In England and Wales the Central Electricity Generating Board had been responsible for the generation and transmission of electricity, with the twelve area electricity boards (AEBs) formed under the Electricity Act 1947 responsible for the distribution and supply of electricity to consumers.
In Scotland the structure was different, with all aspects of generation, transmission, distribution and supply being carried out by two vertically integrated companies.
History
England and Wales
On 31 March 1990 the AEBs were changed into independent regional electricity companies (RECs) and the CEGB was split into four, three generation companies and the National Grid Company, operator of the National Grid. The National Grid Company was placed under the ownership of the RECs. On 11 December 1990 the RECs were privatised.
In 2000, as part of further restructuring under the Utilities Act 2000, the PES were required to have separate licences for their supply business and distribution network, which were renamed distribution network operators (DNOs).
Scotland
The Scottish boards were privatised whole in 1991 with the exception of the nuclear plants, which passed to Scottish Nuclear and were later privatised as part of British Energy.
Companies
Regional electricity companies in England and Wales
Formerly the East Midlands Electricity Board. Acquired by Powergen in 1998,[1] which was itself taken over by multinational E.ON in 2002. The retail supply business continues to operate as E.ON UK.
After Powergen also acquired MEB in 2004, the two distribution networks were merged under the Central Networks name.[2] The combined network was sold in 2011 and is now part of Western Power Distribution.[3]
Eastern Electricity
Formerly the Eastern Electricity Board. Acquired by Hanson plc in 1995. Demerged from Hanson as part of The Energy Group, which was later sold to the US firm Texas Utilities and became TXU Energi, part of TXU Europe. In 2002 it was sold to Powergen, which was subsequently acquired by the German utility company E.On, and the operations were rebranded in 2004. The distribution business was owned by EDF. Now owned by UK Power Networks along with London Electricity and SEEBOARD.
Formerly the Merseyside and North Wales Electricity Board. Manweb plc was acquired by Scottish Power in 1995. Scottish Power was in turn acquired by the Spanish energy utility Iberdrola during 2017,[4] although it continues to use Scottish Power branding on domestic sales of gas and electricity. The DNO for the area is SP Manweb plc,[5] a subsidiary of SP Energy Networks.[6]
Midlands Electricity
Formerly the Midlands Electricity Board. Originally acquired in 1996 by a consortium of US companies GPU and Cinergy, after a bid by Powergen was blocked by government. The electricity retail business was sold to National Power in 1999 and continues under the Npower brand.[7][8]
The distribution business that remained was purchased by Powergen in 2004[2] and merged with that of East Midlands Electricity to form Central Networks. In 2011 the combined operation was sold and became part of Western Power Distribution.[3]
During 2020, SSE's retail business was sold to Ovo Energy.[10] The distribution networks in Scotland and the south of England remain part of SSE plc and now trade under the name Scottish and Southern Electricity Networks.[11]
Scottish Power
The South of Scotland Electricity Board became Scottish Power plc.[12] In 2007 it was acquired by the Spanish energy utility Iberdrola,[4] although it continues to use Scottish Power branding on domestic sales of gas and electricity. Its DNO subsidiary is SP Distribution plc,[13] under SP Energy Networks.[6]
Formerly the South Wales Electricity Board, later known as SWALEC. The business was purchased by Welsh Water in 1996, but the company formed as a result - Hyder plc - soon encountered serious financial difficulties[14] which led to its break-up.
The electricity retail business was initially sold to British Energy in June 1999[15] and then again in 2000 to Scottish and Southern Energy (SSE plc). During 2020, SSE's retail business was sold to Ovo Energy.[10]
Formerly the South Western Electricity Board, it was acquired by London Electricity (owned by EDF) in 1999. The distribution business is part of Western Power Distribution and the retail business is part of EDF Energy.
During 2020, SSE's retail business was sold to Ovo Energy.[10] The distribution network remains part of SSE plc and now trades under the name Scottish and Southern Electricity Networks.[11]
Yorkshire Electricity
Formerly the Yorkshire Electricity Board. Sold to Innogy (now npower) in 2001, and to the German utility RWE the following year. Now RWE npower, but most domestic marketing is under the npower brand.
