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In 1905, he left Vietnam to study at military academies, first in Japan and then in China, as part of Phan Bội Châu's Đông Du (Travel to the East) movement.[1] In 1912, he joined Châu's Vietnam Restoration League (Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội) and became one of its representatives in Guangxi[2] and one of its most capable military leaders.[3]
After Châu's capture in 1925 that led to the league's demise, Thần and other revolutionaries in China founded the Việt Nam Cách Mạng Đồng Minh Hội. Thần was respected by many Chinese officials and overseas Vietnamese revolutionaries, and his views were usually held in high regards.[4] Using his good relationship with Chiang Kai-shek, he lobbied for the release and pardon of Hồ Chí Minh when the latter was in jail waiting to be executed for "crimes against the French colonial government".
In August 1945, Hồ and the Communists seized the government from Emperor Bảo Đại and founded the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in September the same year. Thần briefly joined Hồ's coalition government that comprised several non-Communist party leaders. After Hồ signed a modus vivendi Marius Moutet (Minister of Overseas France and her Colonies), France was able to return to its former colony. The move bought Hồ precious time to deal with the non-communist military forces. As soon as the Chinese troops that had entered Vietnam to disarm the Japanese were replaced by French expeditionary forces, Hồ's Việt Minh attacked all non-communist bases in the country. Thần, who opposed Hồ's communist connections, fled to Nanjing, before departing for Hong Kong where he remained until his death in 1959.[5] He supported the establishment of new Vietnamese state with Bảo Đại being its leader, this state would be the State of Vietnam.
References
^Hoang, van Dao; Huynh, Khue (2008). Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang, a contemporary history of a National Struggle: 1927-1954. Pittsburgh: RoseDog Books. ISBN978-1434991362.
^Phan Boi Chau(translated by Dao Trinh Nhat to Vietnamese from a Chinese script in the 1940s and reprinted in Australia in 1983) (1983). Nguc Trung Thu [Book written from jail] (in Vietnamese). Nha in Vi Nuoc.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^Chuong Thau (translated to Vietnamese from a Chinese script in 1950) (2008). Phan Boi Chau, Tu Phan [Phan Boi Chau, Self-Judgement] (in Vietnamese). Thanh Hóa.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^Hoang Van Dao (1970). Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang [Vietnam Nationalist Party] (in Vietnamese). Tan Dan.
^Dommen, Arthur J. (2001). The Indochinese Experience of the French and the Americans: Nationalism and Communism in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. Indiana University Press. ISBN0-253-33854-9.
