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Qadian
Qadian
Town
	Minaret-ul-Masih of Aqsa Mosque located alongside a Mandir and Gurudwara is one of the major landmarks of Qadian
	Qadian Location in Punjab, India Qadian Qadian (India)
	Coordinates: 31°49′09″N 75°22′35″E / 31.81917°N 75.37639°E
Country	India
State	Punjab
District	Gurdaspur
Elevation	250 m (820 ft)
Population (2000)
• Total	40,827
Languages
• Official	Punjabi
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)

Qadian^[a] (Punjabi pronunciation: [käːd̪ijä̃ː]; Hindustani pronunciation: [qɑːd̪ijɑ̃ːn]) is a town and a municipal council in Gurdaspur district, north-east of Amritsar, situated 18 kilometres (11 mi) north-east of Batala city in the state of Punjab, India. Qadian is the birthplace of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the founder of the Ahmadiyya movement within Islam. It remained the headquarters of the movement until the Partition of India in 1947.

History

Qadian was established in 1530 by Mirza Hadi Baig, a religious scholar dedicated to Islam and the first Qazi in the area. Mirza Hadi Baig was from a royal household of Mirza of the Mughal Empire. He migrated from Samarkand and settled in Punjab where he was granted a vast tract of land comprising 80 villages by the emperor Babur. Because of his religious beliefs, he named the center of the 80 villages Islam Pur Qazi and governed from there. Over time, the name of the town changed to Qazi Maji, then Qadi, and eventually it became known as 'Qadian'.

Qadian and the surrounding areas later fell to the Ramgarhia Sikhs under the leadership of Jassa Singh Ramgarhia who offered the ruling Qazis, two villages which they refused. In 1834, during the rule of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the region consisting of Qadian and five adjoining villages was given to Mirza Ghulam Murtaza, father of Ghulam Ahmad in return for military support in Kashmir, Mahadi, the Kulu valley, Peshawar and Hazara.^[2]

As the home of the Ahmadiyya Movement

A remote and unknown town, Qadian emerged as a centre of religious learning in 1889, when Mirza Ghulam Ahmad established the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community.^[3] In 1891 it became the venue for the Community's annual gatherings. Qadian remained the administrative headquarters and capital of the Ahmadiyya Caliphate until the partition of India in 1947, when much of the Community migrated to Pakistan. Following the partition, Mirza Bashir-ud-Din Mahmud Ahmad, the second Khalifa of the Community, carefully oversaw the safe migration of Ahmadis from Qadian to the newly founded state, instructing 313 men, including two of his own sons, to stay in Qadian and guard the sites holy to Ahmadis, conferring upon them the title darveshān-i qādiyān (the dervishes of Qadian) and eventually moving the headquarters to Rabwah, Pakistan.^[4]

The term Qadiani is used as a slur to refer to Ahmadi Muslims, primarily in Pakistan.

Geography

Qadian is located at 31°49′N 75°23′E / 31.82°N 75.39°E / 31.82; 75.39. It has an average elevation of 250 metres (820 feet).^[5]^[6]

Demographics

Qadian has a population of 23,632.^[7] Males constituted 54% of the population and females 46%. Qadian has an average literacy rate of 75%, slightly higher than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 70%. 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.^[8]

Languages

Most of the residents of Qadian are speakers of the Punjabi language. A significant minority, about a 1/10 of the population, also speak the Urdu language. In areas like Mohallah Ahmadiyya, Urdu signs are a common sight.

Languages by the number of speakers in Qadian according to the 2011 Census of India

Punjabi (86%)

Urdu (9%)

Hindi (4%)

Other (1%)

Religion

Religion in Qadian
Religion			Percent
Hinduism			51.89%
Sikhism			31.44%
Islam			12.97%
Christianity			3.33%
Others			0.37%

Hinduism is the largest religion in Qadian, with significant populations of the adherents of Sikhism and Islam.^[9] The table below shows the population of different religious groups in Qadian and their gender ratio, as of 2011 census.

Population by religious groups in Qadian, 2011 census^[10]
Religion	Total	Female	Male	Gender ratio
Hindu	12,263	5,764	6,499	886
Sikh	7,431	3,599	3,832	939
Muslim	3,065	1,312	1,753	748
Christian	788	375	413	907
Jain	2	0	2	--
Other religions	13	6	7	857
Not stated	70	27	43	627
Total	23,632	11,083	12,549	883

Islam

Today in Qadian, there are 11 mosques belonging to the Ahmadiyya community most of which date before the partition. Initially the majority of the mosques were based on the Urdu neighbourhood names (with the exception of Aqsa Mosque and Mubarak Mosque), but many have been renamed, following their renovation in 2012.^[11]

Aqsa Mosque (1876)
Mubarak Mosque (1883)
Noor Mosque (1910)
Nasirabad Mosque (1913)
Fazl Mosque (1914)
Rahman Mosque (1927)
Subhan Mosque (1935)
Mumtaz Mosque (1936)
Anwaar Mosque (1939)
Masroor Mosque (2015)

Further, three mosques existed prior to the partition, but have since been occupied, namely:^[11]

Darul Fazl Mosque
Darus Sa'at Mosque
Starhousry Factory Mosque

Outside of Qadian, in the neighbouring areas, an additional four mosques of Kahlwan and Nangal Bagbana exist, namely:^[11]


Name	Year	Area
Tahir Mosque	1997	Nangal
Basharat Mosque	Pre-partition	Nangal
Mehdi Mosque	2004	Kahlwan
Mahmood Mosque	2012	Kahlwan

Transport

Railway

Qadian is connected through its railway station, which was built back in November 1928.^[12] It is located in the Darul Barakat area and served by the 'Mela special line', a 55-kilometer track, linking it to Amritsar via Batala,^[13] with a proposed Qadian-Beas Line which was sanctioned back in 2011.^[14]

Politics

The town is part of the Qadian Assembly Constituency.

Notable monuments

Hospitals

Noor Hospital

Education

Prior to the Partition of India, two major educational institutes in Qadian were established. The Talim-ul-Islam High School was founded in 1889, and the Talim-ul-Islam College was founded in 1898. During the partition, these institutes were forcibly occupied and the college was converted and continues to operate as the Sikh National College.^[15]^[16]

Today around 13 educational institutes exist consisting of several public schools, along with a number of private educational institutes such as:^[17]

Jamia Ahmadiyya Qadian
Talim-ul-Islam Senior Secondary School
Nusrat Girls High School
Nusrat Women College

Notable people

Although Qadian is relatively remote and has a very small population, it has many notable historical, religious and political figures;

Military Leaders

Politicians

References

^ or known by its full name Qadian Darul Aman; Urdu: قادیان دار الامان, romanized: qādiyān dār al-amān, lit. 'Qadian Abode of Peace'

^ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
^ Shahid, Dost Mohammad (2007) [2000]. Taareekhe–Ahmadiyyat (Tareekh E Ahmadiyyat) [History of Ahmadiyyat] (PDF) (in Urdu). Vol. 1. India: Nazarat Nashro Ishaat Qadian. p. 40. ISBN 978-81-7912-121-4. ISBN incorrectly printed in the book as 181-7912-121-6. Complete PDF: 19 Volumes (11,600 pages) (541.0 M). (Volume 14 meta-data appeared to closely match the original reference, but is unverified as the correct volume).
^ Kobeisy 2004, p. 44.
^ Khan, Adil Hussain (6 April 2015). From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim Minority Movement in South Asia. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253015297. Archived from the original on 10 February 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
^ "Qadian in India is Situated Exactly to the East of Damascus in Syria". Flickr. 16 February 2009. Archived from the original on 8 January 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2009.
^ "The Divine guidance about leadership in the latter days". Ahmaddiya Muslim Community. 16 February 2009. Archived from the original on 8 January 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2009.
^ "Religion PCA" (PDF). Census India. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
^ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
^ "Religion PCA" (PDF). Census India. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
^ https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11389, India - C-01: Population by religious community, Punjab - 2011, Qadian (M Cl + OG)
^ ^a ^b ^c "قادیان دارالامان کی چند مساجد کا تعارف" [A brief introduction of some mosques in Qadian]. Daily Alfazl Online (in Urdu). 30 December 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
^ Hakam, Al (2 April 2021). "Arrival of electric train engine in Qadian: A new milestone". www.alhakam.org. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
^ "Railway to operation Mela Special Train between Amritsar-Batala-Kadian Stations". www.babushahi.com. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
^ "Minister: Qadian-Beas rail line project derailed due to protests". The Times of India. 4 February 2023. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
^ "Qadian's man of letters makes a point". The Tribune. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
^ Ahmad, Mirza Bashir. The Qadian Diary (PDF). Islam International Publications. p. 90.
^ Dikshit, V. (3 February 2017). "Punjab Polls: The mood in Malerkotla and Qadian". National Herald. Retrieved 18 October 2024.

Bibliography

Kobeisy, Ahmed Nezar (2004). Counseling American Muslims: Understanding the Faith and Helping the People. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313324727.

External links

Media related to Qadian at Wikimedia Commons

[2] r known by its full name Qadian Darul Aman; Urdu: قادیان دار الامان, romanized: qādiyān dār al-amān, lit. 'Qadian Abode of Peace'

[1] "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.

[3] Shahid, Dost Mohammad (2007) [2000]. Taareekhe–Ahmadiyyat (Tareekh E Ahmadiyyat) [History of Ahmadiyyat] (PDF) (in Urdu). Vol. 1. India: Nazarat Nashro Ishaat Qadian. p. 40. ISBN 978-81-7912-121-4. ISBN incorrectly printed in the book as 181-7912-121-6. Complete PDF: 19 Volumes (11,600 pages) (541.0 M). (Volume 14 meta-data appeared to closely match the original reference, but is unverified as the correct volume).

[FOOTNOTEKobeisy200444-4] Kobeisy 2004, p. 44.

[5] Khan, Adil Hussain (6 April 2015). From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim Minority Movement in South Asia. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253015297. Archived from the original on 10 February 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2015.

[Flickr-Qadian_lies_east_of_Damascus-6] "Qadian in India is Situated Exactly to the East of Damascus in Syria". Flickr. 16 February 2009. Archived from the original on 8 January 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2009.

[Ahmaddiya_Muslim_Community-Madhi-7] "The Divine guidance about leadership in the latter days". Ahmaddiya Muslim Community. 16 February 2009. Archived from the original on 8 January 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2009.

[8] "Religion PCA" (PDF). Census India. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 8 February 2022.

[9] "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.

[10] "Religion PCA" (PDF). Census India. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 8 February 2022.

[11] ttps://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11389, India - C-01: Population by religious community, Punjab - 2011, Qadian (M Cl + OG)

[:0-12] "قادیان دارالامان کی چند مساجد کا تعارف" [A brief introduction of some mosques in Qadian]. Daily Alfazl Online (in Urdu). 30 December 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2023.

[13] Hakam, Al (2 April 2021). "Arrival of electric train engine in Qadian: A new milestone". www.alhakam.org. Retrieved 20 March 2024.

[14] "Railway to operation Mela Special Train between Amritsar-Batala-Kadian Stations". www.babushahi.com. Retrieved 20 March 2024.

[15] "Minister: Qadian-Beas rail line project derailed due to protests". The Times of India. 4 February 2023. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 20 March 2024.

[16] "Qadian's man of letters makes a point". The Tribune. Retrieved 6 October 2024.

[17] Ahmad, Mirza Bashir. The Qadian Diary (PDF). Islam International Publications. p. 90.

[18] Dikshit, V. (3 February 2017). "Punjab Polls: The mood in Malerkotla and Qadian". National Herald. Retrieved 18 October 2024.

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Qadian