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Sir
Robert Sibbald
Sir Robert Sibbald
Born	15 April 1641; Edinburgh, Scotland
Died	August 1722 (aged 81)
Education	High School, Edinburgh; Edinburgh University
Known for	President and founder of Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, ; Founder of Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh; First Professor of Medicine at Edinburgh University
	Medical career
Profession	physician, antiquary, geographer
Institutions	President, Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (1684), Edinburgh; Professor of Medicine, Edinburgh University (1685)
Sub-specialties	botanic medicine
Research	botany, medicine

Sir Robert Sibbald (15 April 1641 – August 1722) was a Scottish physician and antiquary.

Life

He was born in Edinburgh, the son of David Sibbald (brother of Sir James Sibbald) and Margaret Boyd (January 1606 – 10 July 1672). Educated at the Royal High School and the Universities of Edinburgh, Leiden, and Paris, he took his doctor's degree at the University of Angers in 1662, and soon afterwards settled as a physician working in Edinburgh. He resided at "Kipps Castle" near Linlithgow.^[3] In 1667 with Sir Andrew Balfour he started the botanical garden in Edinburgh, and he took a leading part^[4] in establishing the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, of which he was elected president in 1684.^[5] Both Sibbald and Balfour were proponents of the Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia.

In 1682, Sibbald began assembling material for a projected two volume geographical description or atlas of Scotland, recruiting parish ministers and members of the nobility and gentry to assist him in the task. While the work was never published, many of the manuscripts describing aspects of the geography, natural history and antiquities of parts of Scotland have survived.^[6]

In 1685 he was appointed the first professor of medicine at the University of Edinburgh. He was knighted, named Physician to the King, and appointed Geographer Royal in 1682.^[7]^[8]

His numerous and miscellaneous writings deal with historical and antiquarian as well as with botanical and medical subjects.^[5] He based many of his cartographical studies on the work of Timothy Pont.^[9]

He is buried in Greyfriars Kirkyard in Edinburgh in a vault against the southern wall.

Sibbaldia procumbens^[10] (Rosaceae), that Sibbald described and illustrated^[11] in his book Scotia illustrata in 1684 (volume 2, tab. 6(1)), was named after him in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus.^[12] Sibbaldia is a genus of about 13 species of flowering plants.^[13] In 1941, the Russian botanist Sergei Vasilievich Juzepczuk (1893-1959) published Sibbaldianthe, also in the family Rosaceae, which has about 7 species.^[14]

Taxonomy of the blue whale—Sibbaldus

Sibbald is also remembered for his study of whales.^[15] Originally the blue whale was named after Sibbald, who first described it scientifically.

Although the blue whale is today usually classified as one of eight species in the genus Balaenoptera, one authority still places it in a separate monotypic genus, Sibbaldus,^[16] but this is not widely accepted.

The blue whale was once commonly referred to as Sibbald's rorqual.

Works

Sibbald's historical and antiquarian works include:

1683: An Account of the Scottish Atlas. Folio, Edinburgh
1684: Scotia illustrata. Edinburgh
1699: Memoria Balfouriana; sive, Historia rerum, pro literis promovendis, gestarum a ... fratribus Balfouriis ... Jacobo ... et ... Andrea. Authore R.S.. Edinburgi: Typis Hæredum Andreæ Anderson
1699: Provision for the poor in time of dearth and scarcity
1710: A History Ancient and Modern of the Sheriffdoms of Fife and Kinross. Edinburgh
1711: Description of the Isles of Orkney and Shetland. Folio, Edinburgh
1803: A History Ancient and Modern of the Sheriffdoms of Fife and Kinross. Cupar
1837: The Remains of Sir Robert Sibbald, containing his autobiography, memoirs of the Royal College of Physicians, a portion of his literary correspondence, and an account of his MSS.; [edited by James Maidment], 2 pt. in 1 vol. Edinburgh: [printed for the editor]; edition of thirty-five copies; the titlepage of the Autobiography bears the date 1833
1845: Description of the Isles of Orkney and Shetland (folio, Edinburgh)

References

^ http://digital.nls.uk/slezer/sibbald.html National Library of Scotland – Robert Sibbald
^ https://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/yourpaintings/paintings/sir-robert-sibbald-16411722-186123 BBC Your Paintings – Robert Sibbald
^ History of Livingston, William F hendrie
^ "Robert Sibbald". Royal College of Physicians Of Edinburgh. 9 February 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
^ ^a ^b Chisholm 1911.
^ Withers, Charles, W.J. (1999), Introduction to A Description of the Western Islands of Scotland circa 1695 by Martin Martin, Birlinn, Edinburgh, pp. 1 - 12, ISBN 978-1-78027-546-8
^ Emerson, Roger L. (1 January 1988). "Sir Robert Sibbald, Kt, The Royal Society of Scotland and the origins of the Scottish enlightenment". Annals of Science. 45 (1): 41–72. doi:10.1080/00033798800200111. ISSN 0003-3790. PMID 11621382.
^ Sir William Jardine, The Natural History of the Birds of Great Britain and Ireland, publ. W.H. Lizars, 1838. Frontispiece
^ Withers, Charles W.J. (1 January 1996). "Geography, science and national identity in early modern Britain: The case of Scotland and the work of Sir Robert Sibbald (1641–1722)". Annals of Science. 53 (1): 29–73. doi:10.1080/00033799600200111. ISSN 0003-3790.
^ "Southwest Colorado Wildflowers, Sibbaldia procumbens".
^ "Biblioteca Digital Real Jardín Botánico Madrid RJB CSIC".
^ Sp. Pl. 1: 284. 1753
^ "Sibbaldia". theplantlist.org. The Plant List. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
^ "Sibbaldianthe Juz. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
^ Barker, Veronica F.; Bouchier, Ian A. D. (July 1976). "Robert Sibbald". Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London. 10 (4): 413–418. ISSN 0035-8819. PMC 5366456. PMID 784968.
^ Barnes LG, McLeod SA. (1984). "The fossil record and phyletic relationships of gray whales.". In Jones ML; et al. (eds.). The Gray Whale. Orlando, Florida: Academic Press. pp. 3–32. ISBN 0-12-389180-9.

Attribution

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Sibbald, Sir Robert". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.