Olaparib

Olaparib
Clinical data
Trade namesLynparza, others
Other namesAZD-2281, MK-7339, KU0059436
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa614060
License data
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration		By mouth
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
  • 4-[(3-[(4-cyclopropylcarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]carbonyl) -4-fluorophenyl]methyl(2H)phthalazin-1-one
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
PDB ligand
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.170.811 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC24H23FN4O3
Molar mass434.471 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • c4cccc2c4c(n[nH]c2=O)Cc(ccc1F)cc1C(=O)N3CCN(CC3)C(=O)C5CC5
  • InChI=1S/C24H23FN4O3/c25-20-8-5-15(14-21-17-3-1-2-4-18(17)22(30)27-26-21)13-19(20)24(32)29-11-9-28(10-12-29)23(31)16-6-7-16/h1-5,8,13,16H,6-7,9-12,14H2,(H,27,30) checkY
  • Key:FDLYAMZZIXQODN-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Olaparib, sold under the brand name Lynparza, is a medication for the maintenance treatment of BRCA-mutated advanced ovarian cancer in adults. It is a PARP inhibitor, inhibiting poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), an enzyme involved in DNA repair. It acts against cancers in people with hereditary BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, which include some ovarian, breast, and prostate cancers.[10]

In December 2014, olaparib was approved for use as a single agent by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in the European Union and by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States.[11][12][13][14]

Medical uses

Olaparib is indicated to treat breast cancer, ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, peritoneal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and prostate cancer.[8][12][15]

Side effects

Side effects include gastrointestinal effects such as nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite; fatigue; muscle and joint pain; and low blood counts such as anemia, with occasional leukemia.[7] Somnolence was sometimes seen in clinical trials which used doses higher than the approved schedule.[10]

Mechanism of action

Olaparib acts as an inhibitor of the enzyme poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), and is termed a PARP inhibitor. BRCA1/2 mutations may be genetically predisposed to development of some forms of cancer, and may be resistant to other forms of cancer treatment. However, these cancers sometimes have a unique vulnerability, as the cancer cells have increased reliance on PARP to repair their DNA and enable them to continue dividing. This means that drugs which selectively inhibit PARP may be of benefit if the cancers are susceptible to this treatment.[16][17]

History

Olaparib was developed and first dosed into patients by the UK-based biotechnology company, KuDOS Pharmaceuticals, that was founded by Stephen Jackson of Cambridge University, UK.[18][19][20][21] Since KuDOS was acquired by AstraZeneca in 2006, the drug has undergone clinical development by AstraZeneca and Merck & Co.[22]

In December 2014, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) approved olaparib as monotherapy.[7][14][13][11][12] The FDA approval is in germline BRCA mutated (gBRCAm) advanced ovarian cancer that has received three or more prior lines of chemotherapy.[7][23] The EMA public assessment report, which utilized the same phase II trial data, made reference to both "high grade serous ovarian cancers" and to the use of olaparib "not later than 8 weeks after a course of platinum-based medicines, when the tumour was diminishing in size or had completely disappeared".[11]

Olaparib in combination with temozolomide demonstrated substantial clinical activity in relapsed small cell lung cancer.[24]

The FDA approval was for germline BRCA mutated (gBRCAm) advanced ovarian cancer that has received three or more prior lines of chemotherapy.[7] In January 2018, olaparib became the first PARP inhibitor to be approved by the FDA for gBRCAm metastatic breast cancer.

In breast cancer, olaparib is approved for gBRCAm HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer patients who have previously been treated with chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant or metastatic setting. If patients have hormone receptor positive cancer, they should have received endocrine therapy where appropriate.[8] This approval was based on the OlympiAD randomised phase III trial, which showed a progression-free survival benefit for patients treated with olaparib compared to conventional chemotherapy.[25][26]

In August 2017, olaparib tablets were approved in the United States for the maintenance treatment of adults with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer, who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy.[27][28] The formulation was changed from capsules to tablets and the capsules were phased out in the United States.[27] The capsules and tablets are not interchangeable.[27]

The approval in the maintenance setting was based on two randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trials in patients with recurrent ovarian cancers who were in response to platinum-based therapy.[27] SOLO-2 (NCT01874353) randomized 295 patients with recurrent germline BRCA-mutated ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer (2:1) to receive olaparib tablets 300 mg orally twice daily or placebo.[27] SOLO-2 demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS) in patients randomized to olaparib compared with those who received placebo, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.30 (95% CI: 0.22, 0.41; p<0.0001).[27] Study 19 (NCT00753545) randomized 265 patients regardless of BRCA status (1:1) to receive olaparib capsules 400 mg orally twice daily or placebo.[27] Study 19 demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in investigator-assessed PFS in patients treated with olaparib vs. placebo with a HR of 0.35.[27]

In January 2018, olaparib was approved in the United States for the treatment of patients with certain types of breast cancer that have spread (metastasized) and whose tumors have a specific inherited (germline) genetic mutation, making it the first drug in its class (PARP inhibitor) approved to treat breast cancer, and it is the first time any drug has been approved to treat certain patients with metastatic breast cancer who have a “BRCA” gene mutation.[29] Patients are selected for treatment with Lynparza based on an FDA-approved genetic test, called the BRACAnalysis CDx.[29]

In December 2018, olaparib was approved in the United States for the maintenance treatment of adults with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline or somatic BRCA-mutated (gBRCAm or sBRCAm) advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer who are in complete or partial response to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy.[30] Adults with gBRCAm advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer should be selected for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic.[30] Approval was based on SOLO-1 (NCT01844986), a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center trial that compared the efficacy of olaparib with placebo in patients with BRCA-mutated (BRCAm) advanced ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer following first-line platinum-based chemotherapy.[30] Patients were randomized (2:1) to receive olaparib tablets 300 mg orally twice daily (n=260) or placebo (n=131).[30]

In December 2019, olaparib was approved for the maintenance treatment of adults with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline BRCA-mutated (gBRCAm) metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, as detected by an FDA-approved test, whose disease has not progressed on at least 16 weeks of a first-line platinum-based chemotherapy regimen.[31] The FDA also approved the BRACAnalysis CDx test (Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Inc.) as a companion diagnostic for the selection of patients with pancreatic cancer for treatment with olaparib based upon the identification of deleterious or suspected deleterious germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes.[31] Efficacy was investigated in POLO (NCT02184195), a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center trial that randomized (3:2) 154 patients with gBRCAm metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma to olaparib 300 mg orally twice daily or placebo until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.[31]

In March 2022, olaparib was approved for the adjuvant treatment of adults with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline BRCA-mutated (gBRCAm) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative high-risk early breast cancer who have been treated with neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy.[15]

In April 2023, the National Health Service (NHS) in Wales and England will administer Olaparib to cancer patients as part of its targeted therapy. This drug is developed to target specific malignancies connected to defective breast cancer (BRCA) gene variants. Through this move, 800 people—300 women with early breast cancer and 500 men with advanced prostate cancer will receive this drug for free. Andrew Tutt, a breast oncology professor at King's College London and Institute of Cancer Research said that this treatment increases patients’ chances of surviving breast cancer. It can also extend a person’s life in cases of prostate cancer. Tutt added that these were previously unattainable. [32]

References

  1. ^ https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/auspar/auspar-olaparib-1 [bare URL]
  2. ^ "Prescription medicines: registration of new chemical entities in Australia, 2016". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 21 June 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  3. ^ "Product monograph brand safety updates". Health Canada. February 2024. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
  4. ^ "Health Canada New Drug Authorizations: 2016 Highlights". Health Canada. 14 March 2017. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
  5. ^ "Lynparza 50 mg hard capsules - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 7 October 2019. Archived from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  6. ^ "Lynparza 100mg Film-Coated Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 7 October 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  7. ^ a b c d e "Lynparza- olaparib capsule". DailyMed. 27 September 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  8. ^ a b c "Lynparza- olaparib tablet, film coated". DailyMed. 1 June 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  9. ^ "Lynparza EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 9 January 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  10. ^ a b Fong PC, Boss DS, Yap TA, Tutt A, Wu P, Mergui-Roelvink M, et al. (July 2009). "Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in tumors from BRCA mutation carriers". The New England Journal of Medicine. 361 (2): 123–134. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0900212. PMID 19553641.
  11. ^ a b c "Lynparza (olaparib): An overview of Lynparza and why it is authorised in the EU" (PDF). European Medicines Agency (EMA). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  12. ^ a b c "Lynparza EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 17 September 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  13. ^ a b "Drug Approval Package: Lynparza (olaparib) Capsules NDA #206162". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 22 January 2015. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  14. ^ a b "FDA approves Lynparza to treat advanced ovarian cancer". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Press release). 19 December 2014. Archived from the original on 19 December 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2019. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  15. ^ a b "FDA approves olaparib for adjuvant treatment of high-risk early breast". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 11 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  16. ^ "Olaparib for the treatment of ovarian cancer" (PDF). europa.eu.
  17. ^ Menear KA, Adcock C, Boulter R, Cockcroft XL, Copsey L, Cranston A, et al. (October 2008). "4-[3-(4-cyclopropanecarbonylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-4-fluorobenzyl]-2H-phthalazin-1-one: a novel bioavailable inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 51 (20): 6581–6591. doi:10.1021/jm8001263. PMID 18800822.
  18. ^ Arney K (24 October 2014). "Coming ever closer – first PARP inhibitor licensed in Europe" (science blog). Cancer Research UK. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 11 June 2019.
  19. ^ "KuDOS Pharmaceuticals: First Patient Treated with New Anti-cancer Agent" (press release). Institute of Cancer Research. 25 July 2005.
  20. ^ "Olaparib: realising the promise of synthetic lethality". Cancer Research UK. 16 July 2015.
  21. ^ "PARP inhibitors: Halting cancer by halting DNA repair". Cancer Research UK. 24 September 2020.
  22. ^ "Olaparib after Initial Treatment Delays Ovarian Cancer Progression". National Cancer Institute. 20 November 2018.
  23. ^ Tattersall A, Ryan N, Wiggans AJ, Rogozińska E, Morrison J (February 2022). "Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2022 (2): CD007929. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007929.pub4. PMC 8848772. PMID 35170751.
  24. ^ Farago AF, Yeap BY, Stanzione M, Hung YP, Heist RS, Marcoux JP, et al. (October 2019). "Combination Olaparib and Temozolomide in Relapsed Small-Cell Lung Cancer". Cancer Discovery. 9 (10): 1372–1387. doi:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-19-0582. PMC 7319046. PMID 31416802.
  25. ^ Robson M, Im SA, Senkus E, Xu B, Domchek SM, Masuda N, et al. (August 2017). "Olaparib for Metastatic Breast Cancer in Patients with a Germline BRCA Mutation". The New England Journal of Medicine. 377 (6): 523–533. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1706450. hdl:11577/3243125. PMID 28578601.
  26. ^ "FDA approves olaparib for germline BRCA-mutated metastatic breast cancer". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 12 January 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  27. ^ a b c d e f g h "FDA approves olaparib tablets for maintenance treatment in ovarian cancer". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 17 August 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2020. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  28. ^ "Drug Approval Package: Lynparza tablets (olaparib)". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 17 August 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  29. ^ a b "FDA approves first treatment for breast cancer with a certain inherited genetic mutation". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Press release). 12 January 2018. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2019. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  30. ^ a b c d "FDA approved olaparib (LYNPARZA, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP) for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline or somatic BRCA-mutated (gBRCAm or sBRCAm) advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer who are in complete or partial response to first-line platinum-based". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 26 December 2018. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2019. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  31. ^ a b c "FDA approves olaparib for gBRCAm metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 27 December 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2019. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  32. ^ "Olaparib: Drug to treat inherited cancers offered on NHS in England and Wales". BBC.

Read other articles:

BMD-3

BMD-3 (Boyevaya Mashina Desanta, Rusia Боевая Машина Десанта, harfiah Kendaraan Tempur dari Airborne) adalah kendaraan tempur infanteri (IFV) yang berasal dari bekas Uni Soviet. Kendaraan tempur lapis baja ini adalah salah satu teringan di kelasnya dan dimaksudkan untuk menjadi platform dukungan tembakan untuk digunakan oleh unit serangan udara dan udara. Persenjataan utama adalah meriam 30 mm 2A42 mampu menembak berbagai jenis amunisi yang meliputi ledakan tinggi dan...

 

 

Eddy Silitonga

Ini adalah nama Batak Toba, marganya adalah Silitonga. Eddy SilitongaLahirCharles Edison Silitonga(1949-01-17)17 Januari 1949Pematang Siantar, Sumatera Utara, IndonesiaMeninggal25 Agustus 2016(2016-08-25) (umur 67)Jakarta, IndonesiaPekerjaanPenyanyi, aktorAnakMarco SilitongaMario SilitongaNadra SilitongaNafra SilitongaKarier musikGenrepopTahun aktif1962–2016 Charles Edison Silitonga (17 Januari 1949 – 25 Agustus 2016), yang lebih dikenal dengan nama Eddy Silitonga, adal...

 

 

First Nations

Artikel atau sebagian dari artikel ini mungkin diterjemahkan dari First Nations di en.wikipedia.org. Isinya masih belum akurat, karena bagian yang diterjemahkan masih perlu diperhalus dan disempurnakan. Jika Anda menguasai bahasa aslinya, harap pertimbangkan untuk menelusuri referensinya dan menyempurnakan terjemahan ini. Anda juga dapat ikut bergotong royong pada ProyekWiki Perbaikan Terjemahan. (Pesan ini dapat dihapus jika terjemahan dirasa sudah cukup tepat. Lihat pula: panduan penerjemah...

العلاقات البحرينية الإريترية

العلاقات البحرينية الإريترية البحرين إريتريا   البحرين   إريتريا تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات البحرينية الإريترية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين البحرين وإريتريا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه ال...

 

 

Satellite de télécommunications

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Satellite. Satellite de télécommunications militaire AEHF, série déployée au cours de la décennie 2010 (vue d'artiste). Un satellite de télécommunications est un satellite artificiel placé dans l'espace pour des besoins de télécommunications. Selon le besoin, il circule sur une orbite géostationnaire, une orbite terrestre basse ou une orbite de Molnia d’où il relaie le signal émis par des stations émettrices vers des stations réceptrices. L...

 

 

Nabi-nabi besar

Bagian dari Alkitab KristenPerjanjian LamaYosua 1:1 pada Kodeks Aleppo Taurat Kejadian Keluaran Imamat Bilangan Ulangan Sejarah Yosua Hakim-hakim Rut 1 Samuel 2 Samuel 1 Raja-raja 2 Raja-raja 1 Tawarikh 2 Tawarikh Ezra Nehemia Ester Puisi Ayub Mazmur Amsal Pengkhotbah Kidung Agung Kenabian Besar Yesaya Yeremia Ratapan Yehezkiel Daniel Kecil Hosea Yoël Amos Obaja Yunus Mikha Nahum Habakuk Zefanya Hagai Zakharia Maleakhi Deuterokanonika Tobit Yudit Tambahan Ester 1 Makabe 2 Makabe Kebijaksanaa...

List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1854

Part of a series onBritish law Acts of Parliament of the United Kingdom Year      1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 ...

 

 

Marco Torsiglieri

Marco Torsiglieri Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Marco Natanel TorsiglieriTanggal lahir 12 Januari 1988 (umur 36)Tempat lahir Castelar, ArgentinaTinggi 1,90 m (6 ft 3 in)Posisi bermain BekInformasi klubKlub saat ini Boca JuniorsNomor 6Karier junior2003–2006 Vélez SársfieldKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2006–2010 Vélez Sársfield 32 (1)2007–2008 → Talleres Córdoba (pinjaman) 31 (0)2010–2011 Sporting CP 16 (0)2011 → Metalist Kharkiv (pinjaman) 16 (1)2011...

 

 

Prosvita

Ukrainian cultural and educational organization Emblem of Prosvita Early publication cover Prosvita (Ukrainian: просвіта, 'enlightenment') is an enlightenment society aimed to preserve and develop Ukrainian culture, education and science, that was created in the nineteenth century in Austria-Hungary's Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. According to the declaration of its founders, the movement was created as a counterbalance to anti-Ukrainian colonial and Russophile trends in the Ukrai...

List of video telecommunication services and product brands

A typical low-cost webcam (a Microsoft LifeCam VX-3000) for use with many popular video-telecommunication programs (2009) This list of video telecommunication services and product brands is for groupings of notable video telecommunication services, brands of videophones, webcams and video conferencing hardware and systems, all related to videotelephony for two-way communications with live video and audio. The first section includes video telecommunication devices such as videophones, videoco...

 

 

Новотитаровское сельское поселение

Сельское поселение России (МО 2-го уровня)Новотитаровское сельское поселение Флаг[d] Герб 45°14′09″ с. ш. 38°58′16″ в. д.HGЯO Страна  Россия Субъект РФ Краснодарский край Район Динской Включает 4 населённых пункта Адм. центр Новотитаровская Глава сельского пос�...

 

 

替代阵线

替代阵线Alternative Front Barisan Alternatifமாற்று முன்னணி简称BA、替阵成立1998年9月20日 (1998-09-20)设立（未正式注册）解散2008年3月31日 (2008-03-31)前身 穆斯林团结阵线（APU） 人民阵线（GR）继承者人民联盟（PR）总部八打灵再也（人民公正党） 黑风洞镇(马来西亚人民党) 吉隆坡（民主行动党和伊斯兰党）党报《公正之声（馬來語：Suara Keadilan）》《火箭报（馬...

Kieran Suckling

American conservationist (born 1964) Kieran SucklingBorn1964 (age 59–60)NationalityAmericanAlma materCollege of the Holy Cross (BA)State University of New York, Stony Brook (PhD)OccupationEnvironmental activistKnown forCenter for Biological Diversity Kierán Suckling (born 1964) is one of the founders and the executive director of the Center for Biological Diversity, a nonprofit conservation group known for its innovative approaches to the protection of endangered species...

 

 

Військово-музичне управління Збройних сил України

Військово-музичне управління Збройних сил України Тип військове формуванняЗасновано 1992Країна  Україна Емблема управління Військово-музичне управління Збройних сил України — структурний підрозділ Генерального штабу Збройних сил України призначений для планува...

 

 

St. Anton im Montafon

St. Anton im Montafon Localidad Escudo St. Anton im MontafonLocalización de St. Anton im Montafon en Vorarlberg Coordenadas 47°07′00″N 9°52′00″E / 47.116666666667, 9.8666666666667Entidad Localidad • País  Austria • Estado Vorarlberg • Distrito BludenzSuperficie   • Total 3,42 km² Altitud   • Media 651 m s. n. m.Población (2018)   • Total 715 hab. • Densidad 209,06 hab./km²Huso ho...

2015 West African offensive

Coalition offensive against Boko Haram 2015 West African offensivePart of the Boko Haram insurgencyBoko Haram's territorial control prior to the offensive.Date23 January – 24 December 2015(11 months and 1 day)LocationNortheast Nigeria, Northern Cameroon, Southeast Niger, Western Chad[8]Result Multinational Joint Task Force victory Boko Haram militants retreat to the Sambisa ForestBelligerents Multinational Joint Task Force  Nigeria  Cameroon[1]  Chad...

 

 

Walt Whitman

American poet, essayist and journalist (1819–1892) For other uses, see Walt Whitman (disambiguation). Walt WhitmanWhitman in 1887BornWalter Whitman Jr.(1819-05-31)May 31, 1819Huntington, New York, U.S.DiedMarch 26, 1892(1892-03-26) (aged 72)Camden, New Jersey, U.S.Resting placeHarleigh Cemetery Camden, New Jersey, U.S.OccupationPoetessayistjournalistSignature Walter Whitman Jr. (/ˈhwɪtmən/; May 31, 1819 – March 26, 1892) was an American poet, essayist, and journalist. He is c...

 

 

Orlando Patterson

Jamaican-American historian and sociologist (born 1940) The HonourableOrlando PattersonOMPatterson at the University of California, BerkeleyBornHorace Orlando Patterson (1940-06-05) 5 June 1940 (age 84)Westmoreland Parish, JamaicaTitleJohn Cowles Chair in Sociology at Harvard UniversityAwardsNational Book AwardMusgrave MedalAnisfield-Wolf Book AwardAcademic backgroundEducationUniversity of the West IndiesLondon School of EconomicsDoctoral advisorDavid GlassAcademic workDisciplineSociolog...

Bioclipse

BioclipseDeveloper(s)The Bioclipse ProjectInitial release17 November 2005; 18 years ago (2005-11-17)[1]Stable release2.6.2 (November 4, 2016; 7 years ago (2016-11-04)) [±]Preview release2.6.2 RC (April 15, 2016 (2016-April-15)) [±] TypeCheminformatics, bioinformaticsLicenseEclipse Public LicenseWebsitewww.bioclipse.net  The Bioclipse project is a Java-based, open-source, visual platform for chemo- and bi...

 

 

Jeet kune do

Jeet Kune Do Jeet kune doEmblema do Jeet Kune Do. Os caracteres chineses ao redor do símbolo Taijitu indicam: Usar nenhum meio como meio & Tendo nenhuma limitação como limitação As flechas representam o movimento interminável e mudança do universo. Informação geral Prática Arte marcial Foco Híbrido Dureza Contato pleno Criador(es) Bruce Lee Outras informações Esporte olímpico Não Cronologia das artes marciais  · Lista de artes marciais  · Proj...