Qin Yi (Chinese: 秦怡; 4 February 1922 – 9 May 2022) was a Chinese actress.[1][2] She gained fame for her stage performances in the war-time capital Chongqing during the Second Sino-Japanese War. After the war, she became one of China's most popular film actresses throughout the 1950s and the 1960s, and was recognised as one of the country's top four actresses. Premier Zhou Enlai called her the "most beautiful woman in China".
Early life and theatre career
Qin Yi was born on 4 February 1922 to a wealthy Shanghai family.[3][4] Her name at birth was Qin Dehe (Chinese: 秦德和).[5][4] She was one of the many daughters in the family.[4] She enjoyed watching movies and Ruan Lingyu (1910–1935) was her favourite actress.[3]
After the Japanese invasion of China in 1937, Qin fled to Wuhan and became active in anti-Japanese activities.[6][7] When Wuhan also fell to the Japanese, she fled to the war-time capital Chongqing in 1938, and received actor training at the China Movie Studio.[6] She joined several theatre groups, and acted in dozens of plays, including The Good Earth Huichun, Imperial Minister, and La Traviata.[8] In 1943, the influential playwright Xia Yan first named her with Shu Xiuwen, Zhang Ruifang, and Bai Yang as China's "four great drama actresses" (四大名旦).[9] The label became widely known, and after the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the four were officially recognised by the new government as the "Top Four Actresses of China".[10]
Film career
After the surrender of Japan at the end of the World War II, Qin Yi moved back to Shanghai, and in 1946 acted in The Loyal Family, her first feature film. The next year, she had her first leading role in Chen Liting's Far Away Love opposite Zhao Dan, which made her a famous movie star.[3] She then played the leading role in Tang Xiaodan's Lost Love opposite her husband Jin Yan.[3] The film was shot during the final year of the Chinese Civil War, and was released after the Communists took over Shanghai from the defeated Kuomintang (KMT) in May 1949. Owing to the changing political situation, the film was screened for only a short period.[10] Like other Chinese filmmakers and actors, Qin Yi and Jin Yan had to decide whether to flee to British Hong Kong, join the KMT in its evacuation to Taiwan, or stay in Shanghai and work with the new regime. As Qin Yi was a leftist-leaning actress sympathetic to the Communist cause, the couple decided to stay.[11]
After 1949, Qin Yi became an actress of the newly established Shanghai Film Studio, and was appointed deputy head of the Actors' Theatre Troupe. She played the leading roles in many films including Railway Guerrillas, Woman Basketball Player No. 5, Lin Zexu, Song of the Youth, and Loyal Overseas Chinese, as well as supporting roles in many others. She remained one of the most popular film actresses in China throughout the 1950s and 1960s,[8] and Premier Zhou Enlai called her "the most beautiful woman in China".[12]
Qin Yi and her family suffered greatly during the Cultural Revolution, like millions of other Chinese. She was separated from her family for years,[13] and spent five or six years undergoing struggle sessions and performing forced labour in rural areas. Her son, who was diagnosed with schizophrenia in 1965, just before the start of the Cultural Revolution, could not receive the necessary medical care and his condition steadily worsened.[14] After the Cultural Revolution, Qin Yi made a comeback in the 1980s.[3] She won the inaugural Golden Eagle Award for Best Actress in 1983 for her performance in the television drama series Under the Eaves of Shanghai. In 2009 she won the Golden Rooster Award for Lifetime Achievement.[8] Known for her subtle and fine acting,[8] she has been called the "Ingrid Bergman of China".[3]
Personal life
Qin Yi and Jin Yan
Qin Yi married actor Chen Tianguo (陈天国) in 1939. The marriage was short-lived as Chen was an alcoholic and physically abusive. She decided to divorce him even though she gave birth to a daughter,[15] who was later renamed Jin Feiheng using her step-father's surname.[16]
In 1947, Qin Yi married Korean-born Chinese actor Jin Yan, known as China's "Film Emperor" in the 1930s and 1940s.[17] They had a son named Jin Jie (金捷), who suffered from schizophrenia and could not live independently. Qin Yi took constant care of him, especially after the death of her husband in 1983.[3][14] She also took up the cause of the handicapped.[13] Despite his mental condition, Jin Jie had a talent in painting. At a 2002 charity auction in Shanghai, actor Arnold Schwarzenegger purchased one of his paintings for US$25,000, and praised Qin Yi for her devotion to her son.[3][13] Jin Jie died in 2007 at the age of 59.[12] She had saved 200,000 yuan for the care of her son, but as he predeceased her, she donated the entire amount to the victims of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake.[3]
