Rickettsiosis

Rickettsiosis
SpecialtyInfectious disease

A rickettsiosis is a disease caused by intracellular bacteria.

Cause

Rickettsioses can be divided into a spotted fever group (SPG) and typhus group (TG).[1]

In the past, rickettsioses were considered to be caused by species of Rickettsia.[2] However, scrub typhus is still considered a rickettsiosis, even though the causative organism has been reclassified from Rickettsia tsutsugamushi to Orientia tsutsugamushi.[citation needed] Examples of rickettsioses include typhus, both endemic and epidemic, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and Rickettsialpox.[citation needed] Organisms involved include Rickettsia parkeri.[3]

Many new causative organisms have been identified in the last few decades.[4] Most are in the genus Rickettsia, but scrub typhus is in the genus Orientia.[5]

Diagnosis

No rapid laboratory tests are available to diagnose rickettsial diseases early in the course of illness, and serologic assays usually take 10–12 days to become positive. Research is indicating that swabs of eschars may be used for molecular detection of rickettsial infections.[6][7]

Treatment

Doxycycline has been used in the treatment of rickettsial infection.[8]

References

  1. ^ Choi YJ, Jang WJ, Ryu JS, et al. (February 2005). "Spotted fever group and typhus group rickettsioses in humans, South Korea". Emerging Infect. Dis. 11 (2): 237–44. doi:10.3201/eid1102.040603. PMC 3320442. PMID 15752441.
  2. ^ Raoult D, Roux V (October 1997). "Rickettsioses as paradigms of new or emerging infectious diseases". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 10 (4): 694–719. doi:10.1128/CMR.10.4.694. PMC 172941. PMID 9336669.
  3. ^ Paddock CD, Finley RW, Wright CS, et al. (November 2008). "Rickettsia parkeri rickettsiosis and its clinical distinction from Rocky Mountain spotted fever". Clin. Infect. Dis. 47 (9): 1188–96. doi:10.1086/592254. PMID 18808353.
  4. ^ Parola P, Paddock CD, Raoult D (October 2005). "Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: Emerging Diseases Challenging Old Concepts". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 18 (4): 719–56. doi:10.1128/CMR.18.4.719-756.2005. PMC 1265907. PMID 16223955.
  5. ^ Unsworth NB, Stenos J, Faa AG, Graves SR (July 2007). "Three Rickettsioses, Darnley Island, Australia". Emerging Infect. Dis. 13 (7): 1105–7. doi:10.3201/eid1307.050088. PMC 2878210. PMID 18214193.
  6. ^ Angelakis, Emmanouil; Richet, Hervé; Rolain, Jean-Marc; La Scola, Bernard; Raoult, Didier (2012). "Comparison of real-time quantitative PCR and culture for the diagnosis of emerging Rickettsioses". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 6 (3): e1540. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001540. ISSN 1935-2735. PMC 3295807. PMID 22413026.
  7. ^ Giulieri, Stefano; Jaton, Katia; Cometta, Alain; Trellu, Laurence T.; Greub, Gilbert (February 2012). "Development of a duplex real-time PCR for the detection of Rickettsia spp. and typhus group rickettsia in clinical samples". FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology. 64 (1): 92–97. doi:10.1111/j.1574-695X.2011.00910.x. ISSN 1574-695X. PMID 22098502.
  8. ^ "Rickettsial Infection: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology". reference.medscape.com.

Read other articles:

Iklim di Azerbaijan

Peta klasifikasi iklim Köppen di Azerbaijan. Rata-rata presipitasi tahunan di Azerbaijan (mm). Iklim di Azerbaijan sangat beragam. Sembilan dari sebelas jenis zona iklim ada di Azerbaijan.[1] Geografi Azerbaijan terletak di ujung utara zona subtropis, sebelah tenggara Kaukasus dan sebelah barat laut dataran tinggi Iran. Lokasi geografis dan lanskap yang rumit, letaknya yang berdekatan dengan Laut Kaspia, efek radiasi matahari, serta massa udara dari arah yang berbeda berkontribusi pa...

 

Jewel Changi Airport

Jewel Changi AirportInformasi umumStatusSelesaiJenisMultifungsiObservasiGaya arsitekturNeofuturistikLokasiChangi, SingapuraAlamat78 Airport Boulevard, Singapura 819666NegaraSingapuraKoordinat1°21′52″N 103°59′29″E / 1.3644°N 103.9915°E / 1.3644; 103.9915Koordinat: 1°21′52″N 103°59′29″E / 1.3644°N 103.9915°E / 1.3644; 103.9915Mulai dibangun5 Desember 2014; 9 tahun lalu (2014-12-05)Dibuka17 April 2019; 4 tahun lalu ...

 

Первородный грех

Об экономическом термине см. Первородный грех (экономика). ХристианствоБиблия Ветхий Завет Новый Завет Евангелие Десять заповедей Нагорная проповедь Апокрифы Бог, Троица Бог Отец Иисус Христос Святой Дух История христианства Апостолы Хронология христианства Ран�...

Criminal Lawyer (film 1937)

Criminal LawyerPoster teatrikal untuk film tersebutSutradaraChristy CabanneEdward KillyJimmy Anderson (asisten)ProduserSamuel J. BriskinCliff ReidSkenarioGladys AtwaterThomas LennonCeritaLouis StevensSinematograferDavid AbelPenyuntingJack HivelyPerusahaanproduksiRKO Radio PicturesTanggal rilis 26 Januari 1937 (1937-01-26) (Penayangan perdana New York City)[1] 29 Januari 1937 (1937-01-29) (AS)[1] Durasi72 menitNegaraAmerika SerikatBahasaInggris Criminal Lawyer...

 

Labudovo okno

Labudovo oknoGéographiePays  SerbieCoordonnées 44° 48′ 22″ N, 21° 18′ 26″ EVille proche Bela CrkvaSuperficie 37,33 km2AdministrationWDPA 903021Création 2006Patrimonialité Site RamsarLocalisation sur la carte de Serbiemodifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Labudovo okno (en serbe cyrillique Лабудово окно) est une aire protégée situé en Serbie, près de Bela Crkva, dans la province de Voïvodine. Depuis 2006, il est i...

 

CW Sports

Sports division of American broadcast network The CW CW SportsLaunchedFebruary 25, 2023; 13 months ago (2023-02-25)Division ofThe CWCountry of originUnited StatesKey peopleDennis Miller (CW President)[1]HeadquartersBurbank, CaliforniaMajor broadcasting contracts LIV Golf Inside the NFL 100 Days to Indy ACC college football & basketball NASCAR Xfinity Series (2025–2031) Official websitewww.cwtv.com/sports/ CW Sports is the sports programming division of The CW t...

Синелобый амазон

Синелобый амазон Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:ЗавропсидыКласс:Пт�...

 

2022–23 San Francisco Dons men's basketball team

American college basketball season 2022–23 San Francisco Dons men's basketballHall of Fame Classic championsConferenceWest Coast ConferenceRecord20–14 (7–9 WCC)Head coachChris Gerlufsen (1st season)Assistant coaches Michael Plank Jay Duncan Kyle Bankhead Home arenaWar Memorial Gymnasium(Capacity: 3,005)Seasons← 2021–222023–24 → 2022–23 West Coast Conference men's basketball standings vte Conf Overall Team W   L   PCT W   L   PCT ...

 

Joel Edgerton

Joel Edgerton all'anteprima di Bright (2017) Joel Edgerton (Blacktown, 23 giugno 1974) è un attore, regista, sceneggiatore e produttore cinematografico australiano. È noto per i suoi ruoli in film come Star Wars: Episodio II - L'attacco dei cloni (2002) e Star Wars: Episodio III - La vendetta dei Sith (2005), Warrior (2011), La cosa (2011), Zero Dark Thirty (2012), Il grande Gatsby (2013), Exodus - Dei e re (2014), Black Mass - L'ultimo gangster (2015), Midnight Special - Fuga nella no...

Pigs and Battleships

For the Quando Quango album, see Pigs + Battleships. 1961 Japanese filmPigs and BattleshipsJapanese theatrical posterDirected byShōhei ImamuraWritten byHisashi YamanouchiProduced byKano ŌtsukaStarringJitsuko YoshimuraYōko MinamidaHiroyuki NagatoCinematographyShinsaku HimedaEdited byMutsuo TanjiMusic byToshirō MayuzumiProductioncompanyNikkatsuDistributed byNikkatsu (Japan)European Producers International (U.S.)Release date 21 January 1961 (1961-01-21) [1][2]R...

 

1996 Ukrainian monetary reform

Monetary reform in Ukraine Ukrainian banknotes before and after the 1996 monetary reformObverse of a 100,000 karbovantsiv banknote, withdrawn following the reformObverse of a one hryvnia banknote, placed into circulation following the reform at a rate of 100,000 karbovantsiv This article is part of a series about Leonid Kuchma Political positions [uk] Family and personal life PA Pivdenmash Ukrainian oligarchs Dnipropetrovsk Mafia 2nd Prime Minister of Ukraine(government) Privatis...

 

San Gabriel Wilderness

Protected wilderness area in California, United States San Gabriel WildernessIUCN category Ib (wilderness area)Looking into the San Gabriel Wilderness with the San Gabriel Valley in the distanceMap of the United StatesLocationLos Angeles County, California, United StatesNearest cityPasadena, CaliforniaCoordinates34°14′48″N 117°59′08″W / 34.24667°N 117.98556°W / 34.24667; -117.98556Area36,118 acres (146.16 km2)Established1968Governing bodyU.S....

Mimata, Miyazaki

Mimata 三股町Kota kecil BenderaLambangLokasi Mimata di Prefektur MiyazakiNegara JepangWilayahKyūshūPrefektur MiyazakiDistrikKitamorokataLuas • Total110 km2 (40 sq mi)Populasi (Oktober 1, 2015) • Total25.404 • Kepadatan230,95/km2 (59,820/sq mi)Zona waktuUTC+9 (Waktu Standar Jepang)Kode pos889-1995Simbol • PohonGinkgo biloba• BungaRhododendron indicum• BurungEmberiza cioidesNomor telepon0986-52-1111Alama...

 

Resimen Marinir ke-4 (Amerika Serikat)

Resimen Marinir ke-4Lambang Resimen Marinir ke-4Aktif10 Maret 1911 – 24 Juni 191116 April 1914 – 6 Mei 19421 Februari 1944 – 17 Oktober 19492 September 1952 – sekarangAliansi Amerika SerikatCabang Korps Marinir Amerika SerikatTipe unitResimen infanteriPeranLokasi tertutup dengan dan mengalahkan musuh menggunakan api dan manuverJulukanThe Oldest and the ProudestMarinir ChinaMotoHold High the TorchPertempuranPerang Pisang*Pendudukan Vera Cruz*Pendudukan Republik DominikanPerang Dun...

 

Tokio

Para otros usos de este término, véase Tokyo. Tokio東京都  (japonés) Capital de Japón De arriba abajo y de izquierda a derecha: Ayuntamiento de Tokio, Akihabara, Shibuya, el templo budista Sensō-ji, la Torre de Tokio y el puente Rainbow Bridge. BanderaEscudo TokioLocalización de Tokio en Región de Kantō TokioLocalización de Tokio en Japón Coordenadas 35°41′22″N 139°41′30″E / 35.689444444444, 139.69166666667Capital Shinjuku[1]​Entidad Cap...

Billy Murray (singer)

American singer For other people named Billy Murray, see Billy Murray (disambiguation). Billy MurrayMurray in May 1911Background informationBirth nameWilliam Thomas MurrayBorn(1877-05-25)May 25, 1877Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United StatesOriginNew York CityDiedAugust 17, 1954(1954-08-17) (aged 77)Jones Beach, New York, United StatesGenresPopOccupation(s)SingerInstrument(s)VocalsYears active1893–1944LabelsEdison, OkeH, Victor Talking Machine Company, many othersMusical artist William ...

 

Nebraska Public Service Commission

The Nebraska Public Service Commission regulates railroads, household goods and passenger carriers, telephone companies, grain warehouses and construction of manufactured housing (mobile homes). The Nebraska PSC is composed of five commissioners. The current commissioners, as of 2019, are Dan Watermeier, Crystal Rhoades, Tim Schram, Rod Johnson and Mary Ridder. External links Nebraska Public Service Commission Website vte Nebraska statewide elected officials Governor Lieutenant Governor Secre...

 

Piano Andinia

Il piano Andinia è una teoria del complotto sulla colonizzazione e conversione religiosa dell'Argentina da parte della ebraismo tramite massicce ondate migratorie, che nel tempo avrebbero procurato la maggioranza democratica agli ebrei immigrati e la conseguente finalità ultima di costituire uno Stato ebraico. Indice 1 Storia 2 Implicazione del sionismo internazionale 3 Note 4 Bibliografia 5 Voci correlate Storia Le prime ondate migratorie vennero dall'Europa e furono inizialmente costituit...

Subprefectures in France

Administrative division of France Subprefecture building in Verdun, Meuse Subprefecture building in Langon, Gironde In France, a subprefecture (French: sous-préfecture) is the commune which is the administrative centre of a departmental arrondissement that does not contain the prefecture for its department. The term also applies to the building that houses the administrative headquarters for an arrondissement.[1] The civil servant in charge of a subprefecture is the subprefect, assis...

 

معركة الحراش (1831)

معركة الحراش في 1831م جزء من المقاومة الشعبية الجزائرية ضد فرنسا معلومات عامة التاريخ 17 جويلية 1831م - 18 جويلية 1831م الموقع وادي الحراش، الحراش، متيجة36°42′56″N 3°10′10″E / 36.715541°N 3.1694757°E / 36.715541; 3.1694757 النتيجة معركة، حرب عصابات المتحاربون المقاومون الجزائريون قوات الجي...