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The politics of Montreal begins with residents of Montreal electing representatives to the municipal, provincial, and federal levels of government.

The Island of Montreal which consists of the City of Montreal and 16 independent municipalities, are represented by 18 Members of Parliament (MPs) and 27 Members of the National Assembly of Quebec (MNAs). Additionally, the Urban agglomeration of Montreal is composed of 16 mayors, 18 borough mayors, 144 city councillors and 38 borough councillors.

While people living in Greater Montreal are heavily divided on the issue of Quebec sovereignty, the majority of both groups tend to lean to the left of the political spectrum and thus centre-left parties dominate the city at all political levels.

The island of Montreal elects 18 Members of Parliament to the House of Commons in Ottawa. Following the LaSalle—Émard—Verdun by-election on September 14, 2024 and the announcement that Pablo Rodriguez, MP for Honoré-Mercier, would sit as an Independent on September 19, the Liberal Party of Canada was left with 14 MPs, the New Democratic Party with 1 MP, the Bloc Québécois with 2 MPs, and 1 Independent MP. The centre-right Conservative Party of Canada has not won a seat on the island since the 1988 election.

The island of Montreal send 27 MNAs to the Quebec National Assembly. As of the most recent by-election held in Saint-Henri-Sainte-Anne, the island of Montreal was represented by 15 Quebec Liberal Party MNAs, 9 Québec Solidaire MNAs, two Coalition Avenir Québec MNAs and one Parti Quebecois MNA.^[1]

Montreal is unique among Canadian cities for its established municipal political parties. The major left-wing party is Projet Montréal, while the main center-right party is Ensemble Montréal. Additionally, several boroughs have their own borough-specific parties that run candidates exclusively within those areas.The City of Montreal is represented by 64 councillors and a mayor at the municipal level. As of April 2, 2023, 36 of these councillors and the mayor are members of Projet Montréal, 22 are from Ensemble Montréal, 3 are from Équipe LaSalle, 2 are from Équipe Anjou, and 2 is an Independents.