Roscoelite

Roscoelite
Roscoelite and gold
General
Category	Phyllosilicate
Formula (repeating unit)	K(V³⁺,Al,Mg)₂AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂
IMA symbol	Rcl^[1]
Strunz classification	9.EC.15
Crystal system	Monoclinic
Crystal class	Prismatic (2/m) (same H-M symbol)
Space group	C2/m
Identification
Formula mass	426.53 g/mol
Colour	olive-green to green-brown
Crystal habit	scales, fans, druses, rosettes, fibrous or felted aggregate.
Cleavage	Perfect plane {0,0,1}
Fracture	platy
Mohs scale hardness	1
Lustre	pearly
Diaphaneity	semi-transparent to translucent
Specific gravity	2.92 - 2.96
Optical properties	Biaxial (-)
Refractive index	nα=1.60 nβ=1.66 nγ=1.67
Birefringence	δ =
Pleochroism	olive green to green-brown
Fusibility	loses water

Roscoelite is a green mineral from the mica group that contains vanadium.

The chemical formula is K(V³⁺, Al, Mg)₂Al Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂.^[2] Crystals of roscoelite take on the monoclinic form, and are from the 2/m point group. The appearance is semi transparent to translucent coloured olive brown to green brown. The lustre is pearly. The mineral shows pleochroism with X showing green-brown, and Y and Z axes showing olive-green colour. The mineral was named after Henry Enfield Roscoe who first produced vanadium metal.

Chemical properties

Roscoelite is a muscovite with aluminium substituted with vanadium. Vanadium can also be substituted by magnesium, iron, or manganese.

Physical properties

It is soft and the density is 2.93±0.01. The unit cell has dimensions

a = 526 pm

b = 909 pm

c = 1025 pm,

with an angle between axes of β=101.0°. The tetrahedral cation-oxygen atom distance is 164.1 pm, The distance from the cation to the oxygen in the octahedral plan is 202 pm.^[3]

Formation

Two kinds of mineral deposits contain roscoelite, either gold-silver-tellurium low temperature epithermal deposits where it occurs along with quartz, fluorite, pyrite and carbonates, or oxidized low temperature uranium-vanadium ores in sedimentary rocks, where it occurs with corvusite, hewettite, carnotite and tyuyamunite. Roecoelite is considered a gangue mineral of no value when found with gold.^[4] However it has also been used as a vanadium ore.

In the Mt. Kare mine in New Guinea the mineral occurs with gold and is an important maker of gold deposits. The temperature of the geothermal fluid that deposited the roscoelite was from 127 to 167 °C (261 to 333 °F). The fluid contained a high level of salt and also contained carbon dioxide, methane, carbonyl sulfide and other minor amounts of rock forming elements.^[5]

Occurrence

The mineral has been found in numerous places in US, Australia, Japan, Gabon, Fiji, New Guinea^[6] and Czech Republic. In the United States, it was the principal vanadium ore mineral at the mines at Placerville, Colorado. In Australia roscoelite has been found at Kalgoorlie, Radium Hill and the Kintore Open Cut at Broken Hill.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
^ Roscoelite information^{[full citation needed]}
^ Brigatti, Maria Franca; Caprilli, Enrico; Marchesini, Marco; Poppi, Luciano (2003). "The crystal structure of Roscoelite-1M". Clays and Clay Minerals. 51 (3): 301–8. Bibcode:2003CCM....51..301B. doi:10.1346/CCMN.2003.0510306. S2CID 94934052. INIST 14848261.
^ Kelley, Karen; Armbrustmacher, Theodore; Klein, Douglas (2004) [1996]. "Au-Ag-Te Vein Deposits" (PDF). In du Bray, Edward A. (ed.). Preliminary Compilation of Descriptive Geoenvironmental Mineral Deposit Models. United States Geological Survey.
^ Ronacher, E.; Richards, J. P.; Reed, M. H.; Bray, C. J.; Spooner, E. T. C.; Adams, P. D. (2004). "Characteristics and Evolution of the Hydrothermal Fluid in the North Zone High-Grade Area, Porgera Gold Deposit, Papua New Guinea". Economic Geology. 99 (5): 843–67. Bibcode:2004EcGeo..99..843R. doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.99.5.843.
^ Buffalo Gold at Mt Kare

v t e Phyllosilicates
Micas	Aluminoceladonite Anandite Annite Aspidolite Balestraite Bityite Biotite Boromuscovite Bramallite Celadonite Chernykhite Chromphyllite Clintonite Eastonite Ephesite Ferroaluminoceladonite Ferroceladonite Fluorannite Fluorokinoshitalite Fluorophlogopite Fluorotetraferriphlogopite Garmite Glauconite Gorbunovite Hendricksite Illite Kinoshitalite Lepidolite Luanshiweiite Manganiceladonite Margarite Masutomilite Montdorite Muscovite Nanpingite Norrishite Orlovite Oxyphlogopite Paragonite Phengite Phlogopite Polylithionite Preiswerkite Roscoelite Siderophyllite Suhailite Tainiolite Tetraferriannite Trilithionite Voloshinite Wonesite Yangzhumingite
Talcs	Minnesotaite Talc Willemseite
Pyrophyllite series	Ferripyrophyllite Pyrophyllite
Kaolinites	Bismutoferrite Dickite Halloysite Hisingerite Kaolinite Nacrite
Serpentines	Amesite Antigorite Berthierine Brindleyite Caryopilite Chrysotile Cronstedtite Fraipontite Greenalite Guidottiite Kellyite Lizardite Manandonite Népouite Odinite Pecoraite
Corrensites	Aliettite Brinrobertsite Corrensite Dozyite Hydrobiotite Karpinskite Kulkeite Lunijianlaite Rectorite Saliotite Tosudite
Smectites and vermiculite family	Beidellite Ferrosaponite Montmorillonite Nontronite Saponite Sauconite Swinefordite Vermiculite Volkonskoite Yakhontovite
Chlorites	Baileychlore Borocookeite Chamosite Clinochlore Cookeite Donbassite Gonyerite Nimite Pennantite Sudoite
Allophanes	Allophane Chrysocolla Imogolite Neotocite
Sepiolites	Falcondoite Ferrisepiolite Sepiolite
Pyrosmalites	Friedelite Mcgillite Nelenite Pyrosmalite Schallerite
Stilpnomelanes	Bannisterite Franklinphilite Lennilenapeite Parsettensite Stilpnomelane
Structural groups mainly; based on rruff.info/ima, modified Minerals portal

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