Each issue covers a specific area of the biological sciences. Each issue aims to create an original and authoritative synthesis, often bridging traditional disciplines, which showcases current developments and provides a foundation for future research, applications and policy decisions. Each issue is edited by one or more expert guest editors.
The themes fall into one of four general categories:
Cell and Development
Health and Disease
Environment and Evolution
Neuroscience and Cognition
All articles become freely accessible one year after their publication date.
The journal celebrated its 350th anniversary in 2015. To commemorate this event it published a special collection[2] of commentaries on landmark papers from the archive by scientists such as Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Hans Sloane and Alan Turing.