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In molecular biology, phosphotransferases are proteins in the transferase family of enzymes (EC number 2.7) that catalyze certain chemical reactions. The general form of the phosphorylation reactions they catalyze is:

${\ce {A-P + B <=> B-P + A}}$

Where P is a phosphate group and A and B are the donating and accepting molecules, respectively.

Classification

Phosphotransferases are generally classified according to the acceptor molecule.^[1]

EC 2.7.1 Phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor
EC 2.7.2 Phosphotransferases with a carboxy group as acceptor
EC 2.7.3 Phosphotransferases with a nitrogenous group as acceptor
EC 2.7.4 Phosphotransferases with a phosphate group as acceptor
EC 2.7.9 Phosphotransferases with paired acceptors. In these reactions, a single triphosphate-nucleotide transfers two phosphates to two different acceptor molecules, resulting in a monophosphate-nucleotide and two phosphorylated products.

Phosphotransferase system

The phosphotransferase system (PTS) is a complex group translocation system present in many bacteria. The PTS transports sugars (such as glucose, mannose, and mannitol) into the cell. The first step of this reaction is phosphorylation of the substrate via phosphotransferase during transport. In the case of glucose, the product of this phosphorylation is glucose-6-phosphate (Glc-6P). Due to the negative charge of the phosphate, this Glc-6P can no longer freely leave the cell. This is the first reaction of glycolysis, which degrades the sugar to pyruvate.

References

^ [1] Archived 2015-10-13 at the Wayback Machine, Classification in this article follows the rules of Enzyme Nomenclature of the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NC-IUBMB).