Polychlorinated dibenzofurans

General chemical structure of PCDFs, where 2 ≤ n+m ≤ 8
Structures of the ten 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDF congeners that are toxicologically of most relevance

Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are a family of organic compounds with one or several of the hydrogens in the dibenzofuran structure replaced by chlorines. For example, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) has chlorine atoms substituted for each of the hydrogens on the number 2, 3, 7, and 8 carbons (see structure in the upper left corner of the second image). Polychlorinated dibenzofurans with chlorines at least in positions 2,3,7 and 8 are much more toxic than the parent compound dibenzofurane, with properties and chemical structures similar to polychlorinated dibenzodioxins. These groups together are often inaccurately called dioxins. They are known developmental toxicants, and suspected human carcinogens. PCDFs tend to co-occur with polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs). PCDFs can be formed by pyrolysis or incineration at temperatures below 1200 °C of chlorine containing products, such as PVC, PCBs, and other organochlorides, or of non-chlorine containing products in the presence of chlorine donors.[1] Dibenzofurans are known persistent organic pollutants (POP), classified among the dirty dozen in the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.

Congeners

number formula name CAS Number InChIKey
PCDF-1 1-chlorodibenzofuran 84761-86-4 WRSMJZYBNIAAEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-2 2-chlorodibenzofuran 51230-49-0 PRKTYWJFCODJOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-3 3-chlorodibenzofuran 25074-67-3 BBOZMMAURMEVAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-4 4-chlorodibenzofuran 74992-96-4 RHRYBWFAHXCUCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12 1,2-dichlorodibenzofuran 64126-85-8 QVAPRJWSOUITIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-13 1,3-dichlorodibenzofuran 94538-00-8 VKIBKEFGJSPRJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-14 1,4-dichlorodibenzofuran 94538-01-9 VHQCMZLPHWGUDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-16 1,6-dichlorodibenzofuran 74992-97-5 JRSRWACZUFLWKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-17 1,7-dichlorodibenzofuran 94538-02-0 XRQNHPGZRFKBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-18 1,8-dichlorodibenzofuran 81638-37-1 UAFNQQBPUWFPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-19 1,9-dichlorodibenzofuran 70648-14-5 AEKSGHBVWJHELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-23 2,3-dichlorodibenzofuran 64126-86-9 GETJJZZRPQFSFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-24 2,4-dichlorodibenzofuran 24478-74-8 LHTCKMYRNOGUOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-26 2,6-dichlorodibenzofuran 60390-27-4 XVLCNKFGFHUQNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-27 2,7-dichlorodibenzofuran 74992-98-6 DOZUTNBCPVUMPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-28 2,8-dichlorodibenzofuran 5409-83-6 IVVRJIDVYSPKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-34 3,4-dichlorodibenzofuran 94570-83-9 HYQGGNWDPQZLGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-36 3,6-dichlorodibenzofuran 74918-40-4 DMOBGFAKTSXOHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-37 3,7-dichlorodibenzofuran 58802-21-4 OLTYAGNRSNFHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-46 4,6-dichlorodibenzofuran 64560-13-0 BZFIZJNKNCJEAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-123 1,2,3-trichlorodibenzofuran 83636-47-9 LADSWAAWPMGHBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-124 1,2,4-trichlorodibenzofuran 24478-73-7 RQIWKWHVZLDXEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-126 1,2,6-trichlorodibenzofuran 64560-15-2 CYRZCBUWRUACKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-127 1,2,7-trichlorodibenzofuran 83704-37-4 AFOVQGPNOZDUEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-128 1,2,8-trichlorodibenzofuran 83704-34-1 UYIGPSPCOXGBCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-129 1,2,9-trichlorodibenzofuran 83704-38-5 ICTXINQOXPMQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-134 1,3,4-trichlorodibenzofuran 82911-61-3 FIPOITUDJFQRRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-136 1,3,6-trichlorodibenzofuran 83704-39-6 AGPTXRLVBIRYLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-137 1,3,7-trichlorodibenzofuran 64560-16-3 INRBXOGZPDFCLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-138 1,3,8-trichlorodibenzofuran 76621-12-0 PHFSTDOPTZHECA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-139 1,3,9-trichlorodibenzofuran 83704-40-9 SPPGDLROKBFNNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-146 1,4,6-trichlorodibenzofuran 82911-60-2 XDQRWSUJOURTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-147 1,4,7-trichlorodibenzofuran 83704-41-0 XTLMVJUSIANHND-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-148 1,4,8-trichlorodibenzofuran 64560-14-1 PCQCYDNFBUADOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-149 1,4,9-trichlorodibenzofuran 70648-13-4 NVYUPBVXKLTYHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-167 (PCDF-349) 1,6,7-trichlorodibenzofuran 83704-46-5 HEWLCNCSWBMZHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-168 (PCDF-249) 1,6,8-trichlorodibenzofuran 82911-59-9 ZOBVYDQWZXUJNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-178 (PCDF-239) 1,7,8-trichlorodibenzofuran 58802-18-9 YNMCXGLWHTVMQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-234 2,3,4-trichlorodibenzofuran 57117-34-7 YDLADWPBKZODCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-236 2,3,6-trichlorodibenzofuran 57117-33-6 CPMGJTLNRBIKQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-237 2,3,7-trichlorodibenzofuran 58802-17-8 CKXMNTLGGAOERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-238 2,3,8-trichlorodibenzofuran 57117-32-5 NUNSNNOYACKRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-246 2,4,6-trichlorodibenzofuran 58802-14-5 GTKURBTWZFQHHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-247 2,4,7-trichlorodibenzofuran 83704-42-1 SZBZRVJHPZIGAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-248 2,4,8-trichlorodibenzofuran 54589-71-8 WJURXKWTCOMRCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-346 3,4,6-trichlorodibenzofuran 83704-43-2 XEUHBCMRIXEBTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-347 3,4,7-trichlorodibenzofuran 83704-44-3 RPJJBTSXPNFUTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-348 3,4,8-trichlorodibenzofuran 83704-45-4 YTZWNIQGGIJHJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1234 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 24478-72-6 AETAPIFVELRIDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1236 1,2,3,6-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 83704-21-6 BBAXFLIBRPXRBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1237 1,2,3,7-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 83704-22-7 MDNZFYGATDCKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1238 1,2,3,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 62615-08-1 KFQRHGKKSHJMCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1239 1,2,3,9-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 83704-23-8 GNQHLJHTOATTOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1246 1,2,4,6-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 71998-73-7 NLVWEKPJFUPVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1247 1,2,4,7-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 83719-40-8 MFURKMJLDQBHRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1248 1,2,4,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 64126-87-0 BFTASCFRRBHFFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1249 1,2,4,9-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 83704-24-9 ZUYYTCCHKQGGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1267 1,2,6,7-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 83704-25-0 AUEWYHHKDYUYMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1268 1,2,6,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 83710-07-0 KCVGVSIBBGIJNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1269 1,2,6,9-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 70648-18-9 IEPGLLVEBKXASE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1278 1,2,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 58802-20-3 JODWPAQNABOHDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1279 1,2,7,9-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 83704-26-1 PDMFRPIFZAKMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1289 1,2,8,9-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 70648-22-5 OHYCQUKMNPHFPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1346 1,3,4,6-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 83704-27-2 CBBDONKZEJKFJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1347 1,3,4,7-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 70648-16-7 UMKCVDZTSZNWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1348 1,3,4,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 92341-04-3 XWKRJSMNDOXIHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1349 1,3,4,9-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 83704-28-3 PNCYJHOTZSKZPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1367 1,3,6,7-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 57117-36-9 PITDPGCTIMCYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1368 1,3,6,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 71998-72-6 BDXKVABZWRZKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1369 1,3,6,9-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 83690-98-6 NJQQZRLWVLWNGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1378 1,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 57117-35-8 CSXDVUGDFSYXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1379 1,3,7,9-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 64560-17-4 IEMJMCVYAORWJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1467 1,4,6,7-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 66794-59-0 RBFNYMHNIOKXLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1468 1,4,6,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 82911-58-8 VHOBVPNETFRJED-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1469 1,4,6,9-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 70648-19-0 JAYSBJFHDJOMGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1478 1,4,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 83704-29-4 IVRDRRWQABCXLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1678 1,6,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 83704-33-0 KOJMOXYETDLOPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-2346 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 83704-30-7 JNVHSHPAAMRSKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-2347 2,3,4,7-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 83704-31-8 BROFYOSLFHTGCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-2348 2,3,4,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 83704-32-9 IIKXRERKNIJJQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-2367 2,3,6,7-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 57117-39-2 MJCNKMDTLRSHNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-2368 2,3,6,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 57117-37-0 SPMZHWVRMWWTSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-2378 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 51207-31-9 KSMVNVHUTQZITP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-2467 2,4,6,7-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 57117-38-1 NSDXKMRVQOSASS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-2468 2,4,6,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 58802-19-0 ZSPJEACWUWSAGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-3467 3,4,6,7-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 57117-40-5 LMJLCLBSUNZLNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12346 1,2,3,4,6-pentachlorodibenzofuran 83704-47-6 LIQJBAPSLUZUTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12347 1,2,3,4,7-pentachlorodibenzofuran 83704-48-7 DOJZTBGOWIYFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12348 1,2,3,4,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran 67517-48-0 ZCTNDJSCLPJCRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12349 1,2,3,4,9-pentachlorodibenzofuran 83704-49-8 IQSZNZVZXOFRJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12367 1,2,3,6,7-pentachlorodibenzofuran 57117-42-7 NZUPQBVDIWCPBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12368 1,2,3,6,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran 83704-51-2 VHQJZOFUPXEZQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12369 1,2,3,6,9-pentachlorodibenzofuran 83704-52-3 IPSFQAKXDJVQOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12378 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran 57117-41-6 SBMIVUVRFPGOEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12379 1,2,3,7,9-pentachlorodibenzofuran 83704-53-4 JVUSEQPOWCBYNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12389 1,2,3,8,9-pentachlorodibenzofuran 83704-54-5 NKGLWUJPCTUDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12467 1,2,4,6,7-pentachlorodibenzofuran 83704-50-1 BQTCODOVGXJHRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12468 1,2,4,6,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran 69698-57-3 JDTUAYPJSSXDNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12469 1,2,4,6,9-pentachlorodibenzofuran 70648-24-7 QDQFGVXGPSYEJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12478 1,2,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran 58802-15-6 GCFDWHIKRXCUPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12479 1,2,4,7,9-pentachlorodibenzofuran 71998-74-8 IYGVHNHWORPMFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12489 1,2,4,8,9-pentachlorodibenzofuran 70648-23-6 ZSPAPWGNAGTCCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12678 (PCDF-23489) 1,2,6,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran 69433-00-7 ZAAVDGLJEOXCMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12679 1,2,6,7,9-pentachlorodibenzofuran 70872-82-1 QQRRQEVOSMEVQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-13467 1,3,4,6,7-pentachlorodibenzofuran 83704-36-3 JVYYDUWJIJMOGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-13468 1,3,4,6,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran 83704-55-6 COKIAYPRHYHYCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-13469 1,3,4,6,9-pentachlorodibenzofuran 70648-15-6 MYSAFUYQSBEEDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-13478 1,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran 58802-16-7 ORSUQGVCWLXKLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-13479 1,3,4,7,9-pentachlorodibenzofuran 70648-20-3 GFXPLABVZOBCCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-13678 1,3,6,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran 70648-21-4 FRLMQDUYUJIHCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-14678 1,4,6,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran 83704-35-2 VANGHZRYKXDPRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-23467 2,3,4,6,7-pentachlorodibenzofuran 57117-43-8 SJFBZRQKGOGHEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-23468 2,3,4,6,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran 67481-22-5 MKRFORPSRBMAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-23478 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran 57117-31-4 OGBQILNBLMPPDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-123467 1,2,3,4,6,7-hexachlorodibenzofuran 79060-60-9 SNWFMKXFMVHBKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-123468 1,2,3,4,6,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran 69698-60-8 UCFGNWHERVQWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-123469 1,2,3,4,6,9-hexachlorodibenzofuran 91538-83-9 KFFUZIROJGXTQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-123478 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran 70648-26-9 LVYBAQIVPKCOEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-123479 1,2,3,4,7,9-hexachlorodibenzofuran 91538-84-0 BKIXWRBZCQEZAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-123489 1,2,3,4,8,9-hexachlorodibenzofuran 92341-07-6 VSDUQUBUJRNREH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-123678 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran 57117-44-9 JEYJJJXOFWNEHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-123679 1,2,3,6,7,9-hexachlorodibenzofuran 92341-06-5 JZVOLXQREJNTTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-123689 1,2,3,6,8,9-hexachlorodibenzofuran 75198-38-8 WLGQZUOHEXTWFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-123789 1,2,3,7,8,9-hexachlorodibenzofuran 72918-21-9 PYUSJFJVDVSXIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-124678 1,2,4,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran 67562-40-7 CKDDYGBBKXIHRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-124679 1,2,4,6,7,9-hexachlorodibenzofuran 75627-02-0 FAHIPPHRJJJQOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-124689 1,2,4,6,8,9-hexachlorodibenzofuran 69698-59-5 FGZCXIPKUCJGHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-134678 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran 71998-75-9 OGTZINCGZYXZCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-134679 1,3,4,6,7,9-hexachlorodibenzofuran 92341-05-4 TURXXOIFVABBPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-234678 2,3,4,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran 60851-34-5 XTAHLACQOVXINQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1234678 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran 67562-39-4 WDMKCPIVJOGHBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1234679 1,2,3,4,6,7,9-heptachlorodibenzofuran 70648-25-8 JWXWOEUKHXOUSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1234689 1,2,3,4,6,8,9-heptachlorodibenzofuran 69698-58-4 BADFHCOLISGRRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-1234789 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-heptachlorodibenzofuran 55673-89-7 VEZCTZWLJYWARH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PCDF-12346789 octachlorodibenzofuran 39001-02-0 RHIROFAGUQOFLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Safety, toxicity, regulation

Occupational exposure to PCDFs may occur through inhalation and contact with the skin, although intake even in workers at waste incineration plants is not particularly high.[2][3] For general population the most important source is food of animal origin like with other dioxin-like compounds.[4][5][6] The most relevant congener is 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (2,3,4,7,8-PCDF) which is more toxic and based on relative toxicity more prevalent than other PCDFs.[4]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Proceedings of the Subregional Awareness Raising Workshop on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), Bangkok, Thailand". United Nations Environment Programme. November 25–28, 1997. Archived from the original on 2007-08-08. Retrieved 2007-12-11.
  2. ^ U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB, online database).
  3. ^ Kumagai S, Koda S, Miyakita T, Ueno M (2002) Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran concentrations in serum samples of workers at intermittently burning municipal waste incinerators in Japan. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 59:362-368. doi: 10.1136/oem.59.6.362
  4. ^ a b Tuomisto J (2019). Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds: toxicity in humans and animals, sources, and behaviour in the environment. WikiJournal of Medicine 6 (1): 8. doi:10.15347/wjm/2019.008. ISSN 2002-4436.
  5. ^ Huang MC, Chao HR, Wang SL, Hung HC, Wang YS, Pan WH (2007) Associations of diet with body burden of dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): observations on pregnant women from central Taiwan. Food Additives and Contaminants Jul;24(7):784-91. PMID 17613064 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701222691
  6. ^ Congener-Specific Levels of Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in U.S. Food and Estimated Daily Dioxin Toxic Equivalent Intake. The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS).

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American actor For the boxer, see Jason Douglas (boxer). Jason DouglasJason DouglasBorn (1973-02-14) February 14, 1973 (age 51)Arkansas, USAOccupationActorYears active1998-presentNotable creditsThe Walking Dead as TobinBreaking Bad as Det. MunnDragon Ball Super as BeerusBorderlands (video games) as Krieg the PsychoChainsaw Man as Kishibe Jason Douglas (born February 14, 1973) is an American film, television and voice actor, known for portraying Tobin on AMC's The Walking Dead,[1...

 

 

Michael CorleoneMichael Corleone, yang diperankan oleh Al Pacino di dalam film The Godfather.PenampilanperdanaThe GodfatherPenampilanterakhirThe Godfather's RevengePemeranAl PacinoInformasiAliasThe Godfather, Don, Don Corleone, Don MichaelJulukanMike,Mikey, Mickey, GodfatherJenis kelaminLaki-lakiGelarDon CorleonePekerjaanMantan bos mafia Marinir Amerika SerikatKeluargaKeluarga CorleonePasanganApollonia Vitelli-Corleone (mendiang; 1947-48) Kay Adams (cerai; 1951-60)AnakAnthony Corleone Mary Co...

 

 

Saint Peter IslandsThe Saint Peter Islands at the northeastern end of the Taymyr PeninsulaGeographyLocationLaptev SeaCoordinates76°35′N 113°0′E / 76.583°N 113.000°E / 76.583; 113.000ArchipelagoSaint Peter IslandsTotal islands19AdministrationRussiaKraiKrasnoyarsk KraiDemographicsPopulationuninhabited The Saint Peter Islands, also known as Saint Petra Islands or Petra Islands (Russian: Острова Петра, Ostrova Petra) are two islands covered with tundra ...

Conquête du Wu par le Jin La Chine à la sortie de la conquête Jin, en 280. Informations générales Date novembre 279 - mai 280[1] Lieu Royaume du Wu Issue Chute du Royaume du Wu et annexion par le Jin, fin des Trois Royaumes Belligérants Royaume du Wu Empire Jin Commandants Lu YuanLu JingZhang Ti Du YuWang Jun (en)Wang Hun Données clés modifier Guerres des Trois Royaumes Informations générales Date 220-280 Lieu Chine Issue Victoire de Jin Belligérants Wei, remplacé par Jin ap...

 

 

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Pietà (disambiguasi). Pietà karya Michelangelo di Basilika Santo Petrus. Pietà (pengucapan bahasa Italia: [pjeˈta]) adalah sebuah subyek dalam seni rupa Kristen yang menggambarkan Bunda Maria menggendong jenazah Yesus, yang paling sering dibuat dalam bentuk ukiran. Subyek tersebut merupakan sebuah bentuk umum dari Penurunan Yesus dari kayu salib, sebuah adegan dari Kisah Sengsara yang ditemukan dalam adegan Kehidupan Yesus. Ketika Yesus dan Bunda Maria dike...

 

 

SirAnthony HopkinsCBEHopkins pada September 2010LahirPhilip Anthony Hopkins31 Desember 1937 (umur 86)Port Talbot, Glamorgan, WalesKebangsaanWalesWarga negaraBritania RayaAmerika Serikat[1]AlmamaterRoyal Academy of Dramatic ArtPekerjaanAktorsutradaraproduserkomposerpelukisTahun aktif1960–sekarangKaryaDaftar lengkapSuami/istriPetronella Barker ​ ​(m. 1966; c. 1972)​ Jennifer Lynton ​ ​(m. 1973; ...

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Undine (disambiguasi). Undine karya John William Waterhouse (1849–1917), dipamerkan di Society of British Artists pada 1872.[1] Undine /ˈʌnˌdiːn, ˌʌnˈdiːn/ (atau ondine) adalah sebuah kategori hal elemental yang dikaitkan dengan air, yang mula-mula disebutkan dalam tulisan-tulisan alkemi Paracelsus. Makhluk serupa ditemukan dalam sastra klasik, terutama, Metamorphoses karya Ovid. Para penulis pada masa berikutnya mengembangkan undine menjadi nimfa ...

 

 

Mexican spit-grilled pork seasoned with adobada Al pastorCarne al pastor (al pastor meat) on a trompoCourseMain coursePlace of originMexicoRegion or stateMexico CityAssociated cuisineMexicanCreated byLebanese MexicansServing temperatureWarmMain ingredientsMarinated pork meatIngredients generally used Onion Cilantro Pineapple VariationsGringas  Media: Al pastor Al pastor (from Spanish, shepherd style), tacos al pastor, or tacos de trompo is a preparation of spit-grilled slices of...

 

 

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Andong (disambiguasi). Andong 안동시KotaTranskripsi Korea • Hangul안동시 • Hanja安東市 • Revised RomanizationAndong-si • McCune-ReischauerAndong-siPemandangan udara dari Desa Rakyat Hahoe BenderaLokasi di Korea SelatanKoordinat: 36°33′33″N 128°43′44″E / 36.55917°N 128.72889°E / 36.55917; 128.72889Negara Korea SelatanRegionYeongnamPenyebutan pertama930Status kota196...

تحتاج هذه المقالة كاملةً أو أجزاءً منها لإعادة الكتابة حسبَ أسلوب ويكيبيديا. فضلًا، ساهم بإعادة كتابتها لتتوافق معه. (أكتوبر 2015) تسوديلو موقع اليونيسكو للتراث العالمي الدولة بوتسوانا النوع ثقافية المعايير i، iii, vi رقم التعريف 1021 المنطقة أفريقيا الإحداثيات 18°46′18″S 21°45′15″E...

 

 

منتخب إسكتلندا تحت 21 سنة لكرة القدم بلد الرياضة إسكتلندا  الفئة كرة قدم تحت 21 سنة للرجال  [لغات أخرى]‏  رمز الفيفا SCO  مشاركات تعديل مصدري - تعديل   منتخب إسكتلندا تحت 21 سنة لكرة القدم هو الممثل الرسمي لـ اسكتلندا في بطولات كرة القدم تحت 21 سنة.[1][2][3&...

 

 

L'accident du 21 décembre 1988 (l'attentat de Lockerbie) Cette liste présente les principaux accidents aériens au regard du nombre de victimes supérieur ou égal à 100. Elle inclut les catastrophes de l'aviation commerciale, d'avion de transport militaire et des vols de l'aviation générale, quelle que soit leur origine, accidentelle ou intentionnelle (suicide, détournement, terrorisme, etc.). Le nombre de décès inclut les personnes tuées au sol et peut être supérieur au nomb...

Street and surrounding area in the City of London, England For the former station, see Ludgate Hill railway station. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Ludgate Hill – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Ludgate Hill – A block i...

 

 

Sam ClaflinSam Claflin (2014)LahirSamuel George Claflin27 Juni 1986 (umur 38)Ipswich, InggrisPekerjaanAktorTahun aktif2010–sekarangPasanganLaura Haddock ​(m. 2013)​ Samuel George Sam Claflin (lahir 27 Juni 1986) adalah aktor asal Inggris, paling dikenal untuk perannya sebagai Philip Swift di film Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides dan sebagai William di Snow White & the Huntsman. dia juga main di film The Hunger Games: Catching Fire sebag...

 

 

2012年乌克兰议会选举 ← 2007 2012年10月28日(12月15日在7个单一议席选区举行重选) 2014 → 乌克兰最高拉达全部450个议席獲得過半多數需226个席位   第一大黨 第二大黨 第三大黨   领袖 米克拉·阿扎罗夫 尤利娅·季莫申科 维塔利·克利奇科 政党 地区党 全乌克兰祖国联盟 突击党 上届结果 34.4%, 175席 30.7%, 156席(为BYuT) 未参加 赢得席次 187席 102 40 席次差额 ...

Metro NanjingInfoWilayahNanjing, TiongkokJenisAngkutan cepatJumlah jalur14Jumlah stasiun236Penumpang harian3,106 juta (rata-rata Maret 2018)[1]4 juta (rekor 8 Maret 2019)Penumpang tahunan977,4 juta (2017)[2]Situs webnjmetro.com.cnOperasiDimulai3 September 2005Jumlah gerbong352 keretaTeknisPanjang sistem521 km (324 mi)Lebar sepur1.435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) sepur standarListrik1500 V DC listrik aliran atas (kecuali Jalur S4)25 kV AC listrik alira...

 

 

Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1801–1918 For the county constituency called Montgomery until the 1990s, see Montgomeryshire (UK Parliament constituency). MontgomeryFormer constituencyfor the House of Commons1542–1918SeatsoneReplaced byMontgomeryshire Montgomery was a constituency in the House of Commons of England, House of Commons of Great Britain and later in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elected one MP, but was abolished in 1918. Af...