PROFILPELAJAR.COM

Royal Malta Artillery
Royal Malta Artillery
	Cap badge
Founded	1889
Disbanded	1970
Headquarters	Fort St Elmo, Valletta
Personnel
Conscription	Volunteer and Territorial Force
Deployed personnel	Western Desert and BAOR

A 40mm Bofors Anti-Aircraft gun used by the RMA in WWII. Note characteristic Malta rock camouflage.

The Royal Malta Artillery (RMA) was a regular artillery unit of the British Army prior to Malta's independence. It was formed in 1889, having been called the Royal Malta Fencible Artillery from 1861 until 1889.^[1]^[2]

Initially on the British Establishment, the regiment was disbanded in 1970 with its personnel and equipment being handed over to the Maltese Government and becoming part of the Malta Land Force.

History

Victorian era

The RMA was a compact force in the late Nineteenth Century and in 1891 it is recorded as being deployed as follows:^[3]

Headquarters in Fort Lascaris
Sub-units based at St Antonio's Gardens in Attard and Fort St Angelo.

Initially, the average strength of the RMA was 365 men, but by the beginning of the 20th century, the unit has more than doubled its size, with its HQ still at Fort Lascaris and two companies based at Fort St Angelo and Fort Salvatore at Cottonera. The unit had a total of eight companies two of which were earmarked for service beyond the island and one RMA Company would be deployed to serve in Egypt (Cairo and Alexandria) in the early 1900s. The Malta-based units were arranged as follows:

HQ RMA was still at Fort Lascaris
1 Company was based at Fort Lascaris
2 Company was based at the Crucifix Bastion in Valletta
3 Company was based at Spinola Camp in the vicinity of the Spinola Battery
4 Company was based at Fort St Angelo
5 Company was based at Cairo, Egypt
Depot Company was based at Fort Lascaris.

World War I

Up until the outbreak of hostilities the RMA had steadily been reduced to a Depot Company and Three Gun Companies (of various types and roles). In 1914 this trend was reversed and the RMA raised an extra company and was deployed thus:

HQ and 1 Company based at Forts Lascaris, San Leonardo and Tigné
2 Company based at Fort Bingemma
3 Company based at Fort Mosta
4 Company also based at Tigné
5 Company would be raised in 1918 and based at Fort San Rocco.

Inter-war years

At the end of the Great War, the RMA were deployed to guarding POWs until 1920 when they were taken off this task and the unit was reduced to its pre-war three company order of battle (ORBAT). The RMA would spend the inter-war years acting as coastal and heavy anti-aircraft artillery. From 1938 onwards the RMA expanded to make up two coast regiments. one of which would become a heavy anti-aircraft regiment.^[4]

World War II

The RMA is known to have had the following units on its ORBAT:^[5]^[6]^[7] They were vital in repelling the Italian naval attack on Grand Harbour on 26 July 1941.

1 Coast Regiment, RMA, present 25 August 1941 & June 1943
2 Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, RMA, present 1 January 1940; defending Ta' Qali airfield^[8]
3 Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, RMA, present June 1941 (made up of 10, 15, 22 and 30 Batteries) - equipped with Bofors 40mm QF Guns
5 Coast Regiment, RMA
11 Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, RMA (Territorial) present 1 January 1942
14 Heavy Anti-Aircraft (Relief) Battery, RMA, part of 4 Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, RA^[9]
8 Searchlight Battery, RMA, part of the mixed British-Maltese 4 Searchlight Regiment, RA/RMA^[10]^[11]
13 Defence Battery, RMA, formed 22 August 1941 as part of 26 Defence Regiment, RA, transferred to 5 Coast Regiment, RMA, 1 June 1942^[12]

Post-war service in Germany

1 Regiment Royal Malta Artillery served in Germany within BAOR from 1962 to 1970.^[13] In 1968 the then Prime Minister of Malta George Borg Olivier visited the Regiment in its barracks in Mulheim, and announced that the 1st Regiment RMA would cease to be part of the British Army of the Rhine in 1970 and could return to Malta to form the core of its land forces. 500 officers and men from the Royal Malta Artillery took their oath of allegiance and were enlisted in the Malta Land Force (MLF) on 1 October 1970. Maltese Engineer and Signals personnel were also absorbed into the force that day.^[14]

WWII uniforms and equipment

During World War II the RMA wore the same uniform as the British Army.

Make	Origin	Type
Khaki drill	United Kingdom	Summer uniform
Battle dress	United Kingdom	Winter uniform
Side cap	United Kingdom	Headgear
Brodie helmet	United Kingdom	Helmet
1937 pattern web equipment	United Kingdom	Webbing

Most, if not all units stationed in Malta during World War II including the RMA had adopted a unique camouflage pattern on their helmets. This pattern attempted to replicate the rubble walls that are still commonly used to separate fields and properties in Malta. It was also applied to vehicles, bunkers and anti-aircraft guns.

WWII small arms

During World War II the RMA used the same personal and crew-served weapons in service with the British Army.

Make	Origin	Type
Lee–Enfield (Mk III)	United Kingdom	Bolt-action Rifle
Webley Revolver	Britain	Service Revolver
Bren light machine gun	United Kingdom	Light machine gun
Thompson submachine gun	United States	Submachine gun
Sten	United Kingdom	Submachine gun

WWII heavy weapons

During World War II the RMA used light and heavy anti-aircraft guns and searchlights to help defend the island against air attack.^[15]

Make	Origin	Type
Bofors QF 40 mm Mark I	Sweden	Light AAA
QF 3.7-inch AA gun	Britain	Heavy AAA
QF 4.5-inch naval gun	Britain	Heavy AAA/Coastal Gun

The RMA used a range of UK/US manufactured support vehicles as general duties and logistics support. They also manned a range of searchlight and target acquisition systems associated with the anti-aircraft artillery.