Planohybodus

Planohybodus
Temporal range: Middle Jurassic - Early Cretaceous
Bathonian–Barremian
Teeth of Planohybodus from the Late Jurassic of Switzerland
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Chondrichthyes
Subclass: Elasmobranchii
Order: †Hybodontiformes
Family: †Hybodontidae
Genus: †Planohybodus
Rees and Underwood, 2008
Type species
Planohybodus peterboroughensis
Rees and Underwood, 2008
Other species
  • P. grossiconus (Agassiz, 1843)
  • P. ensis (Woodward, 1916)
  • P. marki? (Pinheiro et al., 2013)

Planohybodus (from Latin planus, "flat", and "Hybodus"[1]) is an extinct genus of hybodont, known from the Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous (Bathonian-Barremian) of Europe (including Great Britain, France, Spain, Switzerland, Poland, and possibly Denmark) and the Indian subcontinent. Fossils have been found in marine as well as freshwater environments.[1][2][3][4] The genus contains 3 confirmed species, two of which were originally assigned to the genus Hybodus. Possible records have been reported from the Late Jurassic of Mexico, the Early Cretaceous of Brazil (Planohybodus marki) and the Late Cretaceous (Santonian) of North America, but these are unconfirmed.[3] Planohybodus peterboroughensis is suggested to have reached lengths of 2–3 metres (6.6–9.8 ft).[1] A specimen of the ammonite genus Orthaspidoceras from the Late Jurassic of France has been found with an embedded tooth of Planohybodus, suggesting that while the teeth of Planohybodus were adapted to tearing soft bodied prey, it would attack hard-shelled prey at least on occasion.[5]

Species

After Stumpf, Meng, and Kriwet, (2022):[3]

  • Planohybodus peterboroughensis (Rees and Underwood, 2008) England, Middle-Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian)
  • Planohybodus grossiconus (Agassiz, 1843) England, Scotland, France, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)
  • Planohybodus ensis (Woodward, 1916) England, Spain, Early Cretaceous (Berriasian-Barremian)

References

  1. ^ a b c Rees, Jan; Underwood, Charlie J. (January 2008). "Hybodont Sharks of the English Bathonian and Callovian (Middle Jurassic)". Palaeontology. 51 (1): 117–147. Bibcode:2008Palgy..51..117R. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00737.x. ISSN 0031-0239.
  2. ^ Bermúdez-Rochas, David Didier (November 2009). "New hybodont shark assemblage from the Early Cretaceous of the Basque-Cantabrian Basin". Geobios. 42 (6): 675–686. Bibcode:2009Geobi..42..675B. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2009.06.004.
  3. ^ a b c Stumpf, Sebastian; Meng, Stefan; Kriwet, Jürgen (2022-01-26). "Diversity Patterns of Late Jurassic Chondrichthyans: New Insights from a Historically Collected Hybodontiform Tooth Assemblage from Poland". Diversity. 14 (2): 85. doi:10.3390/d14020085. ISSN 1424-2818.
  4. ^ Sharma, Archana; Singh, Sanjay (2021-09-24). "A small assemblage of marine hybodont sharks from the Bathonian of the Jaisalmer Basin, India". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 301 (3): 317–333. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2021/1014. ISSN 0077-7749. S2CID 239669413.
  5. ^ Vullo, Romain (June 2011). "Direct evidence of hybodont shark predation on Late Jurassic ammonites". Naturwissenschaften. 98 (6): 545–549. Bibcode:2011NW.....98..545V. doi:10.1007/s00114-011-0789-9. ISSN 0028-1042. PMID 21452053. S2CID 31866290.