Preventable fraction among the unexposed

In epidemiology, preventable fraction among the unexposed (PFu), is the proportion of incidents in the unexposed group that could be prevented by exposure. It is calculated as $PF_{u}=(I_{u}-I_{e})/I_{u}=1-RR$ , where $I_{e}$ is the incidence in the exposed group, $I_{u}$ is the incidence in the unexposed group, and $RR$ is the relative risk.^[1]^[2] It is a synonym of the relative risk reduction.

It is used when an exposure reduces the risk, as opposed to increasing it, in which case its symmetrical notion is attributable fraction among the exposed.^{[citation needed]}

Numerical example

Example of risk reduction
Quantity	Experimental group (E)	Control group (C)	Total
Events (E)	EE = 15	CE = 100	115
Non-events (N)	EN = 135	CN = 150	285
Total subjects (S)	ES = EE + EN = 150	CS = CE + CN = 250	400
Event rate (ER)	EER = EE / ES = 0.1, or 10%	CER = CE / CS = 0.4, or 40%	—

Variable	Abbr.	Formula	Value
Absolute risk reduction	ARR	CER − EER	0.3, or 30%
Number needed to treat	NNT	1 / (CER − EER)	3.33
Relative risk (risk ratio)	RR	EER / CER	0.25
Relative risk reduction	RRR	(CER − EER) / CER, or 1 − RR	0.75, or 75%
Preventable fraction among the unexposed	PFu	(CER − EER) / CER	0.75
Odds ratio	OR	(EE / EN) / (CE / CN)	0.167

References

^ Aschengrau, Ann; Seage, George R. (2014). Essentials of epidemiology in public health (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 67. ISBN 9781449657338. OCLC 826123155.
^ Rothman, Kenneth J.; Greenland, Sander; Lash, Timothy L. (2012). Modern epidemiology (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780781755641. OCLC 169455558.

Clinical research and experimental design

Overview

Controlled study
(EBM I to II-1)

Observational study
(EBM II-2 to II-3)

Measures

Occurrence	Incidence, Cumulative incidence, Prevalence, Point prevalence, Period prevalence
Association	Risk difference, Number needed to treat, Number needed to harm, Risk ratio, Relative risk reduction, Odds ratio, Hazard ratio
Population impact	Attributable fraction among the exposed, Attributable fraction for the population, Preventable fraction among the unexposed, Preventable fraction for the population
Other	Clinical endpoint, Virulence, Infectivity, Mortality rate, Morbidity, Case fatality rate, Specificity and sensitivity, Likelihood-ratios, Pre- and post-test probability

Trial/test types

Analysis of clinical trials

Interpretation of results

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