Peter Nygård

Not to be confused with Petri Nygård.
Peter Nygård
Nygård in 2016
Born
Pekka Juhani Nygård

(1941-07-24) 24 July 1941 (age 83)
Helsinki, Finland
CitizenshipFinnish-Canadian
Alma materUniversity of North Dakota
Occupations
  • Businessman
  • Clothing manufacturer
Years active1967–2021
Known forFounding Nygård International
Children10

Peter J. Nygård[a] (born Pekka Juhani Nygård; born 24 July 1941)[1] is a Finnish-Canadian businessman, former fashion executive and convicted sex offender. In 1967 he founded Nygård International, a Winnipeg-based company that initially was a sportswear manufacturer before producing women's apparel.[2] He was rated the 70th richest Canadian by Canadian Business magazine in 2009, with a net worth of CA$817 million,[3] while in 2017 his net worth was estimated to be CA$900 million.[4]

In 2020, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) carried out a search warrant of Nygård's offices in New York City after he was accused of sex trafficking, sexual assault and racketeering.[5] As a result, Nygård stepped down as chairman of Nygård International soon afterwards.[6] The company then filed for bankruptcy later that year.[7]

In December 2020, Nygård was formally charged on sex trafficking and racketeering charges, including allegations of sex trafficking involving minors.[8][9] In October 2021, he was again charged in Canada with multiple counts of sexual assault and forcible confinement in incidents that occurred between the mid-1980s and mid-2000s; accusations of sexual misconduct by Nygård date as far back as 1968.[10] In November 2023, a Canadian court convicted Nygård of four counts of sexual assault.[11] In September 2024, he was sentenced to 11 years in prison for 4 counts of sexual assault.[12]

Early life

Peter Nygård was born Pekka Juhani Nygård in Helsinki, Finland, on 24 July 1941. His parents immigrated to Deloraine, Manitoba, Canada, in 1952, when Nygård was around eleven years old.[13] In 1964 Nygård graduated from the University of North Dakota with a business degree.[14][15]

Nygård International

Nygård established Nygård Apparel Manufacturing Company, later rebranded Nygård International, in Winnipeg in 1967. In 1978, Nygård's takeover of a sportswear designer's business in New York City led to a 12-year legal battle in New York federal court.[16] The company produced clothing under brand names such as Nygård Fashions, Nygård Slims, Bianca Nygård, ADX, TanJay, Alia and Allison Daley. The company's Canadian headquarters was located on King Street in Toronto, Ontario, while its world headquarters was located in Times Square, New York, New York, United States.[17] Times Square was also the location of Nygård's fashion concept retail store, which opened on Friday, 6 November 2009. Nygård's personal net-worth was estimated at $900 million in 2020.[4]

In February 2020, the headquarters of Nygård International was raided as part of a sex trafficking investigation against Nygård by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).[5] After these, Nygård announced that he would step down from the company and divest his ownership interest. In March 2020, a judge said that there was no evidence Nygård had actually resigned, and that he still owned 100% of the shares of the Nygård group of companies.[18] The company filed for Chapter 15 bankruptcy in New York on 18 March 2020,[7] and a Manitoba judge ordered a group of Nygård companies into receivership the following day.[19] On 30 April, a Canadian judge authorized an accounting firm to sell off part of the business.[2]

Sexual abuse allegations

Over the years Nygård has been accused numerous times of abuse including forcible confinement, sex trafficking, sexual assault and sexual harassment.

  • In 1968 Winnipeg police charged Nygård with a sexual offense, charges that were later dropped after his alleged victim declined to testify.[20]
  • In 1980, the Free Press wrote that Winnipeg police charged Nygård with the sexual assault of an 18-year-old woman. Later those charges were stayed because she declined to testify.[16][21]
  • In the 1990s Nygård settled sexual harassment complaints by three former employees in Manitoba.[21][16]

Investigations and lawsuits

In 2015 and 2017, Nygård was investigated by the FBI over claims of sex trafficking. He was also investigated by the United States Department of Homeland Security for 9 months in 2016.[22] On 24 November 2019, Bahamian police began investigating six allegations of sexual assault made against Nygård. All the alleged victims were under 16 at the time of the alleged assaults.[23] Additionally, on 27 January 2020, Nygård faced two separate lawsuits after being accused of sexual assault.[24]

On 13 February 2020, 10 women filed a class-action lawsuit against Nygård in New York, alleging that he had sexually assaulted them at his Bahamas residence.[25] The alleged attacks took place between 2008 and 2015. The women also alleged that he maintained a sex-trafficking network, and that seven of the women were under 18 when the attacks took place.[26][25]

On 14 February 2020, it was reported that the Bahamian police were investigating the allegations made by four of the women in the class-action suit.[27] On 25 February 2020, the New York headquarters of Nygård International were raided by the FBI and the New York City Police Department in connection with sex trafficking claims.[5][28]

On 20 April 2020, 36 new women joined the class-action suit, bringing the total number of plaintiffs in the sexual assault case to 46.[29][30] On 17 June 2020, it was reported that 11 more women had joined the class-action lawsuit, bringing the total number of plaintiffs to 57.[31] On 9 July 2020, Nygård filed a motion to dismiss the claims of 52 of the plaintiffs, stating that "numerous deficiencies" barred their claims, and in particular that the claims of 50 of the plaintiffs lacked any connection to New York.[32] He also argued that the statute of limitations had expired for 38 of the plaintiffs.[32]

On 17 August 2020, Nygård was sued by two of his sons on accusations that Nygård directed a known sex worker, said to be "his girlfriend," to sexually assault them.[33][34] On 22 August 2020, it was reported that the class-action suit had been placed on hold due to the US government having requested a stay of proceedings while the criminal investigation was ongoing.[35]

Arrest and conviction

On 15 December 2020, Nygård was arrested in Winnipeg for extradition to the US to face charges of sex trafficking by the US attorney's office in Manhattan.[8][36] On 5 February 2021, Nygård was denied bail due to being a flight risk and the risk of him tampering with evidence. At the time Nygård faced extradition to the US.[37][38]

On 18 February 2021, it was reported that a new lawsuit had been filed by one of the class-action plaintiffs, which named Peter Nygård's niece, Angela Dyborn, as an alleged co-conspirator in the alleged sex-trafficking scheme.[39] On 26 March 2021, Nygård was denied bail for a second time.[40] In April 2021 it was reported that Nygård would face an extradition hearing in November 2021.[41]

On 1 October 2021, Nygård agreed to be extradited to the US, to face the charges against him that were filed there. The same day Nygård was charged by Toronto police with six counts of sexual assault and three counts of forcible confinement.[42] On 2 December 2021, it was reported that Nygård would not face charges by Winnipeg police following a ten-month investigation into allegations of sexual assault from eight women against him.[20]

In November 2023, Nygård was found guilty of sexual assault by a Canadian jury in Toronto, following a six-week trial. The 82-year-old Nygård was convicted for assaults on four women, ranging in age from 16 to 28 at the time of the offenses, occurring between the late 1980s and 2005. These assaults reportedly took place in a secure luxury bedroom in his company's headquarters. Nygård denied the charges, with his defense team suggesting the victims were seeking financial gain. Nygård is also facing further legal charges, including a trial in Montreal, charges in Winnipeg, and potential extradition to the U.S. for related crimes.[43] The preliminary inquiry for the charges against Nygård in Montreal is scheduled for 28 January 2025.[44]

Nygård's son Kai Zen Bickle praised the conviction saying that his father "used his business talents for evil, to prey on others," adding "And it's a very good thing that justice was served here."[45]

In September 2024, a court in Toronto sentenced Nygård to 11 years in prison for 4 counts of sexual assault.[12]

Lawsuits

Nygård has been involved in numerous lawsuits before his arrest in 2020, including suits involving alleged abusive labour practices, tax evasion.[21][16][46]

  • In the 1990s, Nygård settled sexual harassment complaints by three former employees in Manitoba.[21][16]
  • In 1999, Nygård sued Linda Lampenius for defamation concerning her comments about Nygård's parties with naked women. The case continued until 2001 when Lampenius states she ran out of funds and had to settle, which consisted of publishing an apology in the newspaper Ilta-Sanomat.[16][47][48]
  • In 2005, Finnish newspaper Iltalehti published an article about sex parties at Nygård's mansion, even featuring a short interview with Jessica Alba where she felt she had to leave a party at the Nygård Cay mansion (she was there filming Into the Blue) after witnessing events at the party. Nygård sued the parent company of the paper Alma Media for slander in Los Angeles. Nygård lost the case.[49]
  • In 2006, Canadian tax authorities claimed Nygård underreported $15 million in taxes. Nygård argued that he severed residential ties with Canada in 1975; he was ultimately subject to taxes on an unreported $2 million.[16]In 2008, Nygård was sued in Los Angeles Superior Court by a former girlfriend for slamming a door on her hand. Nygård quickly settled the lawsuit.[16]
  • In 2012, Nygård launched a lawsuit against the CBC regarding copyright issues about private videos taken at his residence, which were then used in an April 2010 documentary.[50][51] He had also launched a copyright complaint with the US District Court in New York[52][53][54] and a lawsuit in Manitoba to prevent the piece from airing.[55] He had previously sued two former employees for releasing confidential information and his lawyer claimed the CBC harassed many of the employees.[55] Nygård launched a civil suit against his neighbour and the Lyford Cay Property Owners Association alleging they conspired with the CBC to damage his reputation; he also filed a private criminal prosecution against three CBC journalists accusing them of conspiring to discredit him and his clothing empire.[56]
  • On 15 November 2019, a judge in the Bahamas sentenced Nygård to 90 days in prison and fined him $150,000 after finding he breached a court order prohibiting the disclosure of emails that were stolen from a non-profit group.[57][58][59] Nygård subsequently paid the fine, but appealed against the contempt order, and obtained a stay of execution of the prison sentence until his appeal was heard.[60] On 1 February 2021, Nygård's appeal against the contempt order was dismissed by the Court of Appeal of the Bahamas. On 4 February 2021, Nygård filed a motion requesting leave to appeal to the Privy Council, but the Court of Appeal of the Bahamas refused to grant this. The judge who delivered the refusal stated that Nygård could still apply directly to the Privy Council for leave to appeal.[61]

Feud with Louis Bacon

In 2005, Nygård attempted to solve a parking overflow problem at Nygård Cay by installing a large concrete slab on Louis Bacon's property. Bacon sought and obtained a court injunction to remove it. In 2007, Bacon, annoyed by noise at Nygård's house, installed industrial-grade speakers at the edge of his property and pointed them at Nygård's house.[62] From 2007 onwards, the dispute escalated to include 16 legal actions between Nygård and Louis Bacon and their associates.[63]

In the summer of 2010, Bacon's house was raided by Bahamian police, leading to the confiscation of the speakers. Bacon claimed it was the work of Nygård, a claim he denied. Vanity Fair reported that Nygård also used fake news sites to smear Bacon. In January 2015, Bacon filed a defamation lawsuit against Nygård over these claims.[62] Additionally, in September 2019, Nygard launched a suit against two reporters from the New York Times for their reporting on the dispute between Nygard and Bacon. The suit claims that the reporters for the paper "tried to steer the individuals to provide information to fit a story" and that reporters wanted to "bring down" Nygård.[64]

Finally, a New York judge awarded Louis Bacon more than $203 million on 5 May 2023, in damages. The court order said that Nygård had conducted a global smear campaign over almost a decade, saying that it was “a deliberate plan by Nygård to personally and professionally destroy Bacon”.[65]

Assets

Nygård Cay

In 1984, he purchased a beach bungalow for $1.76 million.[62] In 1987 Nygård built a 14,000-square-metre (150,000 sq ft) compound at Lyford Cay in the Bahamas. On 14 April 2010, Nygård announced he was planning a $50-million renovation of Nygård Cay, which would take two years to complete and repair the damage and employ 200 construction workers.[66][67]

A letter from the Bahamian prime minister's office rejected Nygård construction application, citing the improper expansion of his property through intentional accretion of land over the seabed. On 28 September 2018, Nygård Cay was seized by the Supreme Court of the Bahamas as part of a legal battle surrounding Nygård's efforts to dredge the sea floor around the estate.[68] In 2019, a warrant was issued after Nygård failed to appear in court multiple times for a sentencing hearing related to two contempt-of-court convictions in the Bahamas. In 2021 the property was in a general state of disrepair.[69]

In 2003, Nygård was sued in Florida by an American couple who claimed he deceived them into accepting jobs as managers of his Bahamas estate. The case was settled in 2007.[16] The buildings of that estate were reported as being demolished by the Bahamian Government in April 2023.[70]

Private jet

Nygård previously used a Boeing 727-100 as his private jet, painted silver and blue and named N-Force. The interior contained a karaoke machine, fluorescent purple disco lighting and a stripper's pole, with nightclub-style chrome paneling, mirrored ceilings, white leather seats and a plush day bed. Nygård stopped using his 727 in 2017 due to maintenance costs and it was scrapped in Brunswick, Georgia. Nygård had purchased a new plane as a replacement but never finished renovating it due to mounting legal and financial troubles.[71]

Peter Nygård with fashion model Nicole Midwin at the Breast Cancer Awareness Show, 2017

Documentaries

On 17 December 2020, two days after Nygård's arrest, it was reported that Discovery+ was releasing a series about Peter Nygård's life entitled Unseamly: The Investigation of Peter Nygård. The documentary aired in February 2021, and included interviews with family members and former Nygård employees.[72][73]

On 25 January 2021, CBC Podcasts released the first episode of their podcast, Evil by Design, about the allegations against Nygård.[71] The podcast includes interviews with alleged victims. It was later adopted into a documentary series, Evil by Design: Surviving Nygård, that aired on CBC Television in 2022.[74] An episode of Dateline about the Nygård case also aired in December 2021.[75]

Personal life

Nygård has ten children with eight women.[16][76][77] Nygård has been a longtime sponsor of amateur sports in the Bahamas. In June 2010, he was the main sponsor of the Amateur Boxing Federation of the Bahamas team for Continental Elite Boxing Championships, an invitation-only event in Quito, Ecuador.[78]

Honours

In 2012, Nygård was awarded a Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal.[79]

In 2002, Deloraine, Manitoba, where Nygård grew up, unveiled a commemorative plaque and named a park in his honour.[80] In May 2020, the park's name was changed to Prairie Sentinels Park, after Nygård was arrested and charged with sexual assault and sex trafficking.[81]

Notes

  1. ^ Finnish pronunciation: [ˈnyːˌɡoːrd].

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Janji Setia

Janji SetiaSingel promosi oleh Tiara Andinidari album Tiara AndiniBahasaIndonesiaDirilis17 Desember 2021 (2021-12-17)Direkam2021 (2021)StudioBro's StudioGenrePopbaladaDurasi4:21LabelUniversal Music IndonesiaPenciptaAsta AndokoRamadhan HandyTiara AndiniProduserAsta AndokoRamadhan HandyDaftar lagu Tiara Andini8 lagu Menjadi Dia Maafkan Aku #terlanjurmencinta Buktikan Merasa Indah Hadapi Berdua Gemintang Hatiku Janji Setia 365 Video musikJanji Setia di YouTube Janji Setia adalah lagu d...

 

 

Iim Fahima

Artikel ini perlu diwikifikasi agar memenuhi standar kualitas Wikipedia. Anda dapat memberikan bantuan berupa penambahan pranala dalam, atau dengan merapikan tata letak dari artikel ini. Untuk keterangan lebih lanjut, klik [tampil] di bagian kanan. Mengganti markah HTML dengan markah wiki bila dimungkinkan. Tambahkan pranala wiki. Bila dirasa perlu, buatlah pautan ke artikel wiki lainnya dengan cara menambahkan [[ dan ]] pada kata yang bersangkutan (lihat WP:LINK untuk keterangan lebih lanjut...

 

 

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Warmia

Catholic archdiocese in Poland Archdiocese of WarmiaArchidioecesis VarmiensisArchidiecezja warmińskaFrombork Cathedral, with Vistula Lagoon in background.Coat of armsLocationCountryPolandEcclesiastical provinceProvince of WarmiaStatisticsArea12,000 km2 (4,600 sq mi)Population- Total- Catholics(as of 2020)705,480689,300 (97.7%)InformationDenominationCatholicRiteLatin RiteEstablished13th Century(As Diocese of Warmia)25 March 1992(As Archdiocese of Warmia)Cathedral...

Day of Mourning (Australia)

1938 day of protest by Indigenous Australians against British invasion 150 years earlier Proclamation of the Day of Mourning. The Day of Mourning was a protest held by Aboriginal Australians on 26 January 1938, the 150th anniversary of the arrival of the First Fleet, which marked the beginning of the colonisation of Australia. It was declared to be a protest of 150 years of callous treatment and purposefully coincided with Australia Day celebrations. Day of Mourning protests have been held on...

 

 

ICube-1

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Februari 2023. iCUBE-1 adalah sebuah satelit miniatur dibangun oleh IST dengan tujuan untuk menyediakan berbagai macam percobaan berikutnya dalam domain imaging, gayaberat mikro, biologi, nanoteknologi, dinamika ruang angkasa, kimia, fisika ruang dan berbagai bidang...

 

 

American Dad!

2005 American animated sitcom American Dad!GenreAnimated sitcom[1]Created by Seth MacFarlane Mike Barker Matt Weitzman Voices of Seth MacFarlane Wendy Schaal Scott Grimes Rachael MacFarlane Dee Bradley Baker Jeff Fischer Patrick Stewart Theme music composerWalter MurphyOpening themeGood Morning, USAby Seth MacFarlaneEnding themeGood Morning, USA(Instrumental)Composers Walter Murphy Joel McNeely Ron Jones (seasons 1–4) Country of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishNo. of seas...

Sehnde

Cet article est une ébauche concernant une localité allemande. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Sehnde Armoiries Administration Pays Allemagne Land Basse-Saxe Arrondissement(Landkreis) Région de Hanovre Nombre de quartiers(Ortsteile) 15 Bourgmestre(Bürgermeister) Carl Jürgen Lehrke (CDU) Code postal 31319 Code communal(Gemeindeschlüssel) 03 2 41 016 Indicatif téléphonique 05138, 05132 Imma...

 

 

Frankie Laine, Balladeer

1959 studio album by Frankie LaineFrankie Laine, BalladeerStudio album by Frankie LaineReleased1959LabelColumbiaFrankie Laine chronology You Are My Love(1959) Frankie Laine, Balladeer(1959) Hell Bent for Leather!(1961) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllMusic[1] Frankie Laine, Balladeer is a studio album by Frankie Laine released in 1959 on Columbia Records.[2] Track listing Side oneNo.TitleWriter(s)Length1.Rocks and GravelA. LomaxRevised lyric: Leon Bibb&...

 

 

Nathan Myhrvold

Nathan MyhrvoldNathan Myhrvold pada 2016Lahir03 Agustus 1959 (umur 64)Seattle, WashingtonTempat tinggalMedina, Washington[1]AlmamaterUCLA (B.S., M.S.)Princeton University (M.S., Ph.D.)Suami/istriRosemarie HavranekKarier ilmiahInstitusiIntellectual Ventures, Universitas Cambridge, Microsoft Research Situs webwww.nathanmyhrvold.com Nathan Paul Myhrvold (lahir 3 Agustus 1959), dulunya kepala jabatan teknologi di Microsoft, adalah salah satu pendiri Intellectual Ventures dan penulis...

Wildest Dreams (lagu Taylor Swift)

Wildest DreamsSingel oleh Taylor Swiftdari album 1989Dirilis25 Agustus 2015 (2015-08-25)Genre Pop balada Durasi3:40 (Versi Album)3:32 (Editan Radio)LabelBig MachinePencipta Taylor Swift Max Martin Shellback Produser Max Martin Shellback Wildest Dreams adalah lagu karya penyanyi-penulis lagu asal Amerika Serikat Taylor Swift untuk album studio kelimanya, 1989 (2014). Lagu Wildest Dreams ditulis oleh Swift dengan kerja sama bersama Max Martin dan Shellback. Lagu Wildest Dreams diperdengark...

 

 

The Siege of Numantia

For the battle, see Siege of Numantia. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: The Siege of Numantia – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this message) The Siege of NumantiaThe Siege of NumantiaWritten byMiguel de CervantesCharactersRomans: Scipi...

 

 

John Kemp

15th-century Archbishop of Canterbury, Chancellor of England, and cardinal For other uses, see John Kemp (disambiguation). John KempCardinal, Archbishop of CanterburyPrimate of All EnglandChurchCatholic ChurchAppointed21 July 1452Term ended22 March 1454PredecessorJohn StaffordSuccessorThomas BourchierOrdersConsecration3 December 1419by Louis d'HarcourtCreated cardinal18 December 1439(Cardinal priest),and 21 July 1452(Cardinal bishop)Personal detailsBornc. 1380Olantigh, KentDied22 March 1...

Diving (sport)

This article is about the sport of jumping into water, often acrobatically. For swimming or working below the surface of the water, see underwater diving. For the same, without apparatus, see freediving. For competitive scuba diving, see sport diving (sport). For other uses, see Diving. Sport of jumping or falling into water from a platform or springboard This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourc...

 

 

Boundary Butte (Rainbow Plateau)

Butte on the Rainbow Plateau in San Juan County, Utah, United States Boundary ButteNorthwest aspectHighest pointElevation4,934 ft (1,504 m)[1]Prominence897 ft (273 m)[2]Parent peakTower Butte[2]Isolation2.58 mi (4.15 km)[2]Coordinates37°00′05″N 111°17′13″W / 37.0015162°N 111.2868553°W / 37.0015162; -111.2868553[1]GeographyBoundary ButteLocation in UtahShow map of UtahBoundary ButteBo...

 

 

Daftar tokoh Maluku

Daftar tokoh Maluku Berikut memuat Nama Tokoh yang berasal dari Kepulauan Maluku atau secara keturunan (genetis) berdarah Maluku dari Pihak Ayah maupun Ibu.[1] Thomas MatulessyMartha Christina TiahahuJohannes LeimenaJohannes LatuharharyGeorge ToisuttaMuhammad MustafaListyo Sigit HitijahubessyMarthinus HukomYasin PayapoBodewin WattimenaAbdul Mukti KeliobasPetrus FatlolonAnita Lidya LuhulimaSpica TutuhatunewaEvangelian SasingenSafitri Malik SoulisaNovita AnakottaAnna LatuconsinaHusain A...

The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy

2007 book by John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt For other uses of Israel lobby, see Israel lobby (disambiguation). The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy AuthorsJohn MearsheimerStephen WaltLanguageEnglishPublisherFarrar, Straus and GirouxPublication dateAugust 27, 2007Publication placeUnited StatesMedia typePrint (hardback)Pages496 p.ISBN0-374-17772-4OCLC144227359Dewey Decimal327.7305694 22LC ClassE183.8.I7 M428 2007 The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy[1] is a book by ...

 

 

Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, Marquess Salisbury III

Lord Salisbury beralih ke halaman ini. Untuk pemegang gelar lainnya, lihat Marquess of Salisbury. The Most HonourableThe Marquess of SalisburyKG GCVO PC FRS DL Perdana Menteri Britania RayaMasa jabatan25 Juni 1895 – 11 Juli 1902Penguasa monarkiVictoriaEdward VIIPendahuluThe Earl of RoseberyPenggantiArthur BalfourMasa jabatan25 Juli 1886 – 11 Agustus 1892Penguasa monarkiVictoriaPendahuluWilliam Ewart GladstonePenggantiWilliam Ewart GladstoneMasa jabatan23 ...

 

 

2006 Illinois elections

2006 Illinois elections ← 2004 November 7, 2006 2008 → Turnout48.64% Elections in Illinois Federal government U.S. Presidential elections 1820 1824 1828 1832 1836 1840 1844 1848 1852 1856 1860 1864 1868 1872 1876 1880 1884 1888 1892 1896 1900 1904 1908 1912 1916 1920 1924 1928 1932 1936 1940 1944 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 Dem Rep 1988 1992 1996 Dem Rep 2000 Dem Rep 2004 Dem Rep 2008 Dem Rep 2012 Dem Rep 2016 Dem Rep 2020 Dem Rep 2024 Dem Rep U.S....

Granier

Granier Granier Hành chính Quốc gia Pháp Vùng Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Tỉnh Savoie Quận Albertville Tổng Aime Xã (thị) trưởng Georges Couget(2008–2014) Thống kê Độ cao 832–2.700 m (2.730–8.858 ft) Diện tích đất1 30,31 km2 (11,70 dặm vuông Anh) Nhân khẩu2 364  (2006)  - Mật độ 12/km2 (31/sq mi) INSEE/Mã bưu chính 73126/ 73210 1 Dữ liệu địa chính Pháp loại trừ các hồ và ao...

 

 

Anisotropy

In geometry, property of being directionally dependent This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Anisotropy – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message) WMAP image of the (extremely tiny) anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background radiation A...