Conroy was born in Sydney,[2] however he moved to the Central Coast of New South Wales when he was a year old.[citation needed] His parents were "union delegates throughout their lives and long-time Labor activists".[3] He was born a British citizen by descent through his father, who was born in Bishop Auckland, County Durham, England. He renounced his dual citizenship before standing at the 2013 election in accordance with section 44 of the constitution.[4]
Conroy attended Ettalong Public School and Gosford High School. Growing up he played for the Woy Woy Football Club and the Gosford Rugby Club.[citation needed] Conroy holds the degree of Bachelor of Economics (Hons.) from the University of Sydney. He joined the ALP in 1994 and served as a state and federal vice-president of Australian Young Labor from 2003 to 2004. Prior to entering parliament, he worked as an electorate officer for Anthony Albanese (2000), an industrial/policy officer with the CFMEU's forestry division (2000–2002), a policy adviser to George Campbell (2002–2004), national economist to the Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union (2004–2008), and as principal policy adviser (2008–2011) and deputy chief of staff (2011–2013) to Greg Combet.[2]
Parliament
Conroy was elected to parliament at the 2013 federal election, retaining the Division of Charlton for the Labor Party following Greg Combet's retirement.[3][5] He transferred to the Division of Shortland at the 2016 election, following Charlton's abolition. After the election he was appointed to Bill Shorten's shadow ministry as an assistant minister for the portfolios of infrastructure and climate change and energy. He retained his place in Anthony Albanese's shadow ministry after the 2019 election, and was promoted to Shadow Minister for International Development and the Pacific as well as minister assisting in the portfolios of climate change, defence and government accountability.[2]