Louijeune didn’t just win the most votes [in the November 2022 at-large city council election,] she backed the right candidates in the election, made smart alliances with existing colleagues, lined up her votes, and locked them in publicly. She deftly and quickly filled the void, shutting down the dithering that critics often point to as a negative trait of city government. That skillset bodes well for keeping councillors focused on the stack of pressing matters that we elected them to attend to.[36]

Forry also noted that Louijeune's election as council president marked a notable moment for Boston’s Haitian diaspora community, and found it to be “poignant” that the vote coincided with Haitian Independence Day.[36]

Loujuene served as a delegate to the 2024 Democratic National Convention.[37] Several weeks before the convention, incumbent president Joe Biden (the party's presumptive presidential nominee) withdrew his his candidacy for re-election and endorsed vice president Kamala Harris to instead be the party's presidential nominee. Shortly after this, Loujuene indicated her support for Harris's presidential candidacy and intention to support her at the convention.[38] After Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump began spreading the Springfield pet-eating hoax (a false conspiracy theory about a Haitian immigrant community in Springfield, Massachusetts) in September, Louijeune condemned Trump and participated in a protest decrying Trump's rhetoric.[39][40]

In 2024, Boston magazine called Louijeuene "Boston's brightest rising political star", and ranked her at #75 on its 2024 list of the "Most Influential Bostonians".[41][42]

Personal life

Louijeune lives in Boston's Hyde Park neighborhood.[1][18] In addition to English, Louijeuene is fluent in French and Haitian Creole. She also has conversational fluency in Spanish.[12]

Electoral history

2021 Boston City Council at-large election
Candidate Primary election[43] General election[44]
Votes % Votes %
Michael F. Flaherty (incumbent) 41,299 15.0 62,242 17.4
Julia Mejia (incumbent) 38,765 14.1 61,709 17.3
Ruthzee Louijeune 33,425 12.2 54,601 15.3
Erin Murphy 22,835 8.3 42,831 12.0
David Halbert 16,921 6.2 42,561 11.9
Carla Monteiro 18,844 6.9 39,648 11.1
Bridget Nee-Walsh 15,118 5.5 27,424 7.7
Althea Garrison 16,810 6.1 24,194 7.0
Kelly Bates 12,735 4.6  
Alexander Gray 11,263 4.1  
Jon Spillane 11,155 4.1  
Said Abdikarim 7,725 2.8  
Domingos DaRosa 7,139 2.6  
Donnie Palmer Jr. 6,823 2.5  
Roy Owens Sr. 5,223 1.9  
James Colimon 4,671 1.7  
Nick Vance 3,943 1.4  
Write-ins 845 0.3 1,350 0.4
Total 274,694 100 359,294 100
2023 Boston at-large City Council election[45]
Candidate Votes %
Ruthzee Louijeune (incumbent) 44,641 20.29
Erin Murphy (incumbent) 43,548 19.80
Julia Mejia (incumbent) 39,187 18.10
Henry Santana 34,151 15.53
Bridget Nee-Walsh 26,775 12.17
Shawn Nelson 10,512 4.78
Clifton A. Braithwaite 10,299 4.68
Catherine Vitale 8,560 3.89
Juwan Skeens write-in 113 0.05
all others 1,549 0.70
Total votes 219,965 100

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Kilgannon, Maddie (March 16, 2021). "Mattapan native Ruthzee Louijeune joins at-large council race". Dorchester Reporter. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
  2. ^ a b c Shimano, Mihiro (September 7, 2021). "Ruthzee Louijeune". Boston.com. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
  3. ^ a b "Ruthzee Louijeune". Ballotpedia. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
  4. ^ "Ruthzee Louijeune". WGBH. 2021. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
  5. ^ "Ruthzee Louijeune". WGBH. Archived from the original on February 11, 2022. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  6. ^ "City Council Candidate Loved Campus and Harlem". Columbia College Today. June 22, 2021. Archived from the original on February 11, 2022. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  7. ^ "Meet the Candidate". Ruthzee Louijeune for Boston City Council At-Large. Archived from the original on February 11, 2022. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  8. ^ Zeder, Jeri (August 17, 2011). "Law on the Home Front". Harvard Law Today. Retrieved March 30, 2022.
  9. ^ McDonald, Danny (August 23, 2021). "Ruthzee Louijeune releases TV ad, in rare move for a Boston city council candidate - The Boston Globe". BostonGlobe.com. Archived from the original on February 11, 2022. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  10. ^ Cotter, Sean Philip (September 15, 2021). "Who advanced through the Boston City Council preliminary elections?". Boston Herald. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
  11. ^ Norton, Michael P. (January 2, 2024). "'I believe in Boston': Ruthzee Louijeune elected new city council president". NBC Boston.
  12. ^ a b c "Ruthzee Louijeune Launches Campaign for Boston City Council At-Large". Beacon Hill Times. March 18, 2021. Retrieved February 21, 2024.
  13. ^ Ta, Ha (March 24, 2021). "City council race: Ruthzee Louijeune running for at-large seat". The Scope. Archived from the original on February 11, 2022. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  14. ^ Ratto, Isabella (October 14, 2021). "Built in Boston, City Council candidate Ruthzee Louijeune hopes to build better for the next generation". The Huntington News. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
  15. ^ a b c Ta, Ha (March 24, 2021). "City council race: Ruthzee Louijeune running for at-large seat". The Scope. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
  16. ^ a b "Ruthzee Louijeune secures at-large spot on council". The Bay State Banner. November 3, 2021. Archived from the original on February 11, 2022. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  17. ^ "Louijeune wins solid 3rd-place finish; first Haitian American to join council". www.dotnews.com. The Dorchester Reporter. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  18. ^ a b Bleichfeld, Avery (January 10, 2024). "Ruthzee Louijeune: On top of her game". The Bay State Banner. Retrieved February 21, 2024.
  19. ^ a b c Miller, Yawu (May 31, 2023). "Redrawn Council Map Raises New Issues". Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  20. ^ Thompson, Isaiah (March 29, 2023). "Council Probes Lending Discrimination". Bay State Banner. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
  21. ^ Grove, Rashad (June 20, 2022). "Boston City Council Apologizes for its Role in Slavery". Ebony. Retrieved April 16, 2023.
  22. ^ McCourt, Clara (October 4, 2022). "New proposal could regulate Boston beekeeping". www.boston.com. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  23. ^ Wintersmith, Saraya (October 17, 2022). "Mayor vetoes Boston City Council's 20% pay hike". WGBH. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
  24. ^ Miller, Yawu (December 7, 2022). "Council calls on Wu to increase affordable unit requirements". The Bay State Banner. Retrieved April 16, 2023.
  25. ^ Zokovitch, Grace (December 12, 2022). "Immigrant Voting Proposal Comes Before City Council". Boston Herald. Retrieved April 16, 2023.
  26. ^ Cawley, Gayla (December 14, 2023). "Boston City Council Approves Voting Rights For Immigrants With 'Legal Status'". Boston Herald. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  27. ^ Choe, Jina H.; Kettles, Cam E. (April 28, 2023). "Boston City Council Unanimously Votes to Support MGB Union Campaign". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
  28. ^ a b Platoff, Emma (June 20, 2023). "Redistricting Drama Threw Boston City Council Into Chaos. Enter Ruthzee Louijeune". The Boston Globe.
  29. ^ "Mayor Michelle Wu signs off on new Boston electoral map". WBUR. May 27, 2023.
  30. ^ Cristantiello, Ross (January 5, 2024). "Meet New City Council President Ruthzee Louijeune". Boston.com. Retrieved February 21, 2024.
  31. ^ Battenfeld, Joe (August 19, 2023). "Ruthzee Louijeune Emerging As Top Contender For Bickering Boston City Council Presidency". Boston Herald. Retrieved November 10, 2023.
  32. ^ "Boston's next mayoral race is two years off. Who are Mayor Wu's prospective challengers? --at 8:40". youtube.com. GHB News. Retrieved July 28, 2023.
  33. ^ "Louijeune and Murphy top at-large council ticket; Santana secures fourth slot". The Dorchester Reporter. November 8, 2023. Retrieved November 10, 2023.
  34. ^ Danny, McDonald (November 9, 2023). "Louijeune says she has the support to become Boston City Council president". The Boston Globe. Retrieved November 10, 2023.
  35. ^ Multiple sources:
  36. ^ a b Forry, Bill (January 10, 2024). "It's time to give Louijeune her due". Dorchester Reporter. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
  37. ^ Garrity, Kelly (August 20, 2024). "Primary Poll Positioning". Politico. Retrieved October 8, 2024.
  38. ^ Cooper, Kenneth J. (July 24, 2024). "Black Democratic Delegates from Mass. Endorse Harris". Bay State Banner. Retrieved October 8, 2024.
  39. ^ Sacchetti, Sharman (September 29, 2024). "Boston's Ruthzee Louijeune reacts to 'blatant lies' about Haitians". WCVB. Retrieved October 8, 2024.
  40. ^ Patkin, Abby (September 30, 2024). "Louijeune Joins Protesters to Decry Trump Villainizing Haitians for Political Gain". Boston.com.
  41. ^ Soroff, Jonathan (October 4, 2024). "This City Councilor Is Boston's Brightest Rising Political Star". Boston Magazine. Retrieved October 8, 2024.
  42. ^ "The 150 Most Influential Bostonians in 2024". Boston Magazine. April 22, 2024. Retrieved October 8, 2024.
  43. ^ "City of Boston Municipal Election -November 2, 2021 City Councilor At Large" (PDF). Boston.gov. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
  44. ^ Waller, John (November 2, 2021). "2021 Boston City Council election results". Boston.Com. Archived from the original on February 11, 2022. Retrieved November 5, 2021.
  45. ^ "City of Boston Municipal Election - November 7, 2023 City Councilor At Large" (PDF). www.cityofboston.gov. City of Boston. Retrieved February 4, 2024.

Read other articles:

Let's FlyAlbum mini karya B1A4DirilisNovember 2014Direkam2014GenreRockDurasi21:09BahasaIndonesiaLabelFLY MUSICProduserBobby BlastaSingel dalam album Let's Fly Memang AkuDirilis: 21 November 2014 (2014-11-21) CemburuDirilis: 13 Juli 2015 (2015-07-13) Sebelum tiba adzabmuDirilis: 01 Juni 2016 (2016-06-01) Let's Fly adalah album mini debut oleh boyband Korea Selatan, B1A4 dan dirilis oleh WM Entertainment pada 21 April 2011. Disusun oleh Lee Sang-ho, tetapi Im Sanghyuk (pe...

 

 

Confederate Army officer in the American Civil War Joseph White LatimerJoseph White LatimerBorn(1843-08-27)August 27, 1843Oak Ridge, Prince William County, VirginiaDiedAugust 1, 1863(1863-08-01) (aged 19)Harrisonburg, Rockingham County, VirginiaBuriedWoodbine Cemetery, Harrisonburg, Rockingham County, VirginiaAllegiance Confederate States of AmericaService/branch Confederate States ArmyYears of service1861–63Rank MajorBattles/warsAmerican Civil War Joseph White Latim...

 

 

2011 2021 Élections départementales de 2015 dans le Territoire de Belfort 18 sièges au sein du conseil départemental les 22 et 29 mars 2015 Type d’élection Élections départementales Campagne Du 9 mars 2015 au 21 mars 2015 Du 23 mars 2015 au 28 mars 2015 Corps électoral et résultats Population 146 935 Inscrits au 1er tour 95 135 Votants au 1er tour 51 681   54,32 % Votes exprimés au 1er tour 48 785 Votes blancs au 1er tour 1 757 Votes nuls...

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (ديسمبر 2018) كأس المثابرة 2001التاريخ2001  الملعبملعب الشعب الدولي  وهي سادس بطولة كأس السوبر في العراق والتي تقام ب...

 

 

Canoeingat the Games of the XVIII OlympiadCanoeing at the 1964 Summer Olympics (women's K2) on a stamp of JapanNo. of events7← 19601968 → Canoeing at the1964 Summer OlympicsSprintC-1 1000 mmenC-2 1000 mmenK-1 500 mwomenK-1 1000 mmenK-2 500 mwomenK-2 1000 mmenK-4 1000 mmenvte Canoeing at the 1964 Summer Olympics was held between 20 October 1964 and 22 October 1964 on Lake Sagami, 60 kilometres (37 miles) from Sagamiko, Kanagawa, Japan. There were 7 events, 5 of which were...

 

 

Синелобый амазон Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:ЗавропсидыКласс:Пт�...

Capital and largest city of Colombia For other uses, see Bogotá (disambiguation). Capital city in ColombiaBogotáCapital cityCiudad de BogotáSkyline of the International District of Bogotá with the tallest buildings in ColombiaLa CandelariaGold MuseumNational MuseumMonserrate SanctuaryNational ParkBolívar Square, with Palace of Justice (left), Primatial Cathedral (center) and National Capitol (right) FlagSealWordmarkNicknames: La Atenas Suramericana(The South American Athens) La Ciud...

 

 

Branch of chemistry This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: the article has poor information content and addresses only a few parts of the topic. Please help improve this article if you can. (January 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Jacobus van 't Hoff (1852–1911), an influential theoretical chemist and the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Theoretical chemistry is the branch of chemistry which develops th...

 

 

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento anime e manga non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Ken il guerriero - La trilogia新・北斗の拳(Shin Hokuto no ken)Kenshiro e Seiji in una scena della terza puntata OAVRegiaTakashi Watanabe Produttore esecutivoRen Usami ProduttoreKayo Fukuda SoggettoBuro...

Greek-American engineer, physician and entrepreneur Peter DiamandisBorn (1961-05-20) May 20, 1961 (age 62)New York City, New York, U.S.EducationHamilton CollegeMassachusetts Institute of Technology (BS, MS)Harvard University (MD)EmployerX Prize FoundationKnown forPersonal spaceflight industryTitleChairmanWebsitediamandis.com Peter H. Diamandis (/ˌdiːəˈmændɪs/ DEE-ə-MAN-diss; born May 20, 1961) is an American marketer, engineer, physician,[1] and entrepreneur of Greek-...

 

 

Leading English defamation case of 1999 Reynolds v Times Newspapers LtdCourtHouse of LordsFull case nameReynolds v Times Newspapers Ltd and Others Decided1999Citation(s)[1999] UKHL 45, [1999] 4 All ER 609, [2001] 2 AC 127Case historyPrior action(s)[1998] EMLR 723[1998] 3 WLR 862Subsequent action(s)[2001] 2 AC 127 (HL)Court membershipJudge(s) sittingCourt of Appeal: Lord Bingham of Cornhill CJ, Hirst and Robert Walker LJJ House of Lords: Lord Nicholls of Birkenhead, Lord Hope of Craighead, Lor...

 

 

Villers-AllerandcomuneVillers-Allerand – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Francia RegioneGrand Est Dipartimento Marna ArrondissementReims CantoneMourmelon-Vesle et Monts de Champagne TerritorioCoordinate49°10′N 4°01′E / 49.166667°N 4.016667°E49.166667; 4.016667 (Villers-Allerand)Coordinate: 49°10′N 4°01′E / 49.166667°N 4.016667°E49.166667; 4.016667 (Villers-Allerand) Superficie12,32 km² Abitanti860[1] (2009) Densità69,81...

教宗聖保祿六世Sanctus Paulus PP. VI羅馬主教1969年的保祿六世就任1963年6月21日卸任1978年8月6日(在位15年46天)前任教宗若望二十三世繼任教宗若望保祿一世聖秩晉鐸由雅欽多·加賈(英语:Giacinto Gaggia)主教於1920年5月29日晉鐸晉牧由恩仁·蒂塞蘭德(英语:Eugène Tisserant)樞機於1954年12月12日晉牧擢升樞機由教宗若望二十三世於1958年12月15日擢升個人資料本名Giovanni Battista Enrico A...

 

 

2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会马来西亚代表團马来西亚国旗IOC編碼MASNOC马来西亚奥林匹克理事会網站olympic.org.my(英文)2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会(東京)2021年7月23日至8月8日(受2019冠状病毒病疫情影响推迟,但仍保留原定名称)運動員30參賽項目10个大项旗手开幕式:李梓嘉和吳柳螢(羽毛球)[1][2]閉幕式:潘德莉拉(跳水)[3]獎牌榜排名第74 金牌 銀牌 銅�...

 

 

1254 - MCCLIV(2007 A.U.C.)770 år sedan År1251 | 1252 | 125312541255 | 1256 | 1257 Årtionde1230-talet  | 1240-talet 1250-talet1260-talet | 1270-talet Århundrade1100-talet 1200-talet1300-talet Årtusende1000-talet Året Födda | AvlidnaBildanden | Upplösningar 1254 (MCCLIV) var ett normalår som började en torsdag i den Julianska kalendern. Händelser December 12 december – Sedan Innocentius IV har avlidit en vecka tidigare v�...

Family of bats MormoopidaeTemporal range: Oligocene to Recent Antillean ghost-faced bat's (Mormoops blainvillii) face by Ernst Haeckel (1904) Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Chiroptera Superfamily: Noctilionoidea Family: MormoopidaeSaussure, 1860 Type genus MormoopsLeach, 1821 Genera Mormoops Pteronotus † Koopmanycteris The family Mormoopidae contains bats known generally as mustached bats, ghost-faced bats, and naked-bac...

 

 

Russian anti-communist general (1886–1921) BaronRoman von Ungern-SternbergUngern-Sternberg in Irkutsk under interrogation at the headquarters of the 5th Red Army, 1921Birth nameNikolai Robert Maximilian Freiherr[a] von Ungern-SternbergNickname(s)The Mad BaronThe Bloody BaronBorn(1886-01-10)10 January 1886Graz, Austria-HungaryDied15 September 1921(1921-09-15) (aged 35)Novonikolayevsk, Russian SFSR (now Novosibirsk)Cause of deathExecution by firing squadAllegianceRussia (190...

 

 

Distretti delle Bahamas I distretti delle Bahamas costituiscono la suddivisione territoriale di primo livello del Paese e sono pari a 31; ad essi è equiordinato il territorio di New Providence, in cui ha sede la capitale, Nassau, amministrato direttamente dal governo centrale. La suddivisione in distretti fu introdotta nel 1996, quando furono istituiti 23 distretti; altri 8 furono invece creati nel 1999. Il successivo livello territoriale è rappresentato da municipalità di secondo grado (i...

For the homonymous party founded in 1976, see People's Party (Spain, 1976). Reformist Centre redirects here. For reformism in politics more generally, see Reformism. This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and remo...

 

 

Mating system in which the female partner may have multiple partners This article is about polyandrous marriage practices. For polyandrous animal mating, see Polyandry in nature. Draupadi and her five brother husbands, the Pandavas. Top down, from left to right: the twins Nakula and Sahadeva stand either side of the throne on which Yudhishthira and Draupadi sit between Bhima and Arjuna. Part of a series on theAnthropology of kinship Basic concepts Family Lineage Affinity Consanguinity Marriag...