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Petunidin
Names
	IUPAC name 3,3′,4′,5,7-Pentahydroxy-5′-methoxyflavylium
	Systematic IUPAC name 2-(3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-1λ4-benzopyran-1-ylium
	Other names Petunidine; Petunidin chloride; ; Petunidol; Myrtillidin
Identifiers
CAS Number	1429-30-7 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:75318 ;
ChemSpider	390371 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.014.409
KEGG	C08727 ;
PubChem CID	441774;
UNII	WRK4Q8K2D8 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID90931677 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C16H12O7/c1-22-14-3-7(2-11(19)15(14)21)16-12(20)6-9-10(18)4-8(17)5-13(9)23-16/h2-6H,1H3,(H4-,17,18,19,20,21)/p+1 Key: AFOLOMGWVXKIQL-UHFFFAOYSA-O ; InChI=1/C16H12O7/c1-22-14-3-7(2-11(19)15(14)21)16-12(20)6-9-10(18)4-8(17)5-13(9)23-16/h2-6H,1H3,(H4-,17,18,19,20,21)/p+1 Key: AFOLOMGWVXKIQL-IKLDFBCSAS;
	SMILES Oc1cc2c(O)cc(O)cc2[o+]c1c3cc(O)c(O)c(OC)c3;
Properties
Chemical formula	C16H13O7+ (Cl−)
Molar mass	317.27 g/mol
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Petunidin (Pt), like Europinidin and Malvidin, is derived from Delphinidin and is an O-methylated anthocyanidin of the 3-hydroxy type. It is a natural organic compound, a dark-red or purple water-soluble pigment found in many red berries including chokeberries (Aronia sp), Saskatoon berries (Amelanchier alnifolia) or different species of grape (for instance Vitis vinifera, or muscadine, Vitis rotundifolia), and also part of the pigments responsible for the petal colors in many flowers. This pigment gives the Indigo Rose tomatoes the majority of their deep purple color when the fruits are exposed to sunlight.^[1] The name of the molecule itself is derived from the word Petunia.

Biosynthesis

Petunidin could form in the exocarp of fruits from delphinidin, with an anthocyanin flavonoid O-methyltransferase (Catechol-O-methyl transferase) catalyzing the B-ring methylation and S-Adenosyl-L-methyl-3H methionine being the methyl group donor.

Glycosides

Glycoside forms of petunidin are present in grape.^[2] These include :

The bark of Commiphora angolensis contains petunidin-3-rhamnoglucoside.^[3]

Uses

Petunidin is referred as E165f, E163 and following numbers corresponding to anthocyanins in the food coloring E number list.

References

^ "The Purple Tomato FAQ". 2 May 2012.
^ "Food-Info.net : Anthocyanins and anthocyanidins".
^ Chemical study of bark from Commiphora angolensis Engl. Cardoso Do Vale, J., Bol Escola Farm Univ Coimbra Edicao Cient, 1962, volume 3, page 128 (abstract)