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The constitution of the Order was promulgated in March 1817, with amendments in August 1817. The order was divided into civil and military categories but these are now defunct. It is given to reward services towards Tuscan culture and civilisation and to the Grand Ducal House as a whole. [citation needed]
The Order is divided into three levels:
Knights Grand Cross, numbering thirty
Commander, numbering sixty
Knights, numbering one hundred and fifty
These numbers excluded Sovereigns, Heads of State, and Princes of the Grand Ducal House and other Royal Houses, Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church and Tuscan Metropolitan Archbishops. All had to be Catholics. The number of women members cannot exceed fifty, excluding Princesses of the Grand Ducal and other Royal Houses, wives of Heads of State and Dames of the Order of Saint Stephen.
It is permitted for non-nobles to be admitted into the Order of the level of Grand Cross in cases of exceptional merit.
Dames wear the same Cross as Knights but from a bow on the left breast. Dame Grand Crosses wear the Cross hanging from a Riband like the Knights but without the Star.
On 20 December 1866, Ferdinand IV and his children rejoined the imperial household, and the House of Tuscany ceased to exist as an already sovereign branch, being absorbed into the Austrian imperial branch; Ferdinand was allowed to retain his fons honorum vita natural durante, while his children became only imperial princes (Archdukes/Archiduchesses of Austria) and no longer princes/princesses of Tuscany. In 1870, Ferdinand IV renounced his remaining political rights to claim sovereignty over the Grand Duchy of Tuscany in favour of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria [2][3][4][5] and with him all political claims to Tuscany for all descendants of Leopoldo.[6]
In fact, after the death of Grand Duke Ferdinand IV in 1908, Emperor Franz Joseph I had forbidden the assumption of the titles of Grand Duke, Prince or Princess of Tuscany: none of Ferdinand IV's children born after 1866 called themselves Prince or Grand Duke of Tuscany, nor did they take possession of the extinct dynastic orders already conferred by the Grand Dukes of Tuscany.[7][8][9]
^Bernd Braun: Das Ende der Regionalmonarchien in Italien. Abdankungen im Zuge des Risorgimento. In: Susan Richter, Dirk Dirbach (Hrsg.): Thronverzicht. Die Abdankung in Monarchien vom Mittelalter bis in die Neuzeit. Böhlau Verlag, Köln, Weimar, Wien 2010, pagg. 251–266
^Benedikt, Heinrich, Kaiseradler über dem Apennin. Die Österreicher in Italien 1700 bis 1866. Vienna: Herold Verlag, 1964
^Karl Vocelka, Lynne Heller: Die private Welt der Habsburger: Leben und Alltag einer Familie, Styria, 1998, pag. 253, colonna I
^Das Haus Habsburg: Vorspann ; Register ; Quellen ; Das Haus Alt-Habsburg ; Das Haus Habsburg-Lothringen, Alois Jahn, Selbstverl, 2002, pag. 59, 65
^Annuario della Nobiltà Italiana, XXXII edizione, 2014, parte I
^Rivista Araldica, anno 1913, volume 11, pagina 381, Roma, Collegio Araldico: "Da informazione ufficiale assunta a Vienna togliamo quanto segue «A Sua Altezza I. R. il defunto Granduca Ferdinando IV di Toscana era stato permesso dall'Impero austro-ungarico e dagli Stati dell'Impero germanico, di conferire i tre Ordini toscani, inerenti alla Sovranità, che anche spodestato, rimase all'Augusto principe fino alla sua morte. Il titolo di Principe di Toscana fu solo autorizzato ai membri della famiglia granducale nati prima del 1866. Dopo la morte del Granduca (1908) tutti gli augusti figli del defunto dovettero solennemente rinunciare ad ogni qualsiasi diritto di cui personalmente ed eccezionalmente godeva il padre. Quindi il Gran Magistero dell'Ordine di S. Stefano per volontà di S. M. l'Imperatore e Re è terminato col defunto granduca, né più sarebbe accettato dagli augusti principi lorenesi"
^Annuario della Nobiltà Italiana, XXXIII edizione, 2021, parte I, Asburgo Lorena
Bibliography
Gregor Gatscher-Riedl, Mario Strigl, Die roten Ritter. Zwischen Medici, Habsburgern und Osmanen. Die Orden und Auszeichnungen des Großherzogtums Toskana. Vienna, Neue Welt Verlag, 2014. ISBN978-3-9503061-5-6.
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