Quota Management System

The Quota Management System (QMS) is a type of individual fishing quota that is used in New Zealand to manage fish stocks.

New Zealand fishing industry

Seafood is one of New Zealand's largest export markets, with 85% of catches being exported. Over 90% of the total revenue raised by the country's fishing industry comes from exported stocks, raising NZ$3 billion annually.[1] The most valuable species is the hoki, Macruronus novaezelandiae.[1]

For the purposes of QMS, New Zealand's exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is divided into ten quota management regions. A separate quota is defined for each species in each region, depending on the species' distributions, ranging from a single fishing quota market for the hoki to eleven for the abalone Haliotis iris.[1]

History

New Zealand is "the world leader in implementing IFQs".[1] QMS was introduced by the Fisheries Amendment Act 1986,[2] initially covering 26 marine species.[1] The following year, it covered 30 species, and by 2005, it covered 93 species,[1] out of the 140 commercial species in New Zealand's exclusive economic zone (EEZ).[2] These comprised 550 separate fishing quota markets.[1] QMS will eventually be extended to cover all living marine resources that are commercially exploited, including invertebrates, but excluding marine mammals.[1]

Total allowable commercial catch

Species code Name TACC (kg)[3]
ANC Anchovy 560,000
ANG Freshwater eels 420,150
BAR Barracouta 32,672,461
BCO Blue cod 2,681,496
BIG Bigeye tuna 714,000
BNS Bluenose 2,335,000
BUT Butterfish 162,000
BWS Blue shark 1,860,000
BYA Frilled venus shell 16,000
BYX Alfonsino 2,995,700
CDL Cardinalfish 2,548,000
CHC Red crab 48,000
COC Cockle 3,214,000
CRA Spiny red rock lobster 2,792,839
DAN Ringed dosinia 203,000
DSU Silky dosinia 8,000
ELE Elephant fish 1,283,500
EMA Blue mackerel 11,550,000
FLA Flatfish 5,418,800
FRO Frostfish 4,019,000
GAR Garfish 50,000
GLM Green-lipped mussel 1,720,000
GMU Grey mullet 1,005,601
GSC Giant spider crab 419,000
GSH Ghost shark 3,012,000
GSP Pale ghost shark 1,780,000
GUR Gurnard 5,181,187
HAK Hake 13,211,143
HOK Hoki 120,010,000
HOR Horse mussel 29,000
HPB Hapuku and bass 2,181,600
JDO John Dory 1,140,400
JMA Jack mackerel 60,547,234
KAH Kahawai 2,728,000
KBB Bladder kelp 1,509,600
KIC King crab 90,000
KIN Kingfish 200,000
KWH Knobbed whelk 67,000
LDO Lookdown dory 783,000
LEA Leatherjacket 1,431,000
LFE Long-finned eel 82,000
LIN Ling 22,226,000
MAK Mako shark 406,000
MDI Trough shell 160,000
MMI Large trough shell 180,000
MOK Blue moki 608,112
MOO Moonfish 527,000
OEO Oreo 18,860,000
ORH Orange roughy 8,221,000
OYS Dredge oyster 15,544,000
PAD Paddle crab 765,000
PAR Parore 84,000
PAU Pāua 1,058,499
PDO Deepwater tuatua 629,000
PHC Packhorse rock lobster 40,300
PIL Pilchard 2,485,000
POR Porae 71,000
POS Porbeagle 215,000
PPI Pipi 204,000
PRK Prawn killer 36,000
PTO Patagonian toothfish 49,500
PZL Deepwater clam 31,500
QSC Queen scallop 380,000
RBM Ray's bream 980,000
RBT Redbait 5,050,000
RBY Ruby fish 812,000
RCO Red cod 8,278,385
RIB Ribaldo 1664,000
RSK Rough skate 1,986,000
RSN Red snapper 146,000
SAE Triangle shell 725,000
SBW Southern blue whiting 43,408,000
SCA Scallop 841,000
SCC Sea cucumber 35,000
SCH School shark 3,436,100
SCI Scampi 1,291,000
SFE Short-finned eel 347,000
SKI Gemfish 1,060,394
SNA Snapper 6,357,300
SPD Spiny dogfish 12,660,000
SPE Sea perch 2,170,000
SPO Rig 1,919,064
SPR Sprats 450,000
SQU Arrow squid 127,332,381
SSK Smooth skate 849,000
STA Stargazer 5,456,400
STN Southern bluefin tuna 413,000
SUR Kina 1,147,000
SWA Silver warehou 1,0380,201
SWO Swordfish 885,000
TAR Tarakihi 6,439,173
TOR Pacific bluefin tuna 116,000
TRE Trevally 3,933,103
TRU Trumpeter 144,000
TUA Tuatua 43,000
WAR Blue warehou 4,512,358
WWA White warehou 3,735,000
YEM Yellow-eyed mullet 68,000
YFN Yellowfin tuna 263,000

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h James Sanchirico & Richard Newell (2006). "Catching market efficiencies: quota-based fisheries management". In Wallace E. Oates (ed.). The RFF Reader in Environmental and Resource Policy (2nd ed.). Resources for the Future/mrs. Schofeild. pp. 131–135. ISBN 978-1-933115-17-7.
  2. ^ a b James MacGregor, Katia Karousakis & Ben Groom. Using Economic Incentives to Conserve CITES-listed Species. A Scoping Study on ITQs for Sturgeon in the Caspian Sea. IIED. ISBN 978-1-84369-529-5.
  3. ^ "Stock Status". New Zealand Ministry of Fisheries. Retrieved January 11, 2012.