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The city has a fishing port, Puerto Rawson, on the Atlantic coast, 5 km (3 mi) down the river.
History
First wooden bridge over the Chubut River
Rawson was the first town founded by the Welsh immigrants who sailed on the clipperMimosa in 1865 to establish a national colony.[2][3]
At the time of founding remains of a mud-walled fortress existed on the site.[4][5] Settlers dwelled in the fortress various months while they explored the surroundings and built permanent houses.[5] It has been posited that the fort was built in 1853 by non-Indigenous hunters who entered the area to hunt feral cattle.[6] The fortress was known by various names by the settlers. One name was Yr Hen Amddiffynfa meaning "Old Fortress",[7] another was Caer Antur meaning "Fort Adventure".[5][4]Henry Libanus Jones had called it "Fuerte Paz" in his 1861 Explanatory notes on two maps of Patagonia.[5]
Between 1885 and 1890 many Italians settled in Rawson.[8] Initially many Italians worked as railway navvies but in time many moved to work in
trade.[8]
The first bridge over the Chubut in Rawson was built of wood in 1889 by the carpenter and Welsh-language poet Griffith Griffiths (1829–1909), who wrote under the bardic nameGutyn Ebrill and established the Patagonia Gorsedd of Bards.[9][10][11] This bridge was destroyed by a flood ten years later, and was replaced by an iron bridge in 1917. In 2001 a decision was made to rename the iron bridge as Puente del Poeta (poet's bridge) in honor of Griffiths. A plaque was installed at the bridge with information on Griffiths.[12]
Rawson was flooded in 1899 and 1901.[8] While there had been floods before, these floods caused a partial depopulation of the town with many choosing to resettle in Trelew.[13] Trelew was temporarily made capital of Chubut in 1903 as Rawson recovered from the floods. This fuelled a rivalry between the towns, which was further compounded by differences in their ethnic make-up as Rawson was more Catholic and had a higher proportion of Argentines, Italians and Spanish relative to Trelew.[13] Rawson regained the capital status soon thereafter.[13]
Climate
Rawson experiences a borderline cold desert (KöppenBWk)/cold semi-desert (BSk) climate with hot summers, cool winters and low precipitation year-round.
Climate data for Trelew/Rawson (1991–2020, extremes 1901–present)
Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[19] Secretaria de Mineria (percent sun 1941–1990, April, August and December record highs, and May record low only)[20]
Municipal information: Municipal Affairs Federal Institute (IFAM), Municipal Affairs Secretariat, Ministry of Interior, Argentina. (in Spanish)
Attribution
Williams, Glyn (1975). The desert and the dream: A study of Welsh colonization in Chubut 1865 – 1915. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. ISBN978-0-7083-0579-9.
