Noisy data

Noisy data are data that is corrupted, distorted, or has a low signal-to-noise ratio. Improper procedures (or improperly-documented procedures) to subtract out the noise in data can lead to a false sense of accuracy or false conclusions.

Noisy data are data with a large amount of additional meaningless information in it called noise.[1] This includes data corruption and the term is often used as a synonym for corrupt data.[1] It also includes any data that a user system cannot understand and interpret correctly. Many systems, for example, cannot use unstructured text. Noisy data can adversely affect the results of any data analysis and skew conclusions if not handled properly. Statistical analysis is sometimes used to weed the noise out of noisy data.[1]

Sources of noise

In this example of an outlier and filtering, point t2 is an outlier. The smooth transition to and from the outlier is from filtering, and is also not valid data, but more noise. Presenting filtered results (the smoothed transitions) as actual measurements can lead to false conclusions.
This type of filter (a moving average) shifts the data to the right. The moving average price at a given time is usually much different than the actual price at that time.

Differences in real-world measured data from the true values come about from by multiple factors affecting the measurement.[2]

Random noise is often a large component of the noise in data.[3] Random noise in a signal is measured as the signal-to-noise ratio. Random noise contains almost equal amounts of a wide range of frequencies, and is also called white noise (as colors of light combine to make white). Random noise is an unavoidable problem. It affects the data collection and data preparation processes, where errors commonly occur. Noise has two main sources: errors introduced by measurement tools and random errors introduced by processing or by experts when the data is gathered.[4]

Improper filtering can add noise if the filtered signal is treated as if it were a directly measured signal. As an example, Convolution-type digital filters such a moving average can have side effects such as lags or truncation of peaks. Differentiating digital filters amplifies random noise in the original data.

Outlier data are data that appear to not belong in the data set. It can be caused by human error such as transposing numerals, mislabeling, programming bugs, etc. If actual outliers are not removed from the data set, they corrupt the results to a small or large degree depending on circumstances. If valid data is identified as an outlier and is mistakenly removed, that also corrupts results.

Fraud: Individuals may deliberately skew data to influence the results toward a desired conclusion. Data that looks good with few outliers reflects well on the individual collecting it, and so there may be incentive to remove more data as outliers or make the data look smoother than it is.

References

  1. ^ a b c "What is noisy data? - Definition from WhatIs.com".
  2. ^ "Noisy Data in Data Mining - Soft Computing and Intelligent Information Systems". sci2s.ugr.es.
  3. ^ R.Y. Wang, V.C. Storey, C.P. Firth, A Framework for Analysis of Data Quality Research, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 7 (1995) 623-640 doi: 10.1109/69.404034)
  4. ^ X. Zhu, X. Wu, Class Noise vs. Attribute Noise: A Quantitative Study, Artificial Intelligence Review 22 (2004) 177-210 doi: 10.1007/s10462-004-0751-8

Read other articles:

Oakes Fegley

Oakes FegleyFegley (kiri) tahun 2019LahirOakes Tonne Fegley11 November 2004 (umur 19)Allentown, Pennsylvania, Amerika SerikatPekerjaanAktorTahun aktif2011–sekarang Oakes Tonne Fegley (/ˌoʊˈks ˈfɛˌɡliː/;[1][2] lahir 11 November 2004)[3] adalah aktor asal Amerika Serikat. Dia telah membintangi beberapa film termasuk, Pete's Dragon (2016), Wonderstruck (2017), The Goldfinch (2019), The War with Grandpa (2020) dan The Fabelmans (2022). Awal kehidupan F...

 

Mati listrik Brasil dan Paraguay 2009

Bendungan Itaipu, pembangkit hidroelektrik terbesar kedua di dunia Mati listrik Brasil dan Paraguay 2009 adalah mati listrik yang terjadi di sebagian Brasil dan Paraguay,[1] pada hari Selasa, 10 November 2009, pada pukul 22:15 BST. Mati listrik ini adalah mati lampu terbesar ketiga di dunia.[2] Mati listrik ini memengaruhi sekitar 80 juta penduduk di Brasil.[3] Presiden Brasil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva menyusun komisi darurat untuk mencari akibat dari mati listrik ini...

 

Keuskupan Butare

Katedral Butare Keuskupan Butare adalah sebuah wilayah gerejawi atau keuskupan dari Gereja Katolik Roma di Rwanda. Keuskupan tersebut didirikan pada 11 September 1961 sebagai Keuskupan Astrida oleh Paus Yohanes XXIII, dan kemudian berganti nama menjadi Keuskupan Butare pada 12 November 1963 oleh Paus Paulus VI. Keuskupan tersebut adalah sebuah suffragan dari Keuskupan Agung Kigali. Philippe Rukamba diangkat menjadi Uskup Butare oleh Paus Yohanes Paulus II pada 2 Januari 1997. Daftar uskup But...

DPT vaccine

Combination vaccine For other uses, see DPT (disambiguation). TDAP redirects here. For other uses, see TDAP (disambiguation). DPT vaccineGlobal vaccination coverage- diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP3) immunization[1]Combination ofDiphtheria vaccineVaccinePertussis vaccineVaccineTetanus vaccineVaccineClinical dataTrade namesAdacel, Boostrix, Revaxis, othersAHFS/Drugs.comUK Drug InformationRoutes ofadministrationIntramuscular injectionATC codeNoneLegal statusLegal status AU: S4 (P...

 

Stasiun Bråstad

BråstadStasiun Bråstad (2011)LokasiBråstad, ArendalNorwegiaKoordinat58°27′46″N 8°41′23″E / 58.46278°N 8.68981°E / 58.46278; 8.68981Koordinat: 58°27′46″N 8°41′23″E / 58.46278°N 8.68981°E / 58.46278; 8.68981Ketinggian389 m (1.276 ft)PemilikJernbaneverketOperatorNorges StatsbanerJalurArendalsbanenLetak31.252 km (19.419 mi) (Oslo S)511 km (318 mi) (Arendal)Jumlah peron1KonstruksiArsitekPa...

 

Font-Romeu-Odeillo-Via

Commune in Occitania, FranceFont-Romeu-Odeillo-ViaCommuneChurch of St. Martin in Odeillo Coat of armsLocation of Font-Romeu-Odeillo-Via Font-Romeu-Odeillo-ViaShow map of FranceFont-Romeu-Odeillo-ViaShow map of OccitanieCoordinates: 42°29′54″N 2°02′05″E / 42.4983°N 2.0347°E / 42.4983; 2.0347CountryFranceRegionOccitaniaDepartmentPyrénées-OrientalesArrondissementPradesCantonLes Pyrénées catalanesGovernment • Mayor (2020–2026) Alain Lunea...

Provinsi Malatya

Malatya province Malatya iliProvince of TurkeyLocation of Malatya Province in TurkeyCountryTurkeyRegionEastern AnatoliaElectoral districtMalatyaLuas • Total12,313 km2 (4,754 sq mi)Populasi (2010-12-31)[1] • Total740.643 • Kepadatan60,000/km2 (160,000/sq mi)Kode area telepon0422Pelat kendaraan44Situs webmalatya.gov.tr Malatya (Turki: Malatya ili) adalah sebuah provinsi Turki. Lihat pula Portal Turki Referensi ^ Turkish St...

 

Houston Stars

Defunct American soccer club This article is about the defunct NASL club. For the WPSL club, see Houston Stars (WPSL). Soccer clubHouston StarsFull nameHouston StarsFounded1967Dissolved1968StadiumAstrodomeCapacity62,000OwnerRoy Mark HofheinzHead coachMartim Francisco (1967) Geza Henni (1968)[1]LeagueUnited Soccer Association (1967)North American Soccer League (1968)19682nd of Gulf Division Home colors Away colors The Houston Stars were an American professional soccer team based out o...

 

Humboldt, Saskatchewan

City in Saskatchewan, CanadaHumboldtCityCity of HumboldtCity of Humboldt welcome sign Nickname(s): 'Boldt, The 'BoldtHumboldtCoordinates: 52°12′07″N 105°07′23″W / 52.20194°N 105.12306°W / 52.20194; -105.12306CountryCanadaProvinceSaskatchewanRural municipalityHumboldtEstablished1875Incorporated (town)April 1, 1907Incorporated (city)November 7, 2000Government • MayorMichael Behiel (2020) • Humboldt City CouncilLarry Jorgenson Kell...

Craig Kimbrel

American baseball pitcher (born 1988) Kimbrel redirects here. For similar terms, see Kimbrell (disambiguation). Baseball player Craig KimbrelKimbrel at the 2018 All-Star GameBaltimore Orioles – No. 46PitcherBorn: (1988-05-28) May 28, 1988 (age 35)Huntsville, Alabama, U.S.Bats: RightThrows: RightMLB debutMay 7, 2010, for the Atlanta BravesMLB statistics (through April 24, 2024)Win–loss record52-42Earned run average2.38Strikeouts1,209Saves424 Teams Atlanta Braves (2010�...

 

Zun

Type of Chinese ritual bronze or ceramic wine vessel Not to be confused with sun. For the dojin game developer ZUN, see ZUN (video game developer). For the other Chinese bronze vessel called Yi, see Yi (vessel). For the Zunbil deity, see Zunbils § Religion. For ISO 639-3 code zun, see Zuni language. ZunChinese尊TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinzūnWade–Gilestsun1IPA[tswə́n]Middle ChineseMiddle Chineset͡suənOld ChineseZhengzhang*ʔsuːnAlternative Chinese nameChinese...

 

Cantone di Bourgogne

Cantone di BourgognecantoneCanton de Bourgogne LocalizzazioneStato Francia RegioneGrand Est Dipartimento Marna ArrondissementReims AmministrazioneCapoluogoBourgogne TerritorioCoordinatedel capoluogo49°21′N 4°04′E / 49.35°N 4.066667°E49.35; 4.066667 (Cantone di Bourgogne)Coordinate: 49°21′N 4°04′E / 49.35°N 4.066667°E49.35; 4.066667 (Cantone di Bourgogne) Superficie364,44 km² Abitanti27 038 (2012) Densità74,19 ab./km² C...

أتراك

هذه المقالة عن المجموعة العرقية الأتراك وليس عن من يحملون جنسية الجمهورية التركية أتراكTürkler (بالتركية) التعداد الكليالتعداد 70~83 مليون نسمةمناطق الوجود المميزةالبلد  القائمة ... تركياألمانياسورياالعراقبلغارياالولايات المتحدةفرنساالمملكة المتحدةهولنداالنمساأسترالي�...

 

Westbrook, Maine

City in Maine, United States City in Maine, United StatesWestbrookCity SealLocation in Cumberland County and the state of Maine.WestbrookLocation in the United StatesCoordinates: 43°41′7″N 70°21′26″W / 43.68528°N 70.35722°W / 43.68528; -70.35722CountryUnited StatesStateMaineCountyCumberlandIncorporated1814Named forColonel Thomas WestbrookGovernment • TypeStrong Mayor • MayorMichael T. FoleyArea[1] • Total17.36...

 

2020年夏季奧林匹克運動會波蘭代表團

2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会波兰代表團波兰国旗IOC編碼POLNOC波蘭奧林匹克委員會網站olimpijski.pl（英文）（波兰文）2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会（東京）2021年7月23日至8月8日（受2019冠状病毒病疫情影响推迟，但仍保留原定名称）運動員206參賽項目24个大项旗手开幕式：帕维尔·科热尼奥夫斯基（游泳）和马娅·沃什乔夫斯卡（自行车）[1]闭幕式：卡罗利娜·纳亚（皮划艇）&#...

アプリケーションソフトウェア

「アプリケーション」はこの項目へ転送されています。英語の意味については「wikt:応用」、「wikt:application」をご覧ください。 この記事には複数の問題があります。改善やノートページでの議論にご協力ください。 出典がまったく示されていないか不十分です。内容に関する文献や情報源が必要です。（2018年4月） 古い情報を更新する必要があります。（2021年3月）出...

 

Vatican lira

Former currency of the Vatican City This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (October 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Vatican liralira vaticana (Italian) VAL500 LireISO 4217CodeITLUnitPlurallireSymbolNone official, see Italian liraDenominationsSubunit 1⁄100centesimoSubunits were abolished after WWIIPluralQ...

 

Nara period

Historical period of Japan from CE 710 to 794 Nara period710–794Tōdai-ji temple, founded in 738 and located in the city of NaraLocationJapanKey events 710: Capital moved to Nara 712: Nihon Shoki published 735–37: Japanese smallpox epidemic 784: Capital moved to Nagaoka-kyō 794: Capital moved to Heian-Kyō Chronology Asuka period Heian period Part of a series on theHistory of Japan ListPaleolithicbefore 14,000 BCJōmon14,000 – 1000 BCYayoi 1000 BC – 300 ADKofun 300 AD –...

Franciszek Ksawery Lampi

Polish romantic painter Franciszek Ksawery LampiPortrait of Lampi by Joseph Sonntag (1834)Born22 January 1782Klagenfurt, AustriaDied22 July 1852(1852-07-22) (aged 70)Warsaw, PolandEducationAcademy of Fine Arts ViennaKnown forPainting, art educationMovementRomanticism Franciszek Ksawery Lampi, also known as Franz Xaver Lampi (22 January 1782 – 22 July 1852),[1] was a Polish Romantic painter born in Austria of ethnic Italian background. He was associated with the aristocrati...

 

Provincial deputation in Spanish America

Provincial DeputationAmerican Provinces of Spain in 1800Number20 (1812) The Diputación Provincial, Spanish for Provincial Deputation, was a type of institution created by the Spanish Constitution of 1812 to provide a representation of the territorial divisions of both Spain and the Hispanic American territories of the Spanish Empire, during the term of the Cortes of Cádiz. The Cortes created new structures for home rule, the provincial deputations and the constitutional ayuntamientos (local...