The Pan-Orthodox Council, officially referred to as the Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church (Ancient Greek: Ἁγία καὶ Μεγάλη Σύνοδος τῆς Ὀρθοδόξου Ἐκκλησίας;[1] also sometimes called the Council of Crete), was a synod of set representative bishops of the universally recognised autocephalouslocal churches of the Eastern Orthodox Church held in Kolymvari, Crete. The Council sat from 19 to 26 June 2016.
Preparations
In March 2014, the Primates of local Orthodox Churches convened in Fener, the residence of the Ecumenical PatriarchBartholomew I, and reached a decision: "The Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church will be convened by the Ecumenical Patriarch in Constantinople in 2016, unless something unexpected occurs."[1][2]
In January 2016, at the invitation of the Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew, the Synaxis of Primates of the Orthodox Autocephalous Churches was held at the Orthodox Center of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in Chambésy, Switzerland.[3] The Primates of the local Orthodox Churches and three official delegations representing the Church of Antioch, the Church of Greece, and the Church of Poland, convened to finalise the texts for the Holy and Great Council.[3] Due to the heightened tensions between Russia and Turkey, a decision was reached to hold the Synod in Greece.[4][5]
Agenda, decisions and reception
The items officially approved at the 2016 Synaxis for referral to and adoption by the Holy and Great Council were:[6][7]
The Mission of the Orthodox Church in Today's World;
The Importance of Fasting and Its Observance Today;
Relations of the Orthodox Church with the Rest of the Christian World.
Elizabeth Prodromou, an American professor who was on the team advising Patriarch Bartholomew at the Council, stated that the Council would enable the Orthodox church to express a "robust theology of global engagement".[8]
The Council in Crete approved, with minor amendments, the documents that had been elaborated by all the Churches in the course of their consultations prior to the Synod, and adopted the Message and the Encyclical.[9]
In view of non-attendance by the four Churches, the Synod's official spokesman Archbishop Job Getcha stated that all the documents adopted by the Council in Crete would be binding to all the Orthodox Churches.[10][11]
On 27 June 2016, the Synod of the Church of Antioch issued a statement concerning the Crete Council that stated that the documents adopted by in Crete were not binding for the Patriarchate of Antioch; the Church of Antioch recognized the Synod as "a preliminary gathering on the way to a Pan-Orthodox Council", while the documents it adopted as not final and open for discussion.[12][13]
The Synod of the Russian Church (the Moscow Patriarchate) in July 2016 passed a resolution that designated the Crete Council as "an important event in the history of the synodal process in the Orthodox Church that was begun by the First Pan-Orthodox consultation in Rhodes in 1961", but the Russian Church Synod refused to recognise the Synod as pan-orthodox and the documents thereof as "reflecting pan-orthodox consensus".[14] The Russian Church Synod decided to have the Crete Synod's documents examined for further conclusions.[14][15] In early December 2017, the Bishops′ Council of the ROC approved the previous resolution of the ROC Synod that stated that the ROC did not recognise the Council in Crete as Pan-Orthodox, nor its decisions binding for all the Orthodox Churches.[16]
On 18 November 2016, Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople sent a letter to the Archbishop of Athens asking him to admonish some of the Greek Orthodox clergy who reject the Holy and Great Council. According to the document, Patriarch Bartholomew reserved to himself the right to sever ecclesiastical and sacramental communion with those clergymen if Greek ecclesiastical authorities decide not to act on the patriarch's request to discipline them.[17] As Dr. Ines Murzaku, professor of Ecclesiastical History and Founding Chair of the Department of Catholic Studies at Seton Hall University, elaborated in her email interview to Crisis Magazine, such "interference and pressure to excommunicate might sound more as rules/jurisdiction that apply in the West“, and for this reason the Patriarch Bartholomew "might be viewed by many as ‘the Pope of the East’ or ‘Orthodox Pope’”.[18]
However, other Catholic scholars such as Ludwig Hertling, would disagree as he says in his book, Communio: Church and Papacy in Early Christianity, anyone could and did break communion when the parties felt necessary. The most prominent example is the excommunications between Patriarch Michael Kerularios and Cardinal Humbert (a representative of Pope Leo, but not Leo himself) when the latter excommunicated the former. That is still practiced in the Church today.
The Patriarch's request for admonishment concerning the clerics in question is not based on their rejection of the Council per se, since others also disagree, but with the manner they conduct their activities as well as their allegations and charges, including that of heresy (both type of actions denounced by the Holy Synods of other autocephalous Churches).
Archimandrite Tikhon, Abbot of Stavronikita Monastery of Mount Athos.
Protopresbyter of the Ecumenical Throne Konstantinos Myron (Germany).
Sister Theoxeni, Abbess of the Holy Patriarchal and Stavropegic Monastery of the Life-Giving Spring (Chrysopigi (gr)), Chania.
Mr. Panteleimon Vingas, Archon Grand Chartophylax of the Holy and Great Church of Christ (Constantinople).
Dr. Elizabeth Prodromou, Professor (USA).
Archimandrite Bartholomew Samaras, Chief-Secretary of the Holy and Sacred Council of the Ecumenical Patriarchate and Secretary to the Holy and Great Council’s President.
On June 9, 2016, the Serbian Orthodox Church joined a number of local Churches which did not consider participation in the Pan-Orthodox Council slated for late June on Crete to be possible.[23] However on June 15, 2016, the Serbian Church changed its position on the issue of its participation in the Pan-Orthodox Council and decided to attend,[24] with the caveat that it reserved the right to leave forum on Crete if the position of those churches who refused to participate was ignored.[25]
Archimandrite Benedict (Ioannou), Director of St. Barnabas Seminary.
Archimandrite Papagrigorios (Ioannidis).
Archimandrite Gregory (Mousouroulis).
Archimandrite Augustinos (Kkaras).
Deacon Cyprian Kountouris.
Deacon Michael Nicholaou.
Mr. Michael Spyrou, Secretary of the Holy Council.
Church of Greece
A Greek media report of May 24, 2016 stated that at least a dozen bishops who had been appointed[26] to participate in the Holy and Great Council said that they refused to attend. The specific prelates were to be replaced by other metropolitans at an urgently convened summit of the hierarchy of the Church of Greece.[27] The original list of participants was published on March 8, 2016.[26][28] The final delagtion that attended the Synod included the following:[21]
Archpriest Milan Gerka, Secretary of the Holy Council.
Archimandrite Seraphim (Šemjatovský).
Archpriest Michal Švajko.
Archdeacon Maxim Durila.
Deacon Kiril Sarkissian.
Ms Iveta Stacova (interpreter).
Churches that did not attend
Church of Antioch
The Antiochian Church pulled out due to the dispute over the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of Qatar that is also claimed by the Patriarchate of Jerusalem.[32]
The Antiochian Church joined the Church of Georgia in their reservations toward the pre-conciliar document about marriage, and also disagreed with the document about the Orthodox diaspora. There were other matters which the Antiochian Church desired to discuss, such as the calendar issue, but had been removed from the agenda due to lack of consensus on the issue.[33]
Still desiring to convene a Pan-Orthodox Council with full participation, the Antiochian Church considers the 2016 meeting to be "a preliminary meeting towards the Pan-Orthodox Council, [and thus considers] its documents not final, but still open to discussion and amendment upon the convocation of the Great Pan-Orthodox Council in the presence and participation of all the Autocephalous Orthodox Churches."[34]
Russian Church
The Russian Orthodox Church pulled out because of her belief that the council is not truly "pan-orthodox" without the Antiochan, Bulgarian, or Georgian churches.[35][36] Previously, a preliminary discussion was held on the composition of the delegation to the Pan-Orthodox Council,[37] and the list of participants was published.[38][note 1]
The Bulgarian Orthodox Church pulled out due to disagreements on some of the texts already approved for the Synod meeting, and specifically that those texts would not be subject to editing in the course of discussions, though that seemed to be a misunderstanding, since all documents were opened for discussion and other Churches went ready to and did amend them.[42]
Church of Georgia
The Georgian Orthodox Church pulled out due to disagreements about several of the Synod's documents, in particular "The Relation of the Orthodox Church with the Rest of the Christian World".[32][43]
In December 2016 the holy synod of the Church of Georgia rejected the claim that the council, which it refers to as the "Council of Crete", was Pan Orthodox and the idea that its texts reflected Orthodox Teaching.[44][45]
Orthodox Church in America
The Orthodox Church in America (OCA) was not invited due to the lack of recognition of her autocephaly by some other autocephalous Churches. However, the jurisdiction did support the Council and its convocation by sending clergy scholars from among them to help with the event before, during, and after.[citation needed] In addition, she released an official letter in support of the Council and a special prayer to be included during every Divine Liturgy in every diocese.[46] Also, OCA scholars were among the drafters of a special letter sent to every autocephalous Church urging them to support the convocation of the Council during the time when critical voices were pressuring certain Churches to not attend the synod just a few days before it was to meet.[47] However, the OCA has not released a post-Council statement, and Metropolitan Tikhon has been in the process of resuming the discussion between the OCA and the Ecumenical Patriarchate.[citation needed]
Notes
^The delegation of the Church of Russia that had been approved on May 4 had included the following bishops:[38]
^ abcdefghijChurches. ORTHODOXIA. Ostkirchliches Institut Regensburg OKI and Institute for Ecumenical Studies ISO, University of Fribourg. Retrieved: 27 June 2016.
2020-21 South Korean web series For other uses, see A Love So Beautiful (disambiguation). A Love So BeautifulPromotional posterHangul아름다웠던 우리에게 GenreRomantic comedyComing-of-ageDeveloped byKakao MWritten byChoi Yoo-jung Jang Yoo-yeonDirected bySeo Min-jungStarringKim Yo-hanSo Joo-yeonYeo Hoe-hyunJo Hye-jooJeong Jin-hwanCountry of originSouth KoreaOriginal languageKoreanNo. of episodes24 (list of episodes)ProductionProducersLee Min-sukShin Jong-sooRunning time21-25 minutesPr...
Lambang kotamadya Untuk ortsteil di Mockrehna, Sachsen, lihat Gräfendorf, Sachsen. Gräfendorf adalah kotamadya di Main-Spessart, Regierungsbezirk Unterfranken, Bayern, Jerman. Kotamadya ini adalah bagian Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Gemunden am Main. Geografi Gräfendorf berada di Sungai Fraenkische Saale di Kawasan Würzburg dekat Gemuenden am Main. Di Gräfendorf terdapat desa-desa Michelau an der Saale, Schonderfeld, Weickersgrüben dan Wolfsmünster. Gräfendorf, beserta Wolfsmünster, Miche...
Strada statale 699dell'Abbazia di FossanovaLocalizzazioneStato Italia Regioni Lazio DatiClassificazioneStrada statale Inizioex SS 156 presso Prossedi FineSS 7 presso Terracina Lunghezza20,500[1] km Data apertura2003[2] GestoreANAS (2011-) Manuale La strada statale 699 dell'Abbazia di Fossanova (SS 699), già nuova strada ANAS 255 dell'Abbazia di Fossanova (NSA 255), è una strada statale italiana, che scorre nel basso Lazio, in provincia di Latina. Indice 1 Descrizio...
2nd Marine Aircraft Wing2nd MAW InsigniaActive10 July 1941–presentCountryUnited StatesBranchUnited States Marine CorpsTypeMarine Aircraft WingRoleConduct air operations in support of the Fleet Marine ForcesPart ofII Marine Expeditionary ForceGarrison/HQMarine Corps Air Station Cherry PointNickname(s)2nd MAWEngagementsWorld War II Wake Island Battle of Guadalcanal Battle of Midway Battle of Saipan Battle of Tinian Battle of Guam Battle of Okinawa Operation Desert StormWar on Terror Ope...
Zombie Movies: The Ultimate Guide AuthorGlenn KayCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishSubjectFilm criticismPublished2008 (Chicago Review Press)Media typePrintPages352ISBN978-1-55652-770-8 Zombie Movies: The Ultimate Guide is a 2008 non-fiction book by Glenn Kay about zombies in popular culture, primarily zombie films. It was updated in 2012 to include television episodes and more films. Publication The initial printing was in 2008. A second edition was published on October 1, 2012.[1&#...
Struktur dalam suatu planet. Inti keplanetan terdiri dari lapisan-lapisan paling dalam suatu planet. Inti mungkin terdiri dari lapisan padat dan cair, dan hal ini bergantung kepada diferensiasi yang terjadi pada masa awal pembentukan.[1] Inti Mars dan Venus sepenuhnya padat karena tidak memiliki medan magnet yang dihasilkan dari dalam.[2] Di Tata Surya, ukuran inti dapat bervariasi antara 20% (Bulan) hingga 85% jari-jari benda langit (Merkurius). Beberapa satelit alami, astero...
Mario MusolesiSoprannomeLupo NascitaVado di Monzuno, 1º agosto 1914 MorteMarzabotto, 29 settembre 1944 (30 anni) Cause della morteFerite riportate in combattimento Luogo di sepolturaSacrario dei Caduti di Marzabotto Dati militariPaese servito Regno d'Italia Forza armataRegio EsercitoResistenza partigiana ArmaFanteria SpecialitàCarrista Anni di servizio1935-361940-44 GuerreGuerra di EtiopiaSeconda guerra mondiale CampagneCampagna d'Italia (1943-1945) BattaglieLinea Gotica Comand...
Kultur Jaringan Tanaman Kultur jaringan adalah suatu metode untuk mengisolasi bagian dari tanaman seperti sekelompok sel atau jaringan yang ditumbuhkan dalam kondisi aseptik, sehingga bagian tanaman tersebut bisa dapat memperbanyak diri hingga tumbuh menjadi tanaman-tanaman yang baru kembali dengan sifat yang sama.[1] Prinsip Teknik kultur jaringan memanfaatkan prinsip perbanyakan tumbuhan secara vegetatif.[1] Berbeda dari teknik perbanyakan tumbuhan secara konvensional, tekni...
Questa voce sull'argomento società calcistiche colombiane è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Patriotas Boyacá Sociedad AnónimaCalcio Acereros, Muiscas, Lanceros Segni distintivi Uniformi di gara Casa Trasferta Terza divisa Colori sociali Rosso castagno, bianco Simboli Aquila Dati societari Città Tunja Nazione Colombia Confederazione CONMEBOL Federazione FCF Campionato Categoría Primera A Fondazione 2003 Presidente César Guzmá...
Questa voce o sezione deve essere rivista e aggiornata appena possibile. Sembra infatti che questa voce contenga informazioni superate e/o obsolete. Se puoi, contribuisci ad aggiornarla. Conn Smythe TrophyConferito daNational Hockey League Fondazione1964-65 Assegnato amiglior giocatore della propria squadra nei playoff della National Hockey League.[1] DetentoreCale MakarColorado Avalanche Maggiori vittoriePatrick Roy (3) Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale Il Conn Smythe Trophy...
Sinar-X paru-paru manusia Sebuah foto sinar-X (radiograf) diambil oleh Röntgen. Sinar-X, juga dikenal sebagai radiasi-X, adalah suatu bentuk radiasi elektromagnetik berenergi tinggi. Dinamakan sesuai dengan nama ilmuwan Jerman, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen yang menemukannya pada 1895, sinar ini dinamakan X untuk menunjukkan sifatnya yang tidak diketahui pada saat itu. Panjang gelombang sinar X berada di antara sinar ultraviolet dan sinar gama. Meskipun tidak ada definisi yang disepakati secara un...
Canadian curler Gloria TaylorCurlerTeamCurling clubLakehead Ladies CC, Thunder Bay, ON,Fort William CC, Thunder Bay, ON,Port Arthur CC, Thunder Bay, ONCurling career Member Association OntarioHearts appearances4 (1988, 1989, 1990)World Championshipappearances1 (1989) Medal record Curling Representing Canada World Championships 1989 Milwaukee Representing Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts 1988 Fredericton 1989 Kelowna 1990 Ottawa Gloria Taylor (died c. 2013)[1] was...
سفارة ألمانيا لدى مصر ألمانيا مصر الإحداثيات 30°03′18″N 31°13′08″E / 30.0550073°N 31.2189901°E / 30.0550073; 31.2189901 البلد مصر المكان القاهرة العنوان 2 شارع برلين، الجبلاية، الزمالك، محافظة القاهرة· السفير فرانك هارتمان ، الاختصاص مصر الموقع الالكتروني الموقع الرسمي...
Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara (disingkat: UINSU) adalah Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri yang berada di Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. UINSU awalnya berdiri dengan nama Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN SU) pada tahun 1973. Kemudian alih status IAIN SU menjadi Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sumatera Utara telah disetujui dengan Perpres No. 131/2014 tanggal 16 Oktober 2014 oleh Presiden ke-6 Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.[1] Universitas Islam NegeriSumatera Uta...
United States commemorative coin Louisiana Purchase Exposition dollarUnited StatesValue1 US dollarMass1.672 gDiameter15 mmEdgeReededComposition 90% gold 10% copper Gold0.04837 troy ozYears of minting1903 (some pieces struck in 1902 with 1903 date)Mintage125,000 of each type minted; 35,000 total coins distributed, remainder melted.Mint marksNone. All pieces struck at Philadelphia Mint without mint mark.ObverseDesignThomas JeffersonDesignerCharles E. Barber, after a medal by...
Musical instrument Andrea Neumann's preparations, where pieces of cutlery are placed between piano strings Phillip Zoubek's prepared piano A prepared piano is a piano that has had its sounds temporarily altered by placing bolts, screws, mutes, rubber erasers, and/or other objects on or between the strings. Its invention is usually traced to John Cage's dance music for Bacchanale (1940), created for a performance in a Seattle venue that lacked sufficient space for a percussion ensemble. Cage h...
2004 soundtrack album by Raven-Symoné and various artists That's So RavenSoundtrack album by Raven-Symoné and various artistsReleasedMay 18, 2004GenrePopR&BLength48:53LabelWalt DisneyProducerMatthew GerrardChristopher B. PearmanRay ChamCutfatherDef JefDes'reeAndy DoddDr. LukeMattias GustafssonMark HammondAshley IngramDave KatzArif MardinHarvey Mason Jr.David PaichMarty PaichMike SimpsonDamon ThomasAdam WattsJay Landers (exec.)Elliot Lurie (exec.)[1]That's So Raven soundtrack...
.jpg)
