Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 710, a Lockheed L-188 Electra, disintegrated in-flight and crashed near Cannelton, Indiana (10 miles east of Tell City, Indiana) on March 17, 1960. The flight carried 57 passengers and six crew members. There were no survivors.
Crash and causes
A Northwest Orient Lockheed L-188 Electra, similar to the one involved
The seven-month-old Lockheed L-188C Electra operating as Northwest Orient Flight 710 (the airline's first Electra) was a regularly scheduled flight departing Minneapolis-St. Paul to Miami with a stop at Chicago Midway Airport. Radio contact with the Indianapolis Control Center was made at approximately 3:00 p.m. local time. About 15 minutes later, witnesses reported seeing the airplane break into two pieces, with the right wing falling as one piece and the remainder of the craft plunging to earth near Cannelton in southern Indiana.[1]
The crash was the third disaster involving an Electra aircraft in a little more than a year and the tenth major aircraft disaster of 1960, with nearly 400 people killed in less than three months.[citation needed] It came within days of the Washington, D.C. hearings on the death of 34 people in a National Airlines plane crash near Bolivia, North Carolina (later discovered to have been the result of a bomb).[2]
Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) investigators focused on three possible causes: a bomb, air turbulence and metal fatigue. Violent air turbulence had been reported over southern Indiana at about the time of the crash, and metal fatigue had recently caused other crashes.[2]
"Obviously, this plane broke up in the air," CAB spokesman Edward Slattery said, "It is too early to tell the cause of the tragedy, but we will investigate all possibilities, including a bomb."[2]
The Associated Press reported that at 5:44 p.m., 90 minutes after news of the crash, an anonymous caller had informed Chicago police that a bomb had been placed on board a plane at Midway Airport. The police investigated but found nothing and concluded that the call was a prank.[3]
The plane plunged from a height of 18,000 feet[2] into an Ohio River country farm at a speed of more than 600 miles per hour and disintegrated. FBI agents were dispatched to the scene to determine whether any violation of federal law had occurred, such as sabotage, and to assist with fingerprint identification of victims. The plane's last radio transmission occurred when it was over Scotland, Indiana, about 70 miles (110 km) from the crash site, but the pilot reported no trouble and the skies were clear.[3]
Because a great deal of wreckage had fallen over a wide area as the aircraft plunged, investigators first suspected that two planes had collided. One of the Electra's wings and its two engines were found about five miles (8.0 km) from the fuselage impact. State police faced great difficulty reaching the main crash site because of the area's thickly wooded, steep hills and a scarcity of roads in the vicinity. Rescuers discovered a scene of devastation with no survivors. A policeman at the scene remarked: "We haven't really found anything that you could count a body."[3] Some victims were identified by dental records, but most were never positively identified.[4] Hours after the crash, smoke still rose from the crater caused by the impact, which was about 25 ft (7.6 m) deep and 40 ft (12 m) wide.[3]
NASA, Boeing and Lockheed engineers determined that the probable cause was the structural failure and in-flight separation of the right wing while cruising at 18,000 ft (5,500 m) resulting from flutter caused by unexplained reduced stiffness of the engine mounts. This was subsequently defined as "whirl mode," a design weakness that Lockheed engineers termed a "freak vibration phenomenon."[4][5][6] Six months earlier, a Braniff International Airways L-188 Electra, Flight 542, disintegrated over Buffalo, Texas at 15,000 ft (4,600 m), killing all on board.[5] This second similar crash moved the Federal Aviation Administration to immediately issue a reduced cruise-speed directive while investigators tried to determine the cause of the fatal crashes.
The CAB's final report was issued more than a year after the disaster and concurred with the conclusions reached by Lockheed in its investigation.[4]
The citizens of Perry County and the Cannelton Kiwanis Club raised funds for a memorial at the site of the 1960 crash. Dedicated in 1961, the Kiwanis Electra Memorial stands on Millstone Road in Tobin Township.
Cannelton newspaper editor and civic booster Bob Cummings wrote the words that are inscribed on the memorial along with the names of those who died. The inscription reads: "This memorial, dedicated to the memory of 63 persons who died in an airplane crash at this location, March 17, 1960, was erected by public subscription in the hope that such tragedies will be eliminated."
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