Out Islands

The Out Islands of the Bahamas
Bimini Bay
Geography
LocationCaribbean
Coordinates25°01′33″N 78°02′09″W / 25.025885°N 78.035889°W / 25.025885; -78.035889
Administration

The Out Islands are the islands that make up the Bahamas with the exception of New Providence Island, where the capital and largest city, Nassau, is located, and Grand Bahama Island, where Freeport is located.[1][2] The Abaco Islands and Eleuthera islands are among the Out Islands.[3]

The Out Islands are also referred to as the Family Islands,[1][2] a term adopted in the 1970s.[4] There are approximately 700 Out Islands, of which only a small number are inhabited.[2]

History and population

See also: History of the Bahamas

A History of the Bahamian People notes that even as Nassau became a more important port, "the majority of the Out Islands remained fixed in the age of sail well into the twentieth century."[5] A significant number of American Loyalists fleeing from the Revolution migrated to the Bahamas (including the Out Islands), along with their slaves, profoundly influencing the islands' history.[6]

Specifically, some 300 white families (owning an estimated 5,000 slaves) fled from East Florida to New Providence; among these, the majority of the whites stayed on New Providence, while two-thirds of the slaves went to the previously undeveloped Out Islands.[7] A History of the Bahamian People notes that the Out Islands were historically "a miniature replica of Nassau's socialeconomic system based on race, differential wealth, and economic power" with some settlements being inhabited entirely by Afro-Bahamians, others by white Bahamians, and others by mixed communities generally dominated by whites.[8]

In 1980, a Cuban MiG fighter jet attacked a Bahamian patrol boat, the HMBS Flamingo, in the Out Islands, killing four Bahamian marines. Survivors of the attack came ashore on Ragged Island. The Cuban government maintained that it had mistaken the ship for a pirate vessel. The incident greatly angered Bahamians, and Cuba later issued an apology and reparations.[9][10]

Economy and demographics

The Out Islands are more sparsely inhabited and less economically developed than New Providence and Grand Bahama.[2] The most populous of the Out Islands are Abaco, Andros, and Eleuthera; the Out Islands tend to be less populous as one moves southward.[11]

Poverty has historically been high in the Out Islands, given the small size of the islands and the lack of natural resources.[12] In 2013, the Bahamas Department of Statistics reported a poverty rate of 17.16% in the Out Islands, compared to 12.58% in Nassau and 9.69% in Grand Bahama.[13]

At the beginning of the 20th century, more than 75% of all Bahamians lived in the Out Islands; by the 1970s, two-thirds of all Bahamians lived in Nassau or elsewhere on New Providence Island.[14] This dramatic population shift was related to a lack of stable job market in the Out Islands; only pineapple cultivation and salt-raking provided steady wage jobs, and only on a few islands.[15] Today, tourism is economically significant in the Out Islands; beaches, snorkeling, and scuba diving are the principal tourist draws.[16] A 2017 academic study reported that the relative economic importance of shark diving was greater in the Out Islands than elsewhere in the Bahamas.[13]

See also

Works cited

  • Michael Craton & Gail Saunders, A History of the Bahamian People: From Aboriginal Times to the End of Slavery (Vol. 1: University of Georgia Press, 1992: paperback ed., 2009).
  • Michael Craton & Gail Saunders, A History of the Bahamian People: From the Ending of Slavery to the Twenty-First Century (Vol. 2: University of Georgia Press, 1998: paperback ed., 2000).

Notes

  1. ^ a b David Hamilton-Jones, "Problems of Inter-Island Shipping in Archipelagic Small Island Countries: Fiji and the Cook Islands" in The Political Economy of Small Tropical Islands: The Importance of Being Small (eds. Helen M. Hintjens & Makyn D. D. Newitt: University of Exeter Press, 1992), p. 202.
  2. ^ a b c d Raeann R. Hamon, "'It's Better in the Bahamas': From Relationship Initiation to Marriage" in Mate Selection Across Cultures (eds. Raeann R. Hamon & Bron B. Ingoldsby, Sage Publications, 2003), p. 22.
  3. ^ Craton & Saunders, Vol. 2, p. 131.
  4. ^ Craton & Saunders, Vol. 2, p. 359.
  5. ^ Craton & Saunders, Vol. 2, p. 74.
  6. ^ Gail Saunders, Bahamian Loyalists and Their Slaves (Macmillan Caribbean, 1983), p. 58.
  7. ^ Craton & Saunders, Vol. 1, p. 188.
  8. ^ Craton & Saunders, Vol. 2, p. 132.
  9. ^ Anthony P. Maingot, Caribbean International Relations" in The Modern Caribbean (eds. Franklin W. Knight & Colin A. Palmer, 1989), pp. 279-280.
  10. ^ Stephen Webbe, Bahamas seethes over patrol-boat sinking, Christian Science Monitor (May 19, 1980).
  11. ^ Stephanie Hackert, "ICE Bahamas: Why and how?" ICAME Journal, Vol. 34, pp. 41–53.
  12. ^ Bridget Brereton, "Society and Culture in the Caribbean: The British and French West Indies, 1870-1980" in The Modern Caribbean (eds. Franklin W. Knight & Colin A. Palmer, 1989), p. 101.
  13. ^ a b Andrea R. Haas, Tony Fedler & Edward J. Brooks, The contemporary economic value of elasmobranchs in The Bahamas: Reaping the rewards of 25 years of stewardship and conservation, Biological Conservation, Vol. 207 (March 2017), pp. 55–63.
  14. ^ Craton & Saunders, Vol. 2, pp. 131 & 176.
  15. ^ Howard Johnson, "Labour Systems in Postemancipation Bahamas" in Social and Economic Studies, vol. 37, no. 1/2 (1988).
  16. ^ Kenneth C. Buchan, "The Bahamas" in Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 41, Nos. 1-6, pp. 94-111 (2000), at p. 101.