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Protorthoptera; Temporal range: 318–299 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Middle Carboniferous
	Hadentomum americanum
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Cohort:	Polyneoptera
Order:	†Protorthoptera; Handlirsch, 1906
Families
	See text
Synonyms
	Cacurgida; Paraplecoptera; Protoblattodea; Protoblattoidea;

The Protorthoptera are an extinct order of Palaeozoic insects, and represent a wastebasket taxon and paraphyletic assemblage of basal neoptera^{[citation needed]}. They appear during the Middle Carboniferous (late Serpukhovian or early Bashkirian), making them among the earliest known winged insects in the fossil record. Pronotal lobes may be expanded to form a shield. The group includes the ancestors of all other polyneopterous insects.

Families and genera

Protorthoptera^[1]

†Adeloneuridae Carpenter, 1938
- †Adeloneura Carpenter, 1938
†Anthracoptilidae Handlirsch, 1922
- †Anthracoptilus Lameere, 1917
†Anthracothremmidae Handlirsch, 1906
- †Anthracothremma Scudder, 1885
- †Melinophlebia Handlirsch, 1911
- †Pericalyphe Handlirsch, 1911
- †Silphion Handlirsch, 1911
†Apithanidae Handlirsch, 1911
- †Apithanus Handlirsch, 1911
†Asyncritidae Handlirsch, 1911
- †Asyncritus Handlirsch, 1911
†Blattinopsidae Bolton, 1925 (synonym Oryctoblattinidae Handlirsch, 1906)
- †Blattinopsis Giebel, 1867
- †Glaphyrokoris Richardson, 1956
- †Glaphyrophlebia Handlirsch, 1906
- †Protoblattiniella Meunier, 1912
†Cheliphlebidae Handlirsch, 1911
- †Cheliphlebia Scudder, 1885
†Cymbopsidae Kukalova, 1965
- †Cymbopsis Kukalova, 1965
†Epimastacidae
†Eucaenidae Handlirsch, 1906 (synonym Teneopteridae)
- †Eucaenus Scudder, 1885
†Hadentomidae Handlirsch, 1906 (synonym Hadentomoidea Handlirsch, 1906)
- †Fabreciella
- †Fayoliella
- †Hadentomum Handlirsch, 1906
- †Palaeocixius
†Hapalopteridae Handlirsch, 1906 (synonym Aenigmatodidae Handlirsch, 1906 & Hapalopteroidea Handlirsch, 1906)
- †Aenigmatodes Handlirsch, 1906
- †Hapaloptera Handlirsch, 1906
†Heteroptilidae Carpenter, 1977
- †Heteroptilon Carpenter, 1977
†Homalophlebiidae Handlirsch, 1906
- †Homalophlebia Brongniart, 1893
- †Parahomalophlebia Handlirsch, 1906
†Homoeodictyidae
- †Homoeodictyon Carpenter, 1992
†Pachytylopsidae
- †Pachytylopsis Borre, 1875
- †Protopachytylopsis Laurentiaux & Laurentiaux-Vieira, 1981
- †Symballophlebia Handlirsch, 1904
†Stenoneuridae
- †Eoblattina Bolton, 1925
- †Stenoneura Brongniart, 1893
†Stereopteridae Carpenter, 1950
- †Stereopterum Carpenter, 1950
†Strephocladidae Martynov, 1938
- †Homocladus Carpenter, 1966
- †Paracladus Carpenter, 1966
- †Strephocladus Scudder, 1885
†Stygnidae Handlirsch, 1906
- †Stygne Handlirsch, 1906
†Thoronysididae
- †Thoronysis Carpenter, 1992
†Incertae sedis
- †Acridites Germar, 1842
- †Adiphlebia Scudder, 1885
- †Agogoblattina Handlirsch, 1906
- †Anthrakoris Richardson, 1956
- †Archaeologus Handlirsch, 1906
- †Archimastax Handlirsch, 1906
- †Atava Sellards, 1909
- †Axiologus Handlirsch, 1906
- †Chrestotes Scudder, 1868
- †Commentrya Lameere, 1917
- †Didymophleps Scudder, 1885
- †Endoiasmus Handlirsch, 1906
- †Geraroides Handlirsch, 1906
- †Gyrophlebia Handlirsch, 1906
- †Hemerista Dana, 1864
- †Lecopterum Sellards, 1909
- †Megalometer Handlirsch, 1906
- †Metacheliphlebia Handlirsch, 1906
- †Miamia Dana, 1864
- †Polyetes Handlirsch, 1906
- †Pruvostia Bolton, 1921
- †Pseudogerarus Handlirsch, 1906
- †Pseudopolyernus Handlirsch, 1906
- †Ptenodera Bolton, 1922
- †Schuchertiella Handlirsch, 1911

References

^ order †Protorthoptera, Species File (Version 5.0/5.0; retrieved 20 October 2021)

Carpenter, F. M. 1992. Superclass Hexapoda. Volume 3 of Part R, Arthropoda 4; Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America.
Grimaldi, David & Engel, Michael S. (2005-05-16). Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-82149-5.