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The following outline is provided as an overview of topics relating to community.

A community is a group of people whose identity as a group lies in their interaction and sharing. Many factors may affect the identity of the participants and their degree of adhesion, such as intent, belief, resources, preferences, needs and risks.

Types of communities

Geographic and physical communities

Human geography – who people are and where they live

European Community – founded on March 25, 1957, by the signing of the Treaty of Rome
Community council – tier of local government in Wales and Scotland
Autonomous communities of Spain – Spain's fifty provinces are grouped into seventeen autonomous communities
Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium
Local community – town, city, neighborhood, rural area, or any locale and everyone in it
Unincorporated community – geographic area having a common social identity
Residential community – small town or city, composed mostly of residents
Intentional Community – planned residential community, usually of people that share personal and cultural values.
- Cohousing – intentional community composed of private homes centered around a common house and other common facilities.
- Ecovillage – intentional community formed with social, economic, and ecological sustainability as its goal.
- Commune (intentional community) – intentional community where most resources are shared and there is little or no personal property (as opposed to communities that only share housing)
- Monastery – community of monks practicing a religious discipline
- Convent – community of clergy particularly in the Roman Catholic Church and, to a lesser degree, in the Anglican Church
- World Brotherhood Colonies – idea for spiritual based intentional communities based on shared spiritual principles, begun by Paramahansa Yogananda

Global community

World community – global aspects of community from the perspective of governance and the humanities
International community – global aspects of community from the perspective of governance and the humanities
Global village – global aspects of community from the perspective of telecommunications

Ideational or abstract communities

Business community – total body of business people its relationships and interactions
Religious congregation – total body of religious people its relationships and interactions
intentional community – total body of religious people its relationships and interactions
Scientific community – total body of scientists, its relationships and interactions
Epistemic community – those who accept one version of a story
Discourse Community – users of a particular style of language
Moral community – group of people drawn together by a common interest in living according to a particular moral philosophy
Voluntary association – group of individuals who voluntarily enter into an agreement to accomplish a purpose
Cooperative – group of persons who join (co-operate) to carry on an economic activity of mutual benefit

Associative communities

Community of...

Action – group of people organized to support a cause or bring about social change
Circumstance – group of people bound together because of circumstances usually beyond their control
Interest – group of people who share a common interest or passion
Place – group of people bound together because of where they spend a continuous portion of their time
Position – group of people who share a particular station in life (such as teenage years, marriage, parenthood, etc.)
Practice – group of people who choose to collaborate over an extended period to share ideas, find solutions, and build innovations.
Purpose – group of people who are going through the same process or are trying to achieve a similar objective

see Group (sociology)

Cooperatives

Housing cooperative – legal entity that owns real estate, usually one or more residential buildings
Retailers' cooperative – network of retailers which employs economies of scale to get discounts from manufacturers and to pool marketing
Consumers' cooperative – cooperative which employs economies of scale to get discounts from distributors
Utility cooperative – public utility such as electric, water or telecommunications owned by its members
Worker cooperative – business entity owned in part or exclusively by its workers

Other

Affinity group – small group of activists (usually from 3-20) who work together on direct action
Intentional community – planned residential community with a much higher degree of social interaction than other communities
Learning community – cohort-based, interdisciplinary approach to higher education covering distinct fields of study
Virtual community – See Virtual community section below
Web community

Actual communities

Lists of communities, co-ops, etc.:

Lists of virtual communities:

The world community:

Note to dialup users: the following lists are massive

List of countries (a comprehensive list of List of sovereign states)
List of subnational entities (a comprehensive list of subnational entities, such as states, provinces, communities, etc.)

Online communities

Craigslist – centralized network of urban online communities, featuring free classified advertisements (with jobs, housing, personals, for sale/barter/wanted, services, community, gigs and resumes categories) and forums sorted by various topics

Community concepts, movements and schools of thought

Affinity (sociology) – in terms of sociology, refers to "kinship of spirit", interest and other interpersonal commonalities
Cenobitic – monastic tradition that stresses community life as opposed to eremitic (like a hermit).
Collective – group of people who share common interests, working together to achieve a common objective
Collectivism – school of thought, antithetical to Individualism, in which the collective takes precedence over the individual
Communitarianism – group of related but distinct philosophies advocating phenomena such as civil society
Communitas – Latin noun for the spirit of community having significance in cultural anthropology and the social sciences.
Community politics – movement in British politics to re-engage people with political action on a local level
Community television – television stations that are owned and operated by communities rather than governments or corporations
Consanguinity – quality of being descended from the same ancestor as another person
Consensus decision-making – inclusive decision-making processes that accommodate even the minority
Emergence – complex pattern formation from simpler rules
Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft – terms introduced by German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies to distinguish community from society
Group (sociology) – collection of people who share characteristics, interact and have a common identity
Group dynamics – field of study within the social sciences that focuses on the nature of groups
Imagined communities – concept that nations are socially constructed by the imaginations of people
Internationalism (politics) – political movement which advocates cooperation between nations for the benefit of all
Interpersonal relationship – connection, affiliation or association between two or more people
Liminality – period of transition related to initiation, rite of passage or other entry into a group
Meeting – two or more people coming together to have discussions or produce a predetermined output, often in a formalized way
Meritocracy – form of government based on rule by ability (merit) rather than by wealth or other determinants of social position.
Organization – formal group of people with one or more shared goals
Organizational learning – area of knowledge that looks at how an organization learns and adapts
Plenary session – part of a meeting when all members of all parties are in attendance
Scientific Community Metaphor – approach in computer science to understanding and performing scientific communities
Sense of community – look from the psychological perspective at how and why communities form and why people join them
Small-group communication – communication in a context that mixes interpersonal communication interactions with social clustering
Social capital – concept with a variety of inter-related definitions, based on the economic value of social networks
Socialization – process by which people learn to adopt the behavior patterns of the community in which they live
Solidarity (sociology) – feeling or condition of unity based on common goals, interests, and sympathies among a group's members

Academic subjects

Community studies – academic discipline, drawing on sociology and anthropology with emphasis on ethnography (participant observation)
Community psychology – use of the principles of psychology to understand how communities work (or fail to work)
Computational sociology – recently developed branch of sociology that uses computation to analyze social phenomena
Cultural anthropology – field of anthropology comprising the holistic study of humanity
Internet studies – emerging field of academia dealing with the interaction between the Internet and modern society
Organizational Development – branch of Sociology that deals with how and why people organize themselves
Philosophy of social science – scholarly elucidation and debate of accounts of the nature of the social sciences
Rural sociology – field of sociology associated with the study of life in small towns and the country.
Social geography – how society affects geographical features and how environmental factors affect society.
Social philosophy – philosophical study of interesting questions about social behavior (typically, of humans).
Social sciences – groups of academic disciplines that study the human aspects of the world using scientific methods
Sociocultural evolution – theories of cultural evolution and social evolution – describing how cultures and societies have developed over time
Urban planning – discipline which deals with the development of metropolitan areas, municipalities and neighbourhoods

Community development

Community development – efforts to improve communities:

Community organizing – process by which people are brought together to act in common self-interest
Community building – the more informal (or intangible) aspects of community development; the establishment, broadening and deepening of links between community members
Community economic development – efforts to improve the material aspects of local communities
Community development planning – Public participatory and usually interactive town or neighborhood planning and design
Community practice – type of social work practice that focuses on community level interventions
Community service – service (voluntary or compulsory) that a person performs for the benefit of his or her local community

Virtual community concepts

Virtual community Virtual community – group of people communicating with each other by means of information technologies:

Bulletin board system –
Chat room – online site in which people can chat online (talk by broadcasting messages to people on the same site in real time)
Computer-mediated communication –
Discourse community –
Electronic mailing list – special usage of e-mail that allows for widespread distribution of information to many Internet users
Internet activism –
Internet forum –
Internet social network –
Massively distributed collaboration –
Motivations for Contributing to Online Communities –
Massively Multiplayer Online Role-playing Games
Network of practice –
Online deliberation –
Social network –
Social evolutionary computation –
The Virtual Community –
Usenet – distributed Internet discussion system that evolved from a general purpose UUCP network of the same name
Virtual Community of Practice –
Virtual Ethnography –
Virtual reality –
Web community –
Web of trust –
Wireless community projects – development of interlinked computer networks
World Wide Web – global, read-write information space

See also Category:Virtual communities

Community institutions

Community college – educational institution providing post-secondary education
Community wind energy – projects that are locally owned by farmers, investors, businesses, schools, utilities, or other public or private entities who utilise wind energy to support and reduce energy costs to the local community
Community foundations – institutions that pool donations into coordinated investments for grants
Community (trade union) – trade union in the UK