Otto Freundlich

Otto Freundlich
Born10 July 1878
Stolp, Germany
Died9 March 1943 (aged 64)
Majdanek concentration camp, General Government (German-occupied Poland)
NationalityGerman
Known forPainting and sculpture

Otto Freundlich (10 July 1878 – 9 March 1943) was a German painter and sculptor of Jewish origin. A part of the first generation of abstract painters in Western art, Freundlich was a great admirer of cubism. He was murdered at Majdanek concentration camp during the Holocaust.

Life

Selbstportrait (Self-portrait), 1918

Freundlich was born in Stolp, Province of Pomerania, Prussia. His mother was a first cousin of the writer Samuel Lublinski. Otto studied dentistry before deciding to become an artist. He went to Paris in 1908, living in Montmartre in Bateau Lavoir near to Pablo Picasso, Braque and others. In 1914 he returned to Germany. After World War I, he became politically active as a member of the November Group. In 1919, he organized the first Dada – exhibition in Cologne with Max Ernst and Johannes Theodor Baargeld. In 1925, he joined the Abstraction-Création group.

After 1925, Freundlich lived and worked mainly in France. In Germany, his work was condemned by the Nazis as degenerate and removed from public display. Some works were seized and displayed at the infamous Nazi exhibition of degenerate art including his monumental sculpture Der Neue Mensch (The New Human) which was photographed unsympathetically and used as the cover illustration of the exhibition catalogue.[1] Der Neue Mensch was never recovered and is assumed to have been destroyed. One of his sculptures was recovered in an excavation in Berlin and put on display at the Neues Museum.[2][3][4]

While in Paris, he became a member of the Union des Artistes Allemands Libres.[5]

He moved to France in 1924, and during the occupation moved with his wife to the Pyrenees. Freundlich was interned by the Vichy authorities but released, for a time, under the influence of Pablo Picasso. In 1943 he was arrested and deported to Majdanek concentration camp, where he was murdered on the day he arrived.

Legacy

Although Otto Freundlich has been largely overlooked since being vilified by the Nazis, a documentary Das Geht Nur Langsam (It Takes Time) was released in 2012. The film traces his vision to build streets of sculptures running through Europe symbolizing his utopian ideas for a world society. In Stolp there is bust erected in memory of Otto Freundlich.

  • My red heaven (1932)
    My red heaven (1932)
  • Composition (1932)
    Composition (1932)
  • Spherical bodies (1925)
    Spherical bodies (1925)
  • Exhibition guide to the Degenerate Art Exhibition with his sculpture Der Neue Mensch on the cover
    Exhibition guide to the Degenerate Art Exhibition with his sculpture Der Neue Mensch on the cover
  • The Mother
    The Mother
  • Komposition (1939)
    Komposition (1939)
  • Composition (1911)
    Composition (1911)

See also

References

  1. ^ "Otto Freundlich und Jeanne Kloss". strasse-des-friedens.com. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  2. ^ "Art believed destroyed by Nazis found in Berlin". CBS News. Associated Press. 15 November 2010. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  3. ^ "Buried in a Bombed-Out Cellar: Nazi Degenerate Art Rediscovered in Berlin". Der Spiegel. 11 August 2010.
  4. ^ "Photo Gallery: Sensational Find in a Bombed-Out Cellar". Der Spiegel. 11 August 2010.
  5. ^ Siegfried Gnichwitz, "Heinz Kiwitz: gekämpft · vertrieben · verschollen" Archived 20 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine (PDF) Stiftung Brennender Dornbusch. Folder from an exhibition in honor of the 100th anniversary of Kiwitz' birth. Liebfrauenkirche, Duisburg (7 November – 5 December 2010), p. 5. Retrieved 10 February 2012 (in German)
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