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Palaemonidae
	Periclimenes pedersoni, a cleaner shrimp
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Malacostraca
Order:	Decapoda
Suborder:	Pleocyemata
Infraorder:	Caridea
Superfamily:	Palaemonoidea
Family:	Palaemonidae; Rafinesque, 1815
Synonyms
	Anchistioididae Borradaile, 1915; Kakaducarididae;

Palaemonidae is a family of shrimp in the order Decapoda. Many species are carnivores that eat small invertebrates, and can be found in any aquatic habitat except the deep sea. One significant genus is Macrobrachium, which contains commercially fished species. Others inhabit coral reefs, where they associate with certain invertebrates, such as sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, and echinoderms, as cleaner shrimps, parasites, or commensals. They generally feed on detritus, though some are carnivores and hunt tiny animals.^[1]

The family contains more than 1200 species in 160 genera.^[2]^[3]^[4] The genera were formerly split into two subfamilies, but in 2015, molecular and morphological research determined that the subfamily groupings were invalid. At the same time, the members of the families Gnathophyllidae and Hymenoceridae were incorporated into the Palaemonidae.^[5]^[6]

Genera

The following genera are recognised:^[7]

Actinimenes Ďuriš & Horká, 2017
Alburnia Bravi & Garassino, 1998 †
Allopontonia Bruce, 1972
Altopontonia Bruce, 1990
Amphipontonia Bruce, 1991
Anapontonia Bruce, 1966
Anchiopontonia Bruce, 1992
Anchistioides Paulson, 1875
Anchistus Borradaile, 1898
Ancylocaris Schenkel, 1902
Ancylomenes Okuno & Bruce, 2010
Anisomenaeus Bruce, 2010
Apopontonia Bruce, 1976
Arachnochium Wowor & Ng, 2010
Araiopontonia Fujino & Miyake, 1970
Ascidonia Fransen, 2002
Bahiacaris Schweitzer, Santana, Pinheiro & Feldmann, 2019 †
Balssia Kemp, 1922
Bathymenes Kou, Li & Bruce, 2016
Bavaricaris Winkler, 2021 †
Bechleja Houša, 1957 †
Beurlenia Martins-Neto & Mezzalira, 1991 †
Blepharocaris Mitsuhashi & Chan, 2007
Brachycarpus Spence Bate, 1888
Brucecaris Marin & Chan, 2006
Bruceonia Fransen, 2002
Cainonia Bruce, 2005
Calathaemon Bruce & Short, 1993
Carinopontonia Bruce, 1988
Chacella Bruce, 1986
Climeniperaeus Bruce, 1995
Colemonia Bruce, 2005
Conchodytes Peters, 1852
Coralliocaris Stimpson, 1860
Coutierea Nobili, 1901
Creaseria Holthuis, 1950
Crinotonia Marin, 2006
Cristimenes Ďuriš & Horká, 2017
Cryphiops Dana, 1852
Ctenopontonia Bruce, 1979
Cuapetes Clark, 1919
Dactylonia Fransen, 2002
Dasella Lebour, 1945
Dasycaris Kemp, 1922
Diapontonia Bruce, 1986
Echinopericlimenes Marin & Chan, 2014
Epipontonia Bruce, 1977
Eupontonia Bruce, 1971
Exoclimenella Bruce, 1995
Exopontonia Bruce, 1988
Fennera Holthuis, 1951
Gnathophylleptum d'Udekem d'Acoz, 2001
Gnathophylloides Schmitt, 1933
Gnathophyllum Latreille, 1819
Hamiger Borradaile, 1916
Hamodactyloides Fujino, 1973
Hamodactylus Holthuis, 1952
Hamopontonia Bruce, 1970
Harpiliopsis Borradaile, 1917
Harpilius Dana, 1852
Holthuisaeus Anker & De Grave, 2010
Homelys Meyer, 1862 †
Hymenocera Latreille, 1819
Ischnopontonia Bruce, 1966
Isopontonia Bruce, 1982
Izucaris Okuno, 1999
Jocaste Holthuis, 1952
Kaviengella Šobáňová & Ďuriš, 2018
Kellnerius Santana, Pinheiro, Da Silva & Saraiva, 2013 †
Laomenes Clark, 1919
Leander Desmarest, 1849
Leandrites Holthuis, 1950
Leptocarpus Holthuis, 1950
Leptomenaeus Bruce, 2007
Leptopalaemon Bruce & Short, 1993
Levicaris Bruce, 1973
Lipkebe Chace, 1969
Lipkemenes Bruce & Okuno, 2010
Macrobrachium Spence Bate, 1868
Madangella Frolová & Ďuriš, 2018
Manipontonia Bruce, Okuno & Li, 2005
Margitonia Bruce, 2007
Mesopontonia Bruce, 1967
Metapontonia Bruce, 1967
Michaelimenes Okuno, 2017
Micropsalis Meyer, 1859 †
Miopontonia Bruce, 1985
Nematopalaemon Holthuis, 1950
Neoanchistus Bruce, 1975
Neoclimenes Mitsuhashi, Li & Chan, 2010
Neopalaemon Hobbs, 1973
Neopericlimenes Heard, Spotte & Bubucis, 1993
Neopontonides Holthuis, 1951
Nippontonia Bruce & Bauer, 1997
Notopontonia Bruce, 1991
Odontonia Fransen, 2002
Onycocaridella Bruce, 1981
Onycocaridites Bruce, 1987
Onycocaris Nobili, 1904
Onycomenes Bruce, 2009
Opaepupu Anker & De Grave, 2021
Orthopontonia Bruce, 1982
Palaemon Weber, 1795
Palaemonella Dana, 1852
Paraclimenaeus Bruce, 1988
Paraclimenes Bruce, 1995
Paranchistus Holthuis, 1952
Parapalaemonetes Brandt & Schulz, 2013 †
Paratypton Balss, 1914
Patonia Mitsuhashi & Chan, 2006
Periclimenaeus Borradaile, 1915
Periclimenella Bruce, 1995
Periclimenes O.G. Costa, 1844
Periclimenoides Bruce, 1990
Philarius Holthuis, 1952
Phycomenes Bruce, 2008
Phyllognathia Borradaile, 1915
Pinnotherotonia Marin & Paulay, 2010
Platycaris Holthuis, 1952
Platypontonia Bruce, 1968
Plesiomenaeus Bruce, 2009
Plesiopontonia Bruce, 1985
Pliopontonia Bruce, 1973
Pontonia Latreille, 1829
Pontonides Borradaile, 1917
Pontoniopsides Bruce, 2005
Pontoniopsis Borradaile, 1915
Poripontonia Fransen, 2003
Propalaemon Woodward, 1903 †
Propontonia Bruce, 1969
Pseudocaridinella Martins-Neto & Mezzalira, 1991 †
Pseudoclimenes Bruce, 2008
Pseudocoutierea Holthuis, 1951
Pseudopalaemon Sollaud, 1911
Pseudopontonia Bruce, 1992
Pseudopontonides Heard, 1986
Pseudoveleronia Marin, 2008
Pycnocaris Bruce, 1972
Rapimenes Ďuriš & Horká, 2017
Rapipontonia Marin, 2007
Rhopalaemon Ashelby & De Grave, 2010
Rostronia Fransen, 2002
Sandimenes Li, 2009
Sandyella Marin, 2009
Schmelingia Schweigert, 2002 †
Stegopontonia Nobili, 1906
Tectopontonia Bruce, 1973
Tenuipedium Wowor & Ng, 2010
Thaumastocaris Kemp, 1922
Troglindicus Sankolli & Shenoy, 1979
Troglocubanus Holthuis, 1949
Troglomexicanus Villalobos, Alvarez & Iliffe, 1999
Tuleariocaris Hipeau-Jacquotte, 1965
Typton Costa, 1844
Typtonoides Bruce, 2010
Typtonomenaeus Marin & Chan, 2013
Typtonychus Bruce, 1996
Unesconia Anker, 2020
Unguicaris Marin & Chan, 2006
Urocaridella Borradaile, 1915
Urocaris Stimpson, 1860
Veleronia Holthuis, 1951
Veleroniopsis Gore, 1981
Vir Holthuis, 1952
Waldola Holthuis, 1951
Yemenicaris Bruce, 1997
Yongjicaris Garassino, Yanbin, Schram & Taylor, 2002 †
Zenopontonia Bruce, 1975
Zoukaris Anker & Corbari, 2020

Some of the genera were formerly placed in the family Gnathophyllidae,^[8] which is no longer recognized.^[7] These shrimp were often associated with echinoderms,^[9] and consisted of about 14 species in five genera:^[3]

Gnathophylleptum d'Udekem d'Acoz, 2001
Gnathophylloides Schmitt, 1933
Gnathophyllum Latreille, 1819
Levicaris Bruce, 1973
Pycnocaris Bruce, 1972

Gallery

Gnathophyllum americanum
Phyllognathia ceratophthalma, Phyllognathia genus

References

^ Bos AR, Hoeksema BW (2015). "Cryptobenthic fishes and co-inhabiting shrimps associated with the mushroom coral Heliofungia actiniformis (Fungiidae) in the Davao Gulf, Philippines". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 98 (6): 1479–1489. doi:10.1007/s10641-014-0374-0. S2CID 14834695.
^ Shane T. Ahyong; James K. Lowry; Miguel Alonso; Roger N. Bamber; Geoffrey A. Boxshall; Peter Castro; Sarah Gerken; Gordan S. Karaman; Joseph W. Goy; Diana S. Jones; Kenneth Meland; D. Christopher Rogers; Jörundur Svavarsson (2011). "Subphylum Crustacea Brünnich, 1772" (PDF). In Z.-Q. Zhang (ed.). Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Vol. 3148. pp. 165–191. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
^ ^a ^b Sammy De Grave; N. Dean Pentcheff; Shane T. Ahyong; et al. (2009). "A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Suppl. 21: 1–109. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-06.
^ "Palaemonidae". GBIF. Retrieved 2019-12-30.
^ De Grave, S.; Fransen, C. H.; Page, T. J. (2015). "Let's be pals again: major systematic changes in Palaemonidae (Crustacea: Decapoda)". PeerJ. 3: e1167. doi:10.7717/peerj.1167. PMC 4558070. PMID 26339545.
^ WoRMS Editorial Board (2019). "World Register of Marine Species". doi:10.14284/170. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ ^a ^b Error: parameter not supported for this source (genus)
^ P. J. F. Davie (2002). "Gnathophyllidae". Zoological Catalogue of Australia: Phyllocarida, Hoplocarida, Eucarida (Part 1). CSIRO Publishing. pp. 248–250. ISBN 0-643-06791-4.
^ Raymond T. Bauer (2004). "Symbioses". Remarkable Shrimps: Adaptations and Natural History of the Carideans. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 179–203. ISBN 978-0-8061-3555-7.