Odo or Eudes of Châteauroux (c. 1190 –25 January 1273), also known as Odo of Tusculum and by many other names,[n 1] was a French theologian and scholastic philosopher, papal legate and cardinal. He was “an experienced preacher and promoter of crusades”.[1] Over 1000 of his sermons survive.[2]
He preached murderous crusade in 1226.[3] He was chancellor of the University of Paris 1238-1244,[4] and perhaps also Cistercian abbot of Ourscamp, and then abbot of Grandselve.[5]Odo of Ourscamp is a different figure, of the twelfth century. However, several sources deny, doubt or ignore that he was a monk.[6]
He was involved in the aftermath of the Paris disputation of 1240, and subsequent condemnation of the Talmud. After the disputation a tribunal was appointed to pass judgment upon the Talmud, among its members being Eudes de Chateauroux, Chancellor of the University of Paris; Guillaume d'Auvergne, Bishop of Paris; and the Inquisitor Henri de Cologne. After the same rabbis had been heard a second time, the Talmud was condemned to be burned. Two years after (in the middle of 1242) twenty-four cartloads of Hebrew books were burned at Paris. In 1244/1245, Odo commissioned the Extractiones de Talmud, a translation of almost two thousand excerpts from the Talmud into Latin.
In 1247 the pope asked Odo to examine the Talmud from the Jewish standpoint, and to ascertain whether it might not be tolerated as harmless to the Christian faith, and whether the copies which had been confiscated might not be returned to their owners. The rabbis had represented to him that without the aid of the Talmud they could not understand the Bible or the rest of their statutes. Eudes informed the pope that the change of attitude involved in such a decision would be wrongly interpreted, and on 15 May 1248 the Talmud was condemned for the second time.[7] A long list of supposed "errors and blasphemies" contained the Talmud was compiled by Eudes de Chateauroux.[8] He was made cardinal-bishop of Frascati (1244).[9] He is given also as bishop of Toulouse[10] and bishop of Maguelonne and legate, and was sent to preach crusade in France by Pope Innocent IV.[11] He accompanied Louis IX of France on the Seventh Crusade, and is mentioned by Joinville, returning in 1254, via Cyprus.[12]Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals from December 1254 and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church in 1270.[9]
MLXXVII Sermones de tempore et de sanctis et de diversis casibus[20]
Notes
^Including Odon de Tusculum, Otho of Tusculum, Otho de Tusculum, Odon de Châteauroux, Eudes de Châteauroux, Odo de Castroradulpho, Odo de Castro Radulphi, Odo Gallus, Ottone de Castro Rodolfi, Oddone di Castro Radulfi, Ottone de Castel Ridolfi, and Ottone di Tuscolo.[citation needed]
^Nicole Bériou, La prédication de croisade de Philippe le Chancelier et d'Eudes de Châteauroux en 1226, in La prédication en pays d'Oc (XIIe-début XVe siècle), Toulouse, Privat, 1997, p. 85-109.
^Charles H. Haskins, The University of Paris in the Sermons of the Thirteenth Century, The American Historical Review, Vol. 10, No. 1 (Oct., 1904), pp. 1-27.
For a list of manuscripts containing Super Psalterium see « Eudes de Châteauroux » in Viller, Marcel. Dictionnaire de spiritualité. Paris : G. Beauchesnes et ses fils, 1937-1995. 4, 2 (1961) : 1675-8.
Callebant, A. (1936). "Le sermon historique d'Eudes de Châteauroux à Paris, le 18 mars 1229. Autour de l'origine du grève universitaire et de l'enseignement des mendiants". Archivum Franciscanum Historicum. 28: 81–114.
Iozzelli, F. (1989). "Il cardinal Odo da Chateauroux e Carlo d' Angio," Celestino V e i suoi tempi: realta spirituale e realta politica. Atti del 4° Convegno storico internazionale L'Aquila, 26-27 agosto 1989 (ed. W. Capezzali) (L'Aquila 1990). pp. 35–53.
Iozzelli, Fortunato (1994). Odo da Châteauroux: politica e religione nei sermoni inediti. Padova: Aldo Ausilio.
Maier, C. T. (1995). "Crusade and rhetoric against the Muslim colony of Lucera: Eudes of Chateauroux's Sermones de Rebellione Sarracenorum Lucherie in Apulia". Journal of Medieval History. 21 (4): 343–385. doi:10.1016/0304-4181(95)00769-5.
