Preamble

For the first national anthem of the Federated States of Micronesia, see Preamble (anthem). For the data sequence used to synchronize communications, see Preamble (communication). For the AI safety company, see Preamble (company).

The preamble to the United Nations Charter

A preamble (from Latin preambulum 'preliminary, preface') is an introductory and expressionary statement in a document that explains the document's purpose and underlying philosophy. When applied to the opening paragraphs of a statute, it may recite historical facts pertinent to the subject of the statute. It is distinct from the long title or enacting formula of a law.

In parliamentary procedure using Robert's Rules of Order, a preamble consists of "Whereas" clauses that are placed before the resolving clauses in a resolution (formal written motion).[1] However, preambles are not required to be placed in resolutions.[1] According to Robert's Rules of Order, including such background information may not be helpful in passing the resolution.[1]

While preambles may be regarded as unimportant introductory matter, their words may have effects that may not have been foreseen by their drafters.

France

Further information (in French): Constitutional block [fr]

In France, the preamble to the constitution of the Fifth Republic of 1958 was considered ancillary and therefore non-binding until a major jurisprudential reversal by the Constitutional Council in the decision of 16 July 1971 [fr].[2] This decision, which began with the words "Having regard to the constitution and its preamble," effected a considerable change in French constitutional law, as the preamble and the texts it referred to, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789 and the preamble to the constitution of the Fourth Republic, took their place alongside the constitution proper as texts understood as being invested with constitutional value. The Charter of the Environment of 2004 was later appended to the preamble, and the Constitutional Council identified three informal categories consisting of the fundamental principles recognized by the laws of the Republic, the principles of constitutional value [fr], and the objectives of constitutional value [fr].

Canada

In Canada, the preamble to the Constitution Act, 1867 was cited by the Supreme Court of Canada in the Provincial Judges Reference, to increase guarantees to judicial independence. The Bosnian Constitutional Court, particularly citing the case law of the Supreme Court of Canada, also declared that the provisions of the preamble of the Bosnian Constitution are invested with a normative force thereby serving as a sound standard of judicial review for the Constitutional Court.[3]

European Union

Due to concern over its potential effects, the draft preamble of the proposed European Constitution, in 2002, caused much controversy because of the possible inclusion of a reference to the Christian heritage of Europe.

Australia

Likewise, in Australia in 1999, a referendum on whether to adopt a new preamble was accompanied by a promise that the preamble, if adopted, could not be enforceable by the courts, as some were worried with how the preamble could be interpreted and applied.[4]

India

The preamble to the Constitution of India
Further information: Preamble to the Constitution of India

In India, the Supreme Court frequently rules unconstitutional amendments which violate the Basic Structure of the Constitution, especially its Preamble.[citation needed]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Robert, Henry M.; et al. (2011). Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised (11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Da Capo Press. p. 107. ISBN 978-0-306-82020-5.
  2. ^ Decision no. 71-44 DC, known as "Liberté d'association" ("Freedom of association"): https://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/en/decision/1971/7144DC.htm
  3. ^ Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, U-5/98 (Partial Decision Part 3), para. 26, Sarajevo, 1 July 2000.
  4. ^ Goldsworthy, Jeffrey. "The Preamble, Judicial Independence and Judicial Integrity." FORUM Constitutionnel (2000)

Read other articles:

Alkitab Bounty

Alkitab Bounty Alkitab Bounty adalah sebuah Alkitab yang dianggap dipakai pada HMS Bounty,[1][2] kapal yang dikenal karena peristiwa Dahagi di atas Bounty. Prangko pos Pada 15 Oktober 1940, Kantor Pos Kepulauan Pitcairn dibuka dengan perilisan prangko pos Kepulauan Pitcairn pertama; sebuah perangko empat peni yang dikeluarkan pada 1 September 1951 menampilkan ilustrasi Alkitab.[3] Referensi ^ Pitcairn Island as a Port of Call: A Record, 1790–2010, 2d ed. p18. McFarla...

 

Katedral Bragança do Pará

Katedral Bragança do ParáKatedral Bunda RosarioKatedral Bragança do ParáLokasiBragança do ParáNegaraBrasilDenominasiGereja Katolik RomaArsitekturStatusKatedralStatus fungsionalAktifAdministrasiKeuskupanKeuskupan Bragança do Pará Katedral Bragança do Pará yang bernama resmi Katedral Bunda Rosario adalah sebuah gereja katedral Katolik yang terletak di Bragança do Pará, Brasil. Katedral ini merupakan pusat kedudukan dan takhta bagi Keuskupan Bragança do Pará.[1] Lihat juga ...

 

Asindeton

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Asindeton – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Asindeton (bahasa Yunani: ἀσύνδετον, tak berhubungan) adalah suatu majas pengungkapan frasa, klausa, kalimat, atau wacana tanpa...

ينبوع الشباب

ينبوع الشبابمعلومات عامةجزء من أساطير أيرلندية[1] جانب من جوانب magic drink rejuvenates (en) [2] السكان الأصليون لـ إيرلنديون[3]آيسلنديون[4]بريطون[5] رمز الفهرس D1338.1.1. يُصوِّر سحرتأثيرتغير تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات ينبوع الشباب (بالإنجليزية: The Fountain Of Youth)‏...

 

Hasekura Tsunenaga

Hasekura Tsunenaga 1571 - 7 Agustus 1622 Lukisan potret Hasekura sewaktu dalam misi di Roma, 1615. Lukisan Claude Deruet, Coll. Borghese, Roma Zaman awal zaman Edo Tanggal lahir 1571 Tahun wafat 7 Agustus 1622 Penggantian nama Yamaguchi Yoichi (山口与市code: ja is deprecated ), Hasekura Nagatsune, Hasekura Tsunenaga Nama alias Rokuemon, Hasekura Rokuemon Tsunenaga Nama Kristen Don Felipe Francisco Lokasi makam Kōmyō-ji (Sendai)Saikō-ji (Miyagi, Prefektur Miyagi)Enpuku-ji (Distrik Shib...

 

Advanced Aviation

Cet article est une ébauche concernant un constructeur aéronautique. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?). Les entreprises étant sujet à controverse, n’oubliez pas d’indiquer dans l’article les critères qui le rendent admissible. Advanced Aviation Siège social Orlando modifier - modifier le code - voir Wikidata  Le modèle Buccaneer Advanced Aviation était une entreprise aux États-Unis à Orlando en Floride pour fabriquer et commercial...

Peter R. Livingston

Pour les autres membres de la famille, voir Famille Livingston. Cet article est une ébauche concernant un homme politique américain. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Peter R. Livingston Fonctions Lieutenant-gouverneur de l'État de New York 1828 – 1828(moins d’un an) Speaker de l'Assemblée de l'État de New York 1823 – 1823(moins d’un an) Biographie Nationalité États-Unis modifier...

 

Bourrée

French dance and music This article is about the dance and its music. For the commune in Ardèche, France, see Borée. For the card game, see Bourré. For the Bach piece, see Bourrée in E minor. Borrèia in Auvergne, early 20th century Lute Suite No. 1 – BWV 996, E Minor – V Bourrée Performed on a lautenwerck by Martha Goldstein Problems playing this file? See media help. People dancing bourrée in a folk ball The bourrée (Occitan: borrèia;[1] also in England, borry or bore) i...

 

Loyalism

Allegiance to the British crown or the United Kingdom Loyalist redirects here. For other uses, see Loyalist (disambiguation). Loyalism, in the United Kingdom, its overseas territories and its former colonies, refers to the allegiance to the British crown or the United Kingdom. In North America, the most common usage of the term refers to loyalty to the British Crown, notably with the loyalists opponents of the American Revolution, and United Empire Loyalists who moved to other colonies in Bri...

Saat Hindustani

Saat HindustaniSutradaraKhwaja Ahmad AbbasProduserKhwaja Ahmad AbbasDitulis olehKhwaja Ahmad AbbasSkenarioKhwaja Ahmad AbbasCeritaKhwaja Ahmad AbbasPemeranUtpal DuttMadhuAmitabh BachchanJalal AghaAnwar AliPenata musikJ.P. KaushikKaifi Azmi (lirik)SinematograferS. RamachandraPenyuntingMohan RathodTanggal rilis 7 November 1969 (1969-11-07) Durasi144 menitNegaraIndiaBahasaHindi Saat Hindustani (Hindi: सात हिन्दुस्तानी, bahasa Urdu: سات ہندو...

 

Music On! TV

Television channel Music On! TV M-On!CountryJapanBroadcast areaJapanHeadquartersRoppongi, Minato, Tokyo, JapanProgrammingPicture format480i (SDTV)1080i (HDTV)OwnershipOwnerM-On Entertainment, Inc., a division of Sony Music Entertainment Japan, Inc.(Sony Pictures Entertainment Japan)[1]Sister channelsAXN Japan, AXN Mystery, Animax Japan, Kids StationHistoryLaunchedJuly 1, 1998Former namesViewsic (July 1, 1998 to May 1, 2004)LinksWebsitewww.m-on.jp M-On Entertainment, Inc.Company typesu...

 

Westhope, North Dakota

City in North Dakota, United StatesWesthope, North DakotaCityLocation of Westhope, North DakotaCoordinates: 48°54′40″N 101°01′04″W / 48.91111°N 101.01778°W / 48.91111; -101.01778CountryUnited StatesStateNorth DakotaCountyBottineauFounded1903Government • MayorRussell BallantyneArea[1] • Total0.32 sq mi (0.84 km2) • Land0.32 sq mi (0.84 km2) • Water0.00 sq mi (0.0...

Thin layers (oceanography)

Congregations of plankton Thin layer redirects here. For other uses, see Thin film. Visible layers of a red tide, a planktonic algal bloom, off the shores of Southern California Part of a series onPlankton Trophic mode Phytoplankton Zooplankton Mixoplankton Mycoplankton Bacterioplankton Virioplankton By size Heterotrophic picoplankton Microalgae Microzooplankton Nanophytoplankton calcareous Photosynthetic picoplankton Picoeukaryote Picoplankton Marine microplankton By taxonomy Algae diatoms c...

 

Ricardo González Fonseca

Ricardo González Nazionalità  Costa Rica Altezza 183 cm Peso 80 kg Calcio Ruolo Portiere Termine carriera 2014 CarrieraSquadre di club1 1996-2005 Alajuelense78 (-?)2005-2006 Comunicaciones31 (-?)2006-2007 Alajuelense5 (-?)2007-2011 Herediano74 (-?)2011-2013 Uruguay de Coronado48 (-?)2014 Belén17 (-?)Nazionale 1995-2009 Costa Rica44 (-?)[1]Palmarès  Gold Cup Bronzo USA 2009 1 I due numeri indicano le presenze e le reti segnate, per le sole p...

 

صحيفة همام بن منبه

صحيفة همام بن منبه صحيفة همام بن منبه معلومات الكتاب المؤلف همام بن منبه اللغة العربية السلسلة حديث نبوي التقديم عدد الأجزاء جزء واحد ترجمة المترجم الدكتور محمد حميد الله ويكي مصدر الصحيفة الصحيحة  - ويكي مصدر تعديل مصدري - تعديل   جزء من سلسلة مقالات حولأهل السن�...

سيادة وطنية

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (فبراير 2016)Learn how and when to remove this message السيادة الوطنية هو مفهوم يشير إلى مَنح سيادة مُطلقة للشعب, أي أنّ السلطة بيد الموا�...

 

Ferry to the Ile-de-la-Loge – Flood

1872 painting by Alfred Sisley This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Ferry to the Ile-de-la-Loge – Flood – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Ferry to the Ile-de-la-Loge – FloodArtistAlfred SisleyYear1872MediumOil on canvasLocation...

 

Melina Mercouri

Greek actress, singer, activist, and politician (1920–1994) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Melina Mercouri – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Melina MercouriMercouri in 1982Minister for CultureIn office13 October 1993 �...

Reg

Ne doit pas être confondu avec Erg (dune). Pour les articles homonymes, voir REG. Reg de l'Adrar mauritanien Reg du désert Mojave, États-Unis Processus de mise en place d'un pavement dans un reg : déflation éolienne Paysage de reg dans le Hoggar, Sahara Météorite sur un pavement désertique : Rub' al-Khali 022 (référence du site), Ash Sharqiyah, Arabie saoudite Hveravellir : dallage du désert froid islandais Un reg est un désert de pierres, une surface caillouteuse ...

 

عبد الفتاح أبو غدة

عبد الفتاح أبوغدة معلومات شخصية الميلاد 9 مايو 1917حلب  سوريا الوفاة 16 فبراير 1997الرياض  السعودية الإقامة سوري مواطنة سوريا  العقيدة أهل السنة أقرباء عبد الستار أبو غدة (أبناء الإخوة)[1]حسن أبو غدة (أبناء الإخوة)  مناصب المراقب العام لجماعة الإخوان المسلمين في سو...