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The Department Against Misappropriation of Socialist Property (abbreviation: OBKhSS, Russian: Отдел по борьбе с хищениями социалистической собственности, ОБХСС) was the Soviet financial police. It was responsible for the regulation of economic laws combating theft of property in the organizations and institutions of state commerce, consumer, industrial and individual co-operatives, savings-banks and procurement agencies; it also acted against bribery and speculation.

The People's Commissar for Internal Affairs, Nikolai Yezhov, established the OBKhSS as a department of the Main Police Department of the NKVD of the USSR on March 16, 1937 in Order of the People's Commissar No. 0018. From 1946 to 1991 the organisation operated under the authority of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) of the USSR.

As of 2023^[update] successor-organisations of the OBKhSS - with similar functions in the Russian Federation - are the Main Administration of Economic Security and Opposition to Corruption [ru] of the MVD, OBEP - the Department for Combating Economic Crimes of the MVD^[1] and the DEB - Department for Economic Security (Russian: Департамент экономической безопасности (ДЭБ) of the MVD.

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  Medal marking 50 years of the OBKhSS of the MVD in the USSR - 1987

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