Róbson was a product of by Bahia's youth academy. In July 2013, he was loaned to Kawasaki Frontale.[1] Due to the injuries of Kawasaki Frontale's centre backs, Yusuke Igawa, Hiroki Ito and Jun Sonoda, Róbson was signed to increase squad's depth.[2] However he only made one appearance for the club which was in Emperor's Cup and returned to Bahia when his loan spell was expired.[3]
On 17 July 2016, Róbson signed for Esteghlal F.C. on loan until the end of the 2016–17 season.[4] He made his debut for the club on 31 July 2016 in a 2–1 loss against Esteghlal Khuzestan.[5] After joining Esteghlal, he quickly established himself and became a regular starter in the team. During the season, he made a good partnership with compatriot Padovani in central defense.[6] On 16 September he played his first Tehran derby against city rivals Persepolis which ended with a goalless draw.[7] On 2 February 2017, he started the AFC Champions League qualifying play-off match facing Al Sadd SC which Esteghlal won in a 4–3 penalty shoot-out following a 0–0 draw following extra time.[8][9] On 12 February he played the Second Tehran derby, which ended with a 3–2 victory for Esteghlal.[10] After his stunning performance against Al-Ahli on 25 April 2017, he was included in 2017 AFC Champions League team of the week.[11] He finished the season with 23 appearances as Esteghlal finished the season as runners-up in the league.[12]
Boavista
In July 2017, Robson signed with Portuguese club Boavista[13] signing a three-year deal.[14] He made his debut in a 2–1 defeat against Portimonense S.C.[15]
Botafogo-SP
On 13 February 2020, Robson returned to Brazil and signed with Botafogo-SP.[16]
Al-Jandal
On 12 July 2023, Robson joined Saudi Arabian club Al-Jandal.[17]
