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Water Services Regulation Authority
*Awdurdod Rheoleiddio Gwasanaethau Dŵr*
Agency overview
Formed	1 April 1989
Preceding agency	Office of Water Services;
Type	Non-ministerial government department
Jurisdiction	England and Wales
Headquarters	Centre City Tower, 7 Hill Street, Birmingham, B5 4UA
Employees	226
Annual budget	£19.1 million (2011-2012)
Agency executive	David Black, Chief Executive;
Parent department	Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
Website	ofwat.gov.uk

The Water Services Regulation Authority, or Ofwat, is the body responsible for economic regulation of the privatised water and sewerage industry in England and Wales. Ofwat's main statutory duties include protecting the interests of consumers, securing the long-term resilience of water supply and wastewater systems, and ensuring that companies carry out their functions and are able to finance them.^[2]

Ofwat primarily sets limits on the prices charged for water and sewerage services, taking into account proposed capital investment schemes (such as building new wastewater treatment works) and expected operational efficiency gains. The most recent review was carried out in 2019; reviews are carried out every five years, with the next due to take place in December 2024.^[3]

The Water Act 2014 extended retail competition to all non-household customers of English water companies from April 2017 and provided for possible future competition in wholesale markets.^[2] Ofwat's role includes regulating such water and wastewater markets and promoting effective competition wherever appropriate.^[4]

Ofwat consists of a board, plus an office of staff which carries out work delegated to them by the board.

The Environment Agency is responsible for environmental regulation, and the Drinking Water Inspectorate for regulating drinking water quality. Water in Northern Ireland is regulated by the Northern Ireland Authority for Utility Regulation, and the supply and treatment is carried out by the government-owned Northern Ireland Water. There is no separate charge for water for residents or companies in Northern Ireland. Instead, water is paid for by the rates system. The water industry regulator in Scotland is the Water Industry Commission for Scotland.

History

Ofwat was set up in 1988, at the same time as 10 water authorities in England and Wales were privatised by flotation on the stock market. Its duties and powers are defined by the Water Industry Act 1991. The resulting companies are known as "water and sewerage companies"; this distinguishes them from around a dozen smaller companies which only provide water services, which were already in private hands in 1989 (having remained in private ownership since their creation in the 19th century). The water-only companies provide water to around 25% of the population in England and Wales.

Before 1 April 2006, all regulatory powers rested with the Director General of Water Services. The staff who supported the role of the Director General were collectively known as the "Office of Water Services", which was abbreviated to "Ofwat". Ian Byatt was the Director General between 1989 and 2000; Philip Fletcher was Director General until 2006 and chairman until 2012. On 1 April 2006, the Director General was replaced by the Water Services Regulation Authority.^[5] The name "Office of Water Services" is no longer used, as it had no legal basis.

Key people

The current chairman is Iain Coucher, who took up his position in July 2022,^[6] replacing Johnson Cox who had held the position since November 2012.^[7] Initially taking over from Rachel Fletcher as interim chief executive in April 2021, the current chief executive is David Black who was fully appointed to the role in April 2022.^[8]^[9]

Price reviews

Every five years, Ofwat set limits on the prices which water companies in England and Wales can charge to their customers; this process is known as a price review or periodic review.^[2] Ofwat has carried out six price reviews so far – in 1994 (PR94), 1999 (PR99), 2004 (PR04), 2009 (PR09), 2014 (PR14) and 2019 (PR19). The most recent, PR19, set price limits for 2020–2025. Ofwat sets a so-called "K factor" in companies' licences which determine the average value of price rises above the rate of inflation (RPI) for the next five year asset management plan period.^[10]

References

^ Ofwat Annual Report and Accounts 2011-2012 (PDF), Water Services Regulation Authority, 19 July 2012, retrieved 9 July 2013
^ ^a ^b ^c The economic regulation of the water sector (PDF) (Report). London: National Audit Office (UK). 8 October 2015. HC487.
^ "Price reviews". London: Ofwat. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
^ "Our duties". London: Ofwat (Water Services Regulation Authority). Retrieved 23 August 2021.
^ s36 Water Act 2003 coming into force 01/04/06. (s36(1)-(2) in force at 1.4.2006 by S.I. 2005/2714, art. 4(c); s36(3)-(6) in force at 1.4.2005 by S.I. 2005/968, art. 2(e))
^ "Iain Coucher Chair". Ofwat. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
^ "New Chairman of the Water Services Regulation Authority (Ofwat) announced". GOV.UK. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
^ "David Black, Chief Executive". Ofwat. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
^ "PN 03/21: Ofwat announces new interim Chief Executive". Ofwat. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
^ Hassan, John (1998). A History of Water in modern England and Wales (Report). Manchester University Press. p. 176.